Immune response evasion is one of the hallmark features of cancer, which is not only the basis for cancer progression and metastasis but also affects the clinical management of cancer. Tumor immune evasion is mainly attributed to the dynamic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which is regulated by a complex system including immunosuppressive cells and cytokines. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important cytokine that plays a multifaceted role in immune system regulation, and its function is strictly regulated by the natural antagonist IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). IL-18 exhibits context-dependent immunoregulatory characteristics (acting as a “context resistor”) during tumor occurrence and progression, which is closely related to cancer type, stage, and the signaling network of the tumor microenvironment. The multifaceted functions of IL-18 have been utilized in cancer treatment to reduce the phenomenon of immune escape of tumors. With the latest advancements in cancer research related to IL-18, it is necessary to integrate the latest research findings to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of tumor immune escape and promote the improvement of cancer treatment levels. This review will systematically elaborate on the action mode, core regulatory mechanism and key signaling pathways of IL-18 in tumor immune evasion, analyze the heterogeneity patterns associated with its context-dependent effects, comprehensively sort out the core obstacles in clinical translation, and at the same time, envision new precision treatment strategies based on IL-18 regulation.

The proliferation of antibiotic resistance urgently demands the development of novel non-antibiotic-dependent antimicrobial strategies. Metal–organic framework material ZIF-8, with its tunable structure and excellent biocompatibility, shows great promise in the field of photocatalytic antibacterial applications. However, pure ZIF-8 suffers from limitations such as a narrow light absorption range and high carrier recombination rates. Doping ZIF-8 with transition metals such as cobalt or copper, herein denoted as M-ZIF-8 (M=Co, Cu), can significantly broaden its photoresponsive spectrum, promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and enable controlled metal ion release, thereby enhancing antimicrobial performance. Nevertheless, the release of metal ions also introduces potential biotoxicity concerns, limiting practical applications. This paper systematically reviews the trade-off between the photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism and biotoxicity of metal-doped M-ZIF-8 (M=Co, Cu), focusing on material design principles, antibacterial pathways, toxicity manifestations and mechanisms, as well as optimization strategies for “enhancing efficacy while reducing toxicity.” It further proposes future research challenges and directions in mechanism elucidation, smart material development, standardization, and industrialization to advance the safe and efficient application of these materials in medical and environmental fields.

LncRNA H19 is a crucial regulatory player in GC and could operate as an attractive biomarker for patient prognosis. This meta-analysis aims to gauge the link between lncRNA H19 expression levels and patient prognosis, as well as clinicopathological features. HR and 95%CI were utilized to evaluate the connection between lncRNA H19 expression and prognosis, as well as clinicopathological features in GC patients. Bioinformatics analysis, potential molecular mechanisms and drug therapy involving lncRNA H19 were predicted through databases. The expression of lncRNA H19 in GC cells was verified through qRT-PCR. High expression of lncRNA H19 is correlated with a lower overall survival rate in GC patients, as well as TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and tumor invasion. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that lncRNA H19 is significantly expressed in GC and related to poor prognosis. Function prediction analyses suggested that lncRNA H19 may contribute to GC progression through ceRNA regulatory networks, TFs, and predicted interactions with RBPs. Nutlin-3, PD-0332991, and Topotecan were predicted as preliminary candidate drugs. LncRNA H19 was confirmed to be highly expressed in GC cells. LncRNA H19 might act as a feasible biomarker for prognostic prediction in GC, warranting further validation in clinical studies.