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Prof. Cristina Leonelli
Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy

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0 Microwave Assisted Synthesis
0 electrophoretic deposition
0 Materials Chemistry
0 combustion synthesis
0 Hydrothermal synthesis

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Hydrothermal synthesis
combustion synthesis
Microwave Assisted Synthesis
electrophoretic deposition

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Polymers
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Alternative cementitious binders, based on industrial side streams, characterized by a low carbon footprint, are profitably proposed to partially replace Portland cement. Among these alternatives, alkali-activated materials have attracted attention as a promising cementitious binder. In this paper, the chemical stability of the matrix, in fiber-reinforced slag-based alkali-activated composites, was studied, in order to assess any possible effect of the presence of the reinforcement on the chemistry of polycondensation. For this purpose, organic fiber, cellulose, and an inorganic fiber, basalt, were chosen, showing a different behavior in the alkaline media that was used to activate the slag fine powders. The novelty of the paper is the study of consolidation by means of chemical measurements, more than from the mechanical point of view. The evaluation of the chemical behavior of the starting slag in NaOH, indeed, was preparatory to the understanding of the consolidation degree in the alkali-activated composites. The reactivity of alkali-activated composites was studied in water (integrity test, normed leaching test, pH and ionic conductivity), and acids (leaching in acetic acid and HCl attack). The presence of fibers does not favor nor hinder the geopolymerization process, even if an increase in the ionic conductivity in samples containing fibers leads to the hypothesis that samples with fibers are less consolidated, or that fiber dissolution contributes to the conductivity values. The amorphous fraction was enriched in silicon after HCl attack, but the structure was not completely dissolved, and the presence of an amorphous phase is confirmed (C–S–H gel). Basalt fibers partly dissolved in the alkaline environment, leading to the formation of a C–N–A–S–H gel surrounding the fibers. In contrast, cellulose fiber remained stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions.

ACS Style

Isabella Lancellotti; Federica Piccolo; Hoang Nguyen; Mohammad Mastali; Mohammad Alzeer; Mirja Illikainen; Cristina Leonelli. The Effect of Fibrous Reinforcement on the Polycondensation Degree of Slag-Based Alkali Activated Composites. Polymers 2021, 13, 2664 .

AMA Style

Isabella Lancellotti, Federica Piccolo, Hoang Nguyen, Mohammad Mastali, Mohammad Alzeer, Mirja Illikainen, Cristina Leonelli. The Effect of Fibrous Reinforcement on the Polycondensation Degree of Slag-Based Alkali Activated Composites. Polymers. 2021; 13 (16):2664.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabella Lancellotti; Federica Piccolo; Hoang Nguyen; Mohammad Mastali; Mohammad Alzeer; Mirja Illikainen; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "The Effect of Fibrous Reinforcement on the Polycondensation Degree of Slag-Based Alkali Activated Composites." Polymers 13, no. 16: 2664.

Original research article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Frontiers in Materials
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In this study we compare the leaching behavior and the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of 100% slag or stone wool derived alkali activated materials. The antibacterial activity was measured as the inhibiting capacity against two Gram-negative bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one Gram-positive bacterial strain: Enterococcus faecalis. The cytotoxicity properties were tested on mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell-line. It was proved that the high quality of the 3D aluminosilicate network of the consolidated materials obtained from powders of CaO or MgO-rich slags or stone wool, opportunely activated with NaO and/or Na-silicate, was capable of stabilizing heavy metal cations. The concentrations of leachate heavy cations were lower than the European law limit when tested in water. The effect of additives in the composites, basal fibers or nanocellulose, did not reduce the chemical stability and slightly influenced the compressive strength. Weight loss in water increased by 20% with basalt fibers addition, while it remained almost constant when nanocellulose was added. All the consolidated materials, cement-like in appearance, exhibited limited antibacterial properties (viability from 50 to 80% depending on the bacterial colony and the amount of sample) and absence of cytotoxicity, envisaging good acceptance from part of the final consumer and zero ecological impact. CaO-rich formulations can replace ordinary Portland cement (showing bacterial viability at 100%) with a certain capability for preventing the reproduction of the E. coli and S. aureus bacteria with health and environmental protection results.

ACS Style

Caterina Sgarlata; Giovanni Dal Poggetto; Federica Piccolo; Michelina Catauro; Katja Traven; Mark Češnovar; Hoang Nguyen; Juho Yliniemi; Luisa Barbieri; Vilma Ducman; Isabella Lancellotti; Cristina Leonelli. Antibacterial Properties and Cytotoxicity of 100% Waste Derived Alkali Activated Materials: Slags and Stone Wool-Based Binders. Frontiers in Materials 2021, 8, 1 .

AMA Style

Caterina Sgarlata, Giovanni Dal Poggetto, Federica Piccolo, Michelina Catauro, Katja Traven, Mark Češnovar, Hoang Nguyen, Juho Yliniemi, Luisa Barbieri, Vilma Ducman, Isabella Lancellotti, Cristina Leonelli. Antibacterial Properties and Cytotoxicity of 100% Waste Derived Alkali Activated Materials: Slags and Stone Wool-Based Binders. Frontiers in Materials. 2021; 8 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caterina Sgarlata; Giovanni Dal Poggetto; Federica Piccolo; Michelina Catauro; Katja Traven; Mark Češnovar; Hoang Nguyen; Juho Yliniemi; Luisa Barbieri; Vilma Ducman; Isabella Lancellotti; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Antibacterial Properties and Cytotoxicity of 100% Waste Derived Alkali Activated Materials: Slags and Stone Wool-Based Binders." Frontiers in Materials 8, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2021 in Polymers
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Reuse of waste glass can significantly decrease the quantity of waste to be treated or disposed of in landfills, allowing to both diminish the ecological damage and to reduce the costs of transportation for removal. Geopolymer mixes with diverse percentages (20, 50 and 60 wt%) and with different grain size ranges (37 μm < diam < 53 μm; 75 μm < diam < 105 μm) of waste glass and the residual part of pure metakaolin were prepared by addition of NaOH and sodium silicate as alkaline activator solutions. The effect of waste glass on the mechanical and microstructure of new geopolymers has been explored in this study. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) evidenced the reactivity of waste glass in terms of Si–O and Si–O–Al bonds, more evident for the finer waste glass powder. The consolidation of the materials has been established by reduced weight loss in water and decreased pH and ionic conductivity of the eluate after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing at room temperature. The decrease of the mechanical properties with waste glass content was less evident for the finer glassy powders, yet the value of about 4-5 MPa indicates their potential use as non-structural materials. The consolidated final materials were tested for their effects on the microbial growth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The samples showed a very limited and absent inhibition zone, for fine and coarse grain size ranges, respectively. Finally, the cytotoxicity tests accomplished the ecological valuation of the final consolidated products.

ACS Style

Giovanni Dal Poggetto; Michelina Catauro; Giuseppina Crescente; Cristina Leonelli. Efficient Addition of Waste Glass in MK-Based Geopolymers: Microstructure, Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Investigation. Polymers 2021, 13, 1493 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Dal Poggetto, Michelina Catauro, Giuseppina Crescente, Cristina Leonelli. Efficient Addition of Waste Glass in MK-Based Geopolymers: Microstructure, Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Investigation. Polymers. 2021; 13 (9):1493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Dal Poggetto; Michelina Catauro; Giuseppina Crescente; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Efficient Addition of Waste Glass in MK-Based Geopolymers: Microstructure, Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Investigation." Polymers 13, no. 9: 1493.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in Materials Chemistry and Physics
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This research reports on the influence of particle size and distribution on the physical, mechanical and microstructural features of solid solutions (feldspathic materials) based inorganic polymer composites (IPCs). Both granite and pegmatite were ground to different degree of finess making four different granulometry with particles of 63, 80, 125 and 200 μm. The respective mixes receive 15 wt% of metakaolin and were activated with a well designed alkaline solution. Matrices obtained showed high compressive and flexural strengths in the range 101.2–131.3 MPa, and 29–35.5 MPa, respectively. It was observed that the optimum mechanical performance of these matrices can be achieved through a mix-design of different grades of granulometry. This was suggested by mechanism combining reactivity and particles packing. In fact, although it can be expected that the finess of the combination of the particles size under 63 μm might present the better reactivity, it is showing that the combination of fine, medium and coarse particles is efficient in achieving denser and tougher microstructure. Lower cumulative pore volume (17 mL g−1) of the composites based on pegmatite, value not far from that of natural stones, resulted in a higher impact resistance of 3.03 J. It was concluded that designing the feldspathic rock-based composites with high strengths appear as sustainable, low energy consumption and environmentally-friendly materials for the structural construction.

ACS Style

Achile Nana; Elie Kamseu; Ange-Therese Akono; Jean Ngouné; Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo; Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Cristina Leonelli. Particles size and distribution on the improvement of the mechanical performance of high strength solid solution based inorganic polymer composites: A microstructural approach. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2021, 267, 124602 .

AMA Style

Achile Nana, Elie Kamseu, Ange-Therese Akono, Jean Ngouné, Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo, Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté, Maria Chiara Bignozzi, Cristina Leonelli. Particles size and distribution on the improvement of the mechanical performance of high strength solid solution based inorganic polymer composites: A microstructural approach. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2021; 267 ():124602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Achile Nana; Elie Kamseu; Ange-Therese Akono; Jean Ngouné; Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo; Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté; Maria Chiara Bignozzi; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Particles size and distribution on the improvement of the mechanical performance of high strength solid solution based inorganic polymer composites: A microstructural approach." Materials Chemistry and Physics 267, no. : 124602.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2021 in Materialia
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The physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of metakaolin/volcanic ash-based geopolymer composites were investigated, as well as the influence of the incorporation of a reactive silica from rice husk ash (RHA) in their performance. The geopolymer composites were designed by replacing metakaolin with volcanic ash, VA (10–30 wt%) and RHA (0–20 wt%). Physical and mechanical testing, FTIR, XRD, optical microscopic and SEM were used to characterize the geopolymer composites. The results showed that the mechanical strengths and physical properties were mostly affected by the VA content as well as RHA content where the optimal mechanical strengths (19.3 and 60.73 MPa for flexural and compressive strength, respectively) were obtained with the composite sample containing 20 wt% of VA and 10 wt% of RHA. This was due to the additive that enhances the compactness and microstructure of geopolymer matrices obtained and also the increase of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio with the addition of RHA. Synergistic use of metakaolin, volcanic ash, and rice husk ash for construction materials through alkaline activation looks like the upcoming trend to valorize these materials.

ACS Style

Achile Nana; Noela Epey; Kaze Cyriaque Rodrique; Juvenal Giogetti Nemaleu Deutou; Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo; Sylvain Tomé; Thamer Salman Alomayri; Jean Ngouné; Elie Kamseu; Cristina Leonelli. Mechanical strength and microstructure of metakaolin/volcanic ash-based geopolymer composites reinforced with reactive silica from rice husk ash (RHA). Materialia 2021, 16, 101083 .

AMA Style

Achile Nana, Noela Epey, Kaze Cyriaque Rodrique, Juvenal Giogetti Nemaleu Deutou, Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo, Sylvain Tomé, Thamer Salman Alomayri, Jean Ngouné, Elie Kamseu, Cristina Leonelli. Mechanical strength and microstructure of metakaolin/volcanic ash-based geopolymer composites reinforced with reactive silica from rice husk ash (RHA). Materialia. 2021; 16 ():101083.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Achile Nana; Noela Epey; Kaze Cyriaque Rodrique; Juvenal Giogetti Nemaleu Deutou; Jean Noel Yankwa Djobo; Sylvain Tomé; Thamer Salman Alomayri; Jean Ngouné; Elie Kamseu; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Mechanical strength and microstructure of metakaolin/volcanic ash-based geopolymer composites reinforced with reactive silica from rice husk ash (RHA)." Materialia 16, no. : 101083.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Molecules
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In this study, the role of two reactive fillers, specifically a sand from a clay washing process as an alternative to waste glass powder and a commercial metakaolin (MK), into the geopolymerization process of waste clay-based materials was assessed. Three kinds of clayey wastes from mining operations—halloysitic, kaolinitic and smectitic clays—were tested as potential precursor of geopolymeric materials in view of a potential valorisation of these by-products. A mix-design based on the addition of low percentages (20%) of these fillers or MK to improve the mechanical and chemico-physical properties of geopolymeric formulations was evaluated. All the clays were thermally treated at a temperature of 650 °C, while the geopolymeric pastes were cured at room temperature. In particular, the chemical stability in water (pH and ionic conductivity of leachate water, weight loss), the variations in the microstructure (XRD, SEM), and in the mechanical performance (compressive strength) were analysed. The most reactive additive was MK, followed by sand and waste glass at very similar levels—1:1 or 2:1—depending upon the type of the clay but not strictly related to the clay type. The increase of geopolymeric gel densification due to the presence of MK and sand was replaced by a crack deflection mechanism in the case of the WG grains. The worst performance (chemical stability and mechanical properties) was found for the halloysitic clay, while kaolinitic and smectitic clays developed strengths slightly below 30 MPa.

ACS Style

Caterina Sgarlata; Alessandra Formia; Francesco Ferrari; Cristina Leonelli. Effect of the Introduction of Reactive Fillers and Metakaolin in Waste Clay-Based Materials for Geopolymerization Processes. Molecules 2021, 26, 1325 .

AMA Style

Caterina Sgarlata, Alessandra Formia, Francesco Ferrari, Cristina Leonelli. Effect of the Introduction of Reactive Fillers and Metakaolin in Waste Clay-Based Materials for Geopolymerization Processes. Molecules. 2021; 26 (5):1325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caterina Sgarlata; Alessandra Formia; Francesco Ferrari; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Effect of the Introduction of Reactive Fillers and Metakaolin in Waste Clay-Based Materials for Geopolymerization Processes." Molecules 26, no. 5: 1325.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Molecules
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Aiming to fulfil the sustainability criteria of future biorefineries, a novel biomass pretreatment combining natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) and microwave (MW) technology was developed. Results showed that NaDESs have a high potential as green solvents for lignin fractionation/recovery and sugar release in the following enzymatic hydrolysis. A new class of lignin derived NaDESs (LigDESs) was also investigated, showing promising effects in wheat straw delignification. MW irradiation enabled a fast pretreatment under mild condition (120 °C, 30 min). To better understand the interaction of MW with these green solvents, the dielectric properties of NaDESs were investigated. Furthermore, a NaDES using the lignin recovered from biomass pretreatment as hydrogen bond donor was prepared, thus paving the way for a “closed-loop” biorefinery process.

ACS Style

Giorgio Grillo; Emanuela Gaudino; Roberto Rosa; Cristina Leonelli; Ana Timonina; Saulius Grygiškis; Silvia Tabasso; Giancarlo Cravotto. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents for Microwave-Assisted Biomass Delignification and Valorisation. Molecules 2021, 26, 798 .

AMA Style

Giorgio Grillo, Emanuela Gaudino, Roberto Rosa, Cristina Leonelli, Ana Timonina, Saulius Grygiškis, Silvia Tabasso, Giancarlo Cravotto. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents for Microwave-Assisted Biomass Delignification and Valorisation. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):798.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giorgio Grillo; Emanuela Gaudino; Roberto Rosa; Cristina Leonelli; Ana Timonina; Saulius Grygiškis; Silvia Tabasso; Giancarlo Cravotto. 2021. "Green Deep Eutectic Solvents for Microwave-Assisted Biomass Delignification and Valorisation." Molecules 26, no. 4: 798.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Materials
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Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) represent a promising alternative to conventional building materials and ceramics. Being produced in large amounts as aluminosilicate-rich secondary products, such as slags, they can be utilized for the formulation of AAMs. Slags are partially crystalline metallurgical residues produced during the high temperature separation of metallic and non-metallic materials in the steelmaking processes. In the present study, the electric arc furnace carbon or stainless steel slag (EAF) and secondary metallurgical slag such as ladle furnace basic slag (LS) were used as precursors in an alkali-activation process. EAF slag, with its amorphous fraction of about 56%, presented higher contents of soluble Si and Al species with respect to ladle slag R (35%). However, both are suitable to produce AAM. The leaching behavior shows that all the release values are below the regulation limit. All the bivalent ions (Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) are well immobilized in a geopolymeric matrix, while amphoteric elements, such as As and Cr, show a slight increase of release with respect to the corresponding slag in alkaline and aqueous environments. In particular, for Sb and As of AAM, release still remains below the regulation limits, while Mo presents an increase of leaching values that slightly exceeds the limit for landfill non-dangerous waste.

ACS Style

Isabella Lancellotti; Federica Piccolo; Katja Traven; Mark Češnovar; Vilma Ducman; Cristina Leonelli. Alkali Activation of Metallurgical Slags: Reactivity, Chemical Behavior, and Environmental Assessment. Materials 2021, 14, 639 .

AMA Style

Isabella Lancellotti, Federica Piccolo, Katja Traven, Mark Češnovar, Vilma Ducman, Cristina Leonelli. Alkali Activation of Metallurgical Slags: Reactivity, Chemical Behavior, and Environmental Assessment. Materials. 2021; 14 (3):639.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Isabella Lancellotti; Federica Piccolo; Katja Traven; Mark Češnovar; Vilma Ducman; Cristina Leonelli. 2021. "Alkali Activation of Metallurgical Slags: Reactivity, Chemical Behavior, and Environmental Assessment." Materials 14, no. 3: 639.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification
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In this paper we evaluate the effect of isopropanol arising from the reagent Ti(O-iPr)4 on the long-term stability of nanoparticle size of TiO2 produced during a microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis. Different configurations of microwave apparatus have been considered: the synthesis was carried out both in vessel or flask, and both performing or not isopropanol distillation through a modified microwave apparatus. Results revealed that isopropanol distillation after a short reaction time provided suspensions with slightly smaller particle size, that also show longer stability over time, especially for syntheses carried out at certain temperatures. Reactions performed distilling isopropanol from vessel and flasks showed comparable results, superior to the corresponding suspensions obtained without distilling isopropanol. This study is intended to provide a useful contribution to those applications where the need for stable TiO2 suspensions is critical.

ACS Style

Enrico Paradisi; Roberto Rosa; Giovanni Baldi; Valentina Dami; Andrea Cioni; Giada Lorenzi; Cristina Leonelli. Effect of isopropanol co-product on the long-term stability of TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions produced by microwave-assisted synthesis. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 2020, 159, 108242 .

AMA Style

Enrico Paradisi, Roberto Rosa, Giovanni Baldi, Valentina Dami, Andrea Cioni, Giada Lorenzi, Cristina Leonelli. Effect of isopropanol co-product on the long-term stability of TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions produced by microwave-assisted synthesis. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification. 2020; 159 ():108242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrico Paradisi; Roberto Rosa; Giovanni Baldi; Valentina Dami; Andrea Cioni; Giada Lorenzi; Cristina Leonelli. 2020. "Effect of isopropanol co-product on the long-term stability of TiO2 nanoparticle suspensions produced by microwave-assisted synthesis." Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification 159, no. : 108242.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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In this paper, the potentialities of pumice-based geopolymers have been explored with the aim to evaluate their use as restoration materials. In particular, the behaviour of Aeolian pumice during alkali activation process, either alone or in binary mixtures with metakaolin, has been assessed using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate activators. Hardened products were characterized by: X-ray diffraction; infrared spectroscopy; thermo gravimetry and electron microscopy. Furthermore, Hg-intrusion porosimetry, water absorption, compressive strength and colorimetric measurements were carried out in order to define the technical features of the produced geopolymers. The results reveal that Aeolian pumice mixed with small quantities (20–30 wt%) of metakaolin is suitable for the formation of lightweight geopolymers which exhibit an accessible porosity up to 30%, water absorption of about 18.0%, and satisfactory 28-day compressive strength up to 12 MPa. These values indicate good breathability and adaptability to the substrates of the proposed formulations. Final products display a homogeneous and compact amorphous matrix, and their colour mimic the original stones, highlighting their potential role in Cultural Heritage preservation.

ACS Style

Roberta Occhipinti; Antonio Stroscio; Claudio Finocchiaro; Maura Fugazzotto; Cristina Leonelli; Maria José Lo Faro; Bartolomeo Megna; Germana Barone; Paolo Mazzoleni. Alkali activated materials using pumice from the Aeolian Islands (Sicily, Italy) and their potentiality for cultural heritage applications: Preliminary study. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 259, 120391 .

AMA Style

Roberta Occhipinti, Antonio Stroscio, Claudio Finocchiaro, Maura Fugazzotto, Cristina Leonelli, Maria José Lo Faro, Bartolomeo Megna, Germana Barone, Paolo Mazzoleni. Alkali activated materials using pumice from the Aeolian Islands (Sicily, Italy) and their potentiality for cultural heritage applications: Preliminary study. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 259 ():120391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta Occhipinti; Antonio Stroscio; Claudio Finocchiaro; Maura Fugazzotto; Cristina Leonelli; Maria José Lo Faro; Bartolomeo Megna; Germana Barone; Paolo Mazzoleni. 2020. "Alkali activated materials using pumice from the Aeolian Islands (Sicily, Italy) and their potentiality for cultural heritage applications: Preliminary study." Construction and Building Materials 259, no. : 120391.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2020 in Applied Clay Science
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In this paper, we investigated the behavior of the metakaolin-based geopolymeric matrix incorporated with waste glass. Pure metakaolin and mixtures obtained by adding different percentages (30, 40, and 50 wt%) of waste glass were consolidated via alkali activation at 50 °C. Infrared spectroscopy was able to reveal the formation of bonds in the mixtures between the clay and the glass in the geopolymeric matrix. Leaching tests were carried out to evaluate the eventual release of toxic metals, while cytotoxicity and antibacterial tests completed the environmental evaluation of the final consolidated products that showed how the mechanical performance were improved by adding different amount of waste glass under compression in the range of 18–39 MPa. Simultaneous thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) experiments showed that about 20 wt% of water was retained in all the samples and released up to 500 K, while lower amount of water was removed by dehydroxylation in the two glass-rich mixtures because of the lower degree of reticulation i.e. lower number of hydroxyl groups underwent to condensation.

ACS Style

Michelina Catauro; Giovanni Dal Poggetto; Caterina Sgarlata; Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti; Severina Pacifico; Cristina Leonelli. Thermal and microbiological performance of metakaolin-based geopolymers cement with waste glass. Applied Clay Science 2020, 197, 105763 .

AMA Style

Michelina Catauro, Giovanni Dal Poggetto, Caterina Sgarlata, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti, Severina Pacifico, Cristina Leonelli. Thermal and microbiological performance of metakaolin-based geopolymers cement with waste glass. Applied Clay Science. 2020; 197 ():105763.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michelina Catauro; Giovanni Dal Poggetto; Caterina Sgarlata; Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti; Severina Pacifico; Cristina Leonelli. 2020. "Thermal and microbiological performance of metakaolin-based geopolymers cement with waste glass." Applied Clay Science 197, no. : 105763.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2020 in Heritage
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Calcium antimonate (in the hexagonal or cubic form) dispersed in the glass matrix is an artificially synthesized phase commonly documented as opacifier for white glasses during the Roman period. Glasses of this type occasionally contain variable amounts of lead oxide. There is no consensus about the origin and role of the lead component in white glasses, whether it was functional to modify the workability of the glass and/or to help the precipitation of the particles, or whether it was an unintentional pollutant introduced with the raw materials. A group of lead and lead-free white mosaic tesserae from the fourth-century CE villa of Noheda in Spain were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD) to evaluate the impact of variable amounts of lead oxide in the precipitation of calcium antimonate on the viscosity of the glass. The analyzed glasses show thermal events that have been related to the composition of the glass via multicomponent linear regression model. CaSb2O6 and Ca2Sb2O7 formed in the glass during the cooling phase and the glass was not reheated. Lead oxide influences the thermal behavior of the glass, lowering the onset temperatures of all the events, implying a more cost-effective production process. We propose that lead was added intentionally or that lead-bearing raw materials were selected specifically by the ancient glass artisans.

ACS Style

Cristina Boschetti; Cristina Leonelli; Roberto Rosa; Marcello Romagnoli; Miguel Valero Tévar; Nadine Schibille. Preliminary Thermal Investigations of Calcium Antimonate Opacified White Glass Tesserae. Heritage 2020, 3, 549 -560.

AMA Style

Cristina Boschetti, Cristina Leonelli, