It is hoped that this review of the current Bosniak classification and the proposed update will enhance the classification’s clarity and specificity, be useful in clinical practice, serve as substr... Cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is almost certainly overdiagnosed and overtreated. Efforts to diagnose and treat RCC at a curable stage result in many benign neoplasms and indolent cancers being ...

Hyperpolarized carbon 13 MRI is an emerging molecular imaging technique that is actively undergoing clinical translation at multiple institutions. Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon 13 (13C) MRI is an emerging molecular imaging method that allows rapid, noninvasive, and pathway-specific investigation of dynamic metabolic and physiologic processes tha...

Small renal masses (SRMs) are increasingly detected incidentally at imaging. They vary widely in histology and aggressiveness, and include benign renal tumors and renal cell carcinomas that can be either indolent or aggressive. Imaging plays a key role in the characterization of these SRMs. While a confident diagnosis can be made in many cases, some renal masses are indeterminate at imaging and can present as diagnostic dilemmas for both the radiologists and the referring clinicians. This article will summarize the current evidence of imaging features that correlate with the biology of small solid renal masses, and discuss key approaches in imaging characterization of these masses using CT and MRI.