This study aims to determine serum neopterin, procalcitonin, total sialic acid (TSA), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and some haematological indices in calves with aspiration pneumonia (ASP). The patient group consisted of 30 calves of the Simmental breed, 0–28 days old, diagnosed with ASP upon clinical examination, anamnesis, auscultation examination, and radiographic results. The control group consisted of 10 healthy calves, otherwise with the same characteristics. A significant difference was found between calves with ASP and the control group of calves in serum iron (Fe, P < 0.001), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC, P < 0.05), PON1, TSA, procalcitonin, neopterin, and total leukocyte count (WBC) indices as a result of the analyses ( P < 0.001). Serum procalcitonin concentration was found to be 285.71 ng/ml in the ASP group and 30.34 ng/ml in the control group. Serum neopterin concentration was found to be 37.68 nmol/l in the ASP group and 15.14 nmol/l in the control group. Serum procalcitonin, neopterin, and TSA concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the ASP group compared to the control group. It was concluded that biomarkers such as serum procalcitonin, neopterin, and TSA are high in calves with ASP, and as a result, these markers provide diagnostically and prognostically important information.

This study aimed to reveal the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomas (OPA) by evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) expressions by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence methods. Lung tissue samples were collected from 26 sheep brought to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis. Lung tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, following routine procedures tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Avidin-Biotin Peroxidase method was used as immunohistochemical staining. Indirect immunofluorescence method was applied to the sections. Tumoral cells showed acinar, papillary or mixed type patterns. Only 2 of 20 cases metastasized to regional lymph nodes. All OPAs were immune positive for Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Capsid Protein (JSRV CA), MDA and 8-OHdG. The control group was negative for JSRV CA, MDA and 8-OHdG expressions. Malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG immune positive cells were statistically increased in the OPA group compared to the control group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that higher MDA and 8-OHdG expressions in sheep with OPA suggest that OPA may be closely related to lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage.

In our study, the potential protective effects of boric acid (BA) against ovarian damage induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) were investigated. In an experiment conducted on female Wistar rats, the animals were divided into groups receiving control, 3-NPA, 3-NPA + BA, and BA only. 3-NPA triggers oxidative stress in the body by inducing excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to cellular damage and apoptosis. Experimental results showed that oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, and GSH-Px) increased in the group treated with 3-NPA, along with elevated inflammatory and apoptotic indicators (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, caspase 3, and 9). Moreover, significant histopathological findings such as degeneration, necrosis, and oocyte loss in follicles were observed. Boric acid application significantly reduced these adverse effects, enhancing antioxidant defense and providing protective effects on ovarian tissue. In conclusion, it was observed that BA’s antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties exhibited protective potential against 3-NPA-related ovarian damage, with a positive impact on reproductive health. The study suggests that BA might be used as a supportive agent in diseases of the female reproductive system.

Theranostic agents hold great promise for personalized medicine by combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions. Herein, two novel multifunctional theranostic glyconanoprobes targeting breast cancer were engineered for synergistic dual chemo-gene therapy and triple chemo-gene-photothermal therapy. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were prepared and coated with a Dox-loaded glycopeptide polymer (P-Dox) to form UCNP@P-Dox for improving stability. UCNP@MP-Dox equipped for triple therapy was prepared by combining UCNP@P-Dox with magnetic (Fe₃O₄, M) nanoparticles with photothermal properties. To regulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, both UCNP@P-Dox and UCNP@MP-Dox were loaded with anti-Bcl-2 siRNA. Impressive photothermal efficiency and good MRI contrast were demonstrated in preliminary evaluations. Moreover, the UCNP@P-Dox/siRNA nanoprobe for dual therapy was shown in preclinical studies to significantly increase anti-tumor efficacy. In vivo experiments in tumor-induced mice showed nanoprobe accumulation in tumors and enhanced antitumor efficacy with combinatorial therapy over Dox and siRNA alone. This study demonstrates the tumor-targeting capability of multifunctional theranostic glyconanoprobes, establishing chemo-gene synergy as a potent therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.