Coagulase-negative staphylococci are main pathogens that produce goat mastitis. Marbofloxacin is a third-generation fluoroquinolone approved for treat mastitis in animals. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin (10 mg/kg/24 h) in serum and milk administered intramuscularly for five days in goats with mastitis induced by coagulase-negative staphylococci; (ii) to characterize the concentration–effect relationship of marbofloxacin against coagulase-negative staphylococci in Mueller Hinton broth and goat milk; (iii) to determine AUC/MIC cutoff values of marbofloxacin, and (iv) to perform a PK/PD analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the dose regimen for the treatment of goat mastitis produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Marbofloxacin presented context-sensitive pharmacokinetics, influenced by the evolution of the disease, which decreased marbofloxacin disposition in serum and milk. Marbofloxacin showed a median (95% CI) fAUC/MIC values for MIC of 0.4 and 0.8 µg/mL of 26.66 (22.26–36.64) and 32.28 (26.57–48.35) related with −2 log₁₀CFU/mL reduction; and 32.26 (24.81–81.50) and 41.39 (29.38–128.01) for −3 log₁₀CFU/mL reduction in Mueller Hinton broth. For milk, −2 log₁₀CFU/mL reduction was achieved with 41.48 (35.29–58.73) and 51.91 (39.09–131.63), and −3 log₁₀CFU/mL reduction with 51.04 (41.6–82.1) and 65.65 (46.68–210.16). The proposed dose regimen was adequate for the treatment of goat mastitis produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci, resulting in microbiological and clinical cure of all animals. The animal model used in this study provided important pharmacokinetic information about the effect of the infection on the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin. Pharmacodynamic modeling showed that fAUC/MIC cutoff values were higher in goat milk compared with Mueller Hinton broth.

Background/Objectives: The expansion of intensive swine production in Córdoba, Argentina, underscores the need to assess the risks associated with antimicrobial (AM) use, whose extensive application has driven antimicrobial resistance, a major global threat within the One Health framework. This study aimed to characterize AM use practices and evaluate the epidemiological resistance profiles (non-wild-type phenotypes, NWT) of commensal Escherichia coli of fecal origin from swine farms, using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) as a surveillance criterion. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 19 farrow-to-finish farms in Córdoba during 2023. Information on AM use (prophylaxis, metaphylaxis, treatment) across production categories was collected. A total of 437 E. coli isolates were obtained from fecal samples, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for 10 AMs of critical importance for human and animal health. NWT phenotypes were classified according to EUCAST ECOFFs, and multidrug resistance (MDR) was assessed. Results: AM use was frequent and predominantly prophylactic (89.5% of farms), mainly through mass medication (66.3%), with macrolides and amoxicillin being the most commonly administered AMs. NWT proportions were extremely high (90–92%) for ampicillin, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol and substantial for ciprofloxacin (50.6%), sulfamethoxazole (68.2%), and trimethoprim (44.9%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing phenotypes were detected. Alarmingly, 92% of isolates were classified as MDR E. coli, with homogeneous distribution across production categories. Conclusions: Findings reveal intensive and largely empirical AM use that has consolidated a stable intestinal resistome in the swine population. High MDR levels, even in categories with limited direct AM exposure or involving banned compounds, suggest that co-selection and horizontal gene transfer are key drivers of resistance. This scenario highlights the urgent need to strengthen integrated surveillance and promote prudent AM use strategies under the One Health approach to preserve therapeutic efficacy.

La diarrea posdestete (DPD) es un importante problema sanitario y económico en la producción porcina, donde Escherichia coli enterotoxigénica (ETEC) constituye uno de los principales agentes causales, provocando diarrea y retraso en el crecimiento, lo que conlleva un mayor uso de antimicrobianos y, en consecuencia, un incremento del riesgo de resistencia bacteriana. El objetivo de este estudio fue aislar cepas de E. coli a partir de muestras fecales de lechones con DPD en granjas de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, describir su perfil de resistencia a antimicrobianos de importancia crítica en salud pública y/o animal, y realizar su caracterización genotípica. Se recolectaron 69 muestras de hisopado rectal en seis establecimientos, con una tasa de aislamiento de E. coli del 97%. Se observó un perfil de resistencia preocupante, con altos niveles frente a betalactámicos (98,5%), fenicoles (88%), tetraciclinas (86,6%) y aminoglucósidos (34,3%). Además, 62 cepas (92,5%) fueron clasificadas como multirresistentes. De los 67 aislamientos obtenidos, el 70% correspondió a cepas ETEC, con alta prevalencia de los genes estII (74,5%) y estI (63,8%), asociados a la producción de toxinas. También se detectaron genes de adhesión como fedA (21,3%), faeG (14,9%), aidA (25,5%) y astA (14,9%). Estos resultados evidencian la fuerte presión de selección ejercida sobre las poblaciones bacterianas en los sistemas productivos, favoreciendo la persistencia y diseminación de cepas multirresistentes, y subrayan la necesidad de implementar medidas de control más estrictas para reducir su propagación en la producción porcina, con implicancias directas para la salud pública y bajo el enfoque de Una Salud.