Aquaculture emerges as a crucial solution for addressing the global food shortage of an estimated 10 billion people by 2050. In Türkiye, aquaculture plays a significant role in supporting the economy and ensuring food security. Over the past two decades, finfish production in Türkiye surged from 61,163 to 547,505 t, generating $1.7 billion in export revenue across over 100 countries. This growth has been driven by technological advancements, robust governmental support, and increasing global demand for aquaculture products. However, the sector also faces persistent challenges, including the need to enhance sustainability, mitigate ecological impacts, and manage finite resources. As Europe's leading fish producer, the Turkish aquaculture sector must continue to innovate and expand to meet the demands of a growing population. Despite the expanding research on Turkish finfish aquaculture, there is no comprehensive review that consolidates both scientific progress and sectoral developments. This study fills that void by combining a bibliometric analysis of 1958 scientific publications from 1983 to 2023 with an in‐depth sectoral evaluation, providing a holistic understanding of the Turkish aquaculture sector. The bibliometric analysis highlights key research areas, trends, and knowledge gaps, while the sectoral overview examines production trends, dynamics of the feed industry, technological innovations, and economic factors. It also addresses challenges such as climate change impacts, reliance on imported feed ingredients, and disease issues, discussing potential avenues for sustainable growth through innovation, policy reforms, and technological integration. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, offering insights into the current state and future directions of finfish aquaculture in Türkiye.

This research aims to minimize the environmental impact and promote the sustainability of aquaculture by optimizing nutrient dynamics, improving water quality and enhancing species growth performance through a land-based Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system. The study focused on Black Sea trout (Salmo labrax), Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca), reared in interconnected tanks using Black Sea water over 90 days. The Black Sea trout more than doubled in size to 333.92 ± 6.60 g and significant improvements were observed in the specific growth rate (SGR) at 0.85% and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 1.38. The fish's proximate composition included 19.19% protein, 2.31% lipid, 70.35% moisture, and 1.34% ash, with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels at 6.06% and 13.50%, respectively. The macroalgae showed substantial growth, with a SGR of 0.34% and a weight gain of 310 ± 3.50 g. Additionally, it increased protein content by 13.41% and demonstrated significant nutrient removal efficiencies: 41.4% for nitrate, 66.7% for nitrite, and 90.8% for ammonia. EPA and DHA levels increased by 45% and 70%, reaching 4.66% and 2.19%, respectively. In contrast, the mussels experienced a weight loss, with a weight gain of -1.20 ± 0.00 g and an SGR of -0.20%. Initially, wild mussels had a composition of 77.56% moisture, 13.79% protein, 1.54% lipid, and 1.77% ash. The presence of mussels and macroalgae significantly improved water quality, notably reducing ammonia by 92.2%, nitrate by 44.6% and nitrite by 75%, benefiting the overall ecosystem. This study concludes that a land-based IMTA system enhances sustainable aquaculture by improving product quality and bioremediation, with macroalgae playing a crucial role in nutrient absorption and growth within the system.

Sustainable mussel farming practices are critical for maintaining production and enhancing growth of the low trophic aquaculture sector. The concept of Integrated Multi‐Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) and incorporating mussels as extractive species, holds promise for enhancing overall system efficiency, nutrient cycling, and environmental sustainability. This review delves into innovative aquaculture techniques emphasizing the synergistic relationships between Mytilus galloprovincialis and other species such as seaweeds and deposit feeders that prioritize environmental stewardship by absorbing excess nutrients, processing organic waste, and including best management practices for waste mitigation. Marine spatial planning (MSP) through IMTA development can support optimal capacity building scenarios, incorporating ecosystem services and social benefits. This review explores the different aspects of mussel biology, ecology, aquaculture, sustainability, and future perspectives on the basis of literature data, with a context of capacity building in the Atlanto‐Mediterranean area. The literature data were analyzed in order to explain interactions between primary species and mussels as extractive species. We developed conceptual models at three different scales—small, medium, and large—to define the optimal growth performance of mussels in relation to their distance from the aquaculture nutrient source. The consistent trend favoring medium‐scale conditions has led us to conclude that mussels predominantly extract nutrients indirectly, primarily through the phytoplankton blooms resulting from fertilization. On this basis, we recommend that the marine spatial integration of mussels must be designed according to these models to optimize production while mitigating the side effects of fish cage aquaculture.

