Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although respiratory manifestations have received greater visibility during the pandemic caused by this virus, numerous neurological complaints related to coronavirus 2 infection have been documented in several countries. These records suggest that this pathogen presents neurotropism, and it can cause different neurological conditions of varying intensity.Objective To investigate the ability of coronavirus 2 to invade the central nervous system (CNS) and its neurological clinical outcomes.Methods The present study consists in a comprehensive literature review of the records available in the PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. The descriptors COVID-19, brain and physiopathology, associated with the Boolean operator AND, were used in the search. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we selected the papers published since 2020 with the highest number of citations.Results We selected 41 articles, most of them in English. The main clinical manifestation associated with COVID-19 patients was headache, but cases of anosmia, hyposmia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and encephalopathies were also described with considerable frequency.Conclusion Coronavirus-2 presents neurotropism, and it can reach the CNS by hematogenous dissemination and by direct infection of the nerve endings. It causes brain injuries through several mechanisms, such as cytokine storm, microglial activation, and an increase in thrombotic factors.

Background/Objectives: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are antidiabetic agents that regulate blood glucose by preventing the degradation of active incretin hormones. Although clinically effective, this drug class is associated with adverse effects, creating the need for new molecular scaffolds with improved safety and efficacy. Methods: We evaluated the antihyperglycemic activity of β-aminohydrazine and β-amino-N-acylhydrazone derivatives (LASSBio-2123, 2125, 2129, and 2130) using a combined in vivo and in silico approach. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance protocols. Hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen levels, as well as GLUT4 mRNA expression, were quantified. In silico studies included ADMET predictions and molecular docking analyses against aldose reductase and glucokinase enzymes. MTT was performed on the pancreatic cell line MIN6 (Mus musculus). Results: Among the compounds tested, LASSBio-2129 demonstrated the most promising profile, with favorable ADMET parameters, metabolic stability, and high docking affinity for aldose reductase and glucokinase. In vivo, LASSBio-2129 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced blood glucose, increased hepatic and muscle glycogen storage, and upregulated GLUT4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle. Additionally, LASSBio-2129 improved insulin sensitivity in the dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance model, with effects comparable to sitagliptin. Conclusions: The combined pharmacological, docking, and ADMET analyses identified LASSBio-2129 as aldose reductase inhibitor candidate and glucokinase activator. Its ability to improve glucose tolerance, enhance glycogen storage, and increase GLUT4 expression highlights its potential as a promising molecule for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The objective of this study is to report the experience lived by extensionists of the Immunology project in Professional Schools of Fortaleza in an internal training on Vaccines and Covid-19. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, of a qualitative and quantitative nature, carried out through the Google Meet videoconferencing application and the Google Forms survey management application. Students from undergraduate courses in health sciences and biological sciences linked to the extension project participated in the activity, as well as students and professors from postgraduate programs at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). Among the results, distance communication technologies through the dissemination of didactic content make the teaching and learning process possible, effectively and playfully enabling the transfer of knowledge and interaction between people without the need for direct contact in the same physical environment. Through globalized communication tools, it is possible to ensure effectiveness in learning and disseminating content related to a particular theme. In conclusion, the teaching and learning activity carried out by virtual means was successful. The project public was able to expand knowledge about immunology, focusing on the constituent inputs of the vaccine against Covid-19, promoting the dissemination of knowledge during the online meeting.

This study aimed to characterize the microbial composition of green tea–fermented kombucha at different fermentation times and to evaluate its effects on inflammation and alveolar bone loss in rats with periodontitis. Microbial diversity was first assessed by metagenomic sequencing targeting bacterial 16 S rRNA and fungal 18 S rRNA regions. Sixty male rats were divided into six groups: control, periodontitis without treatment, green tea treatment, and kombucha fermented for 4, 8, or 12 days. Kombucha or green tea was administered daily by oral gavage for 39 days. Periodontitis was induced by ligation of the maxillary second molar on day 28. After euthanasia, hemimaxillae, liver, kidney, and blood samples were collected for analysis. Kombucha fermented for 4 days showed the highest abundance of bacteria from the Acetobacteraceae family and yeasts from the Saccharomycetaceae family. This fermentation time also produced the most pronounced reduction in periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss, with lower expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (42,9%) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (43,6%), as well as higher expression of osteoprotegerin (approximately 55,4%) in periodontal tissues compared to animals with periodontitis without treatment. Notably, kombucha did not induce renal or hepatic toxicity regardless of fermentation time. These findings suggest that kombucha, particularly after 4 days of fermentation, reduces inflammation and alveolar bone loss without systemic toxicity, supporting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for periodontitis.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress that drive cardiometabolic and renal damage despite current therapies. Sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors have reshaped the treatment landscape, but residual risk and safety concerns highlight the need for new agents that combine glucose-lowering efficacy with redox–inflammatory modulation. LASSBio-1986 is a synthetic N-acylhydrazone (NAH) derivative designed as a gliflozin-like scaffold with the potential to interact with SGLT1/2 while also influencing oxidative and inflammatory pathways. Here, we integrated in silico and in vivo approaches to characterize LASSBio-1986 as a multifunctional antidiabetic lead in murine models of glucose dysregulation. PASS and target class prediction suggested a broad activity spectrum and highlighted transporter- and stress-related pathways. Molecular docking indicated high-affinity binding to both SGLT1 and SGLT2, with a modest energetic preference for SGLT2, and ADME/Tox predictions supported favorable oral drug-likeness. In vivo, intraperitoneal LASSBio-1986 improved oral glucose tolerance and reduced glycemic excursions in an acute glucose challenge model in C57BL/6 mice, while enhancing hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen stores. In a dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistance model, LASSBio-1986 improved insulin sensitivity, favorably modulated serum lipids, attenuated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), restored reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and rebalanced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in metabolic tissues, with efficacy broadly comparable to dapagliflozin. These convergent findings support LASSBio-1986 as a preclinical, multimodal lead that targets SGLT-dependent glucose handling while mitigating oxidative and inflammatory stress in models relevant to T2DM. Chronic disease models, formal toxicology, and pharmacokinetic studies, particularly with oral dosing, will be essential to define its translational potential.

O Cuidado Farmacêutico está inserido na prática da Farmácia Clínica, sendo constituído por nove serviços farmacêuticos, destinados ao paciente, à família e à comunidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o aprendizado dos participantes em um curso online sobre Cuidado Farmacêutico totalizando 30horas contendo dez módulos baseados nos Serviços Clínicos Farmacêuticos, por meio de questionários de pré-teste e de pós-teste. O estudo é de natureza quantitativa, de caráter descritivo, transversal, exploratório e de investigação quase-experimental com pré- e pós-teste. Os dados dos 209 participantes foram coletados no curso de Cuidado Farmacêutico, sendo este caracterizado como curso livre, realizado de 16 de novembro a 5 de dezembro de 2020, via questionários com 18 questões idênticas. As análises foram realizadas nos softwares Minitab 18.0 e SPSS 20. Os dados das amostras independentes apresentaram maior média de pós-teste em comparação com o pré-teste, forte correlação linear positiva, inclinação da reta de regressão linear acentuada positivamente, demostrando que quanto maiores as variáveis explicativas (nível de escolaridade e nota de pré-teste), maior a nota como variável resposta do modelo, e, além disso, no DOE, considerando fatores sexo, conhecimento prévio e nível de escolaridade, apenas o conhecimento prévio foi signifi cativo para as medianas e variâncias, independentemente de nível de escolaridade e gênero, comprovando-se estatisticamente que o curso agregou conhecimento sobre o Cuidado Farmacêutico.