Inguinoscrotal hernia is a common pediatric disease but a rare condition in the fetus. We present a case, from our institution, of fetal inguinoscrotal hernia with possible rapid development. In addition to our case, we present a literature update on fetal inguinoscrotal hernia in order to enhance the ability to recognize it from the other scrotal masses on ultrasound. Antenatal management, differential diagnosis and postnatal management are also discussed.

The introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators (CFTRms) in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) has significantly improved both the life expectancy and quality of life for patients affected by the disease. While this new therapy shows promising results in CF patients, data about the use of CFTRms during pregnancy in women who are carriers with fetuses affected by CF are limited. We present a new case report and literature review of fetal CF treated by the maternal assumption of CFTRms to understand the safety and the effectiveness of the treatment in resolving fetal and neonatal CF clinical manifestations (meconium ileus, postnatal exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and postnatal intestinal surgery). Our report represents the fifth unsuccessful case of fetal CF treated in utero by CFTRms and highlights the potential key elements necessary for a successful treatment.