Türkiye’de 2022 yılı itibarıyla farklı üretim kapasitelerine sahip 1703 adet işletme alabalık üretimi yapmaktadır. Bu işletmelerin porsiyonluk (200-250 g) , filetoluk adayı (400-600 g) ve filetoluk (Türk Somonu) (>3000 g) alabalık üretimi toplam 167.286 ton/yıl’dır. Türk Somonu üretiminde kuluçkahane, baraj gölü ağ kafes sistemleri ve açık deniz ağ kafes sistemleri üretim zinciri şeklinde kullanılmaktadır. Alabalık yumurta ve yavru üretimi için 680 adet kuluçkahane kullanılmakta olup toplam yumurta üretimi 1.360.029.485 adet/yıl’dır. Genel olarak Türk Somonu adayı alabalıkların (400-600 g) üretimi için 622 adet gölet/baraj gölü ağ kafes sistemleri kullanılmakta olup bu işletmelerin üretim kapasitesi 163.525 ton/yıl’dır. Karadeniz’de toplam 6 ilin denizel alanında açık deniz ağ kafes sistemlerinde Türk Somonu üretimi yapılmakta, 2 il için de üretim planlaması devam etmektedir. Bu illerin toplam planlanan üretim sahası 15.650.000 m2, proje kapasiteleri ise 221.188 ton/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Dünya su ürünleri sektöründe yaşanan gelişmelere kayıtsız kalmayan Türkiye, farklı türlerin yetiştiriciliğine uygun çevresel koşulları ve yeni teknoloji kullanımı ile günümüzde sektörde söz sahibi ülkeler tarafından dikkatle takip edilmektedir. Dünya alabalık üretiminde söz sahibi ülkelerin üretim kapasiteleri düşünüldüğünde, Türkiye’nin yumurta/yavru üretim kapasitesi oldukça iyi durumdadır. Fakat Türkiye doğal sucul alanları için biyolojik ve genetik risk teşkil eden biyoteknoloji uygulanmış gözlenmiş yumurta ithalatına halen devam etmektedir. Türkiye’nin alabalık üretimi son 20 yılda 3,75 kat büyüyerek 167.286 ton/yıl’a ulaşmış ve önemli bir gıda üretim endüstrisi haline gelmiştir. Bu başarıda; elverişli çevresel şartlar, sürekli yükselme eğilimi gösteren tüketici talebi ve üretimde yeni teknolojilerin kullanılması ile birlikte istikrarlı yatırımın etkili olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak, alabalık yetiştiriciliği sektöründe yaklaşık 5 yıldır yaşanan hızlı büyüme beraberinde kontrol edilemeyen düşük yaşama oranını da getirmiştir. Azalan yaşama oranı; hastalıkların yaygınlaşması, yanlış tedavi yöntemleri, yanlış damızlık yönetimi uygulamaları, yanlış işletme yönetimi, kontrolsüz balık nakilleri, sıhhi ve çevresel koşullara bağlanabilir.

This study examines the nutritional profile of European flat oysters ( Ostrea edulis ) cultivated in an Integrated Multi‐Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system in Gaeta, Italy. Oysters were deployed for 257 days, 8 July 2023–21 March 2024, at two distances from gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) cages: 20 m, representing high exposure to fish‐derived waste, and 800 m, reflecting reduced waste influence and greater phytoplankton availability. The objective was to evaluate how proximity to fish cages, combined with seasonal variability, influences oyster nutritional quality and to identify optimal spatial arrangements in IMTA systems. Sampling occurred in summer, autumn, winter, and spring to capture seasonal changes in physiology and nutrition. Oysters at the distant site showed consistently higher nutritional quality, attributed to greater phytoplankton access and dilution of fish waste. Crude protein content ranged from 4.49% to 7.81%, with the highest values recorded at the distant site. Crude lipid levels peaked at 1.31% in March, linked to prereproductive nutrient accumulation. Arginine and lysine were the most abundant essential amino acids (EAAs), with significantly higher arginine levels at the distant site during late autumn and early spring. These findings emphasize the spatial planning and seasonality in IMTA, supporting sustainable aquaculture, ecosystem services, and nutrient‐rich seafood production.

Black Sea salmon is from the Salmonidae family and is an endemic species distributed in the Black Sea. These fish, which exhibit anadromous behavior, prefer parts of rivers close to their source for reproduction and the Black Sea for feeding. The first cultivation study of this species, which has high consumer preference and economic value, was started by SUMAE in 1998. As a result of 24 years of work, F7 generation broodstock was created. In order to popularize the production of the species, the private sector was supported with broodstock. In this study, the breeding process of Black Sea salmon was examined and the introduction of the species was aimed. Today, 25 private sector enterprises have production licenses and many enterprises carry out commercial production of the species in the form of trial production with 1603 tons in total. Commercial production is concentrated in the Eastern Black Sea Region, which is the natural distribution area of the species. While enterprises that produce portion size in ponds and have restaurants prefer the red-spotted stream ecotype in production, enterprises that produce large-sized fish in dam lakes and the sea prefer the marine ecotype, which reaches sexual maturity late and has a better growth performance than other ecotypes. Since Black Sea salmon is our only endemic trout species showing typical salmon characteristics, its adaptation to the natural environmental conditions of our country for sea net cage and freshwater aquaculture is quite good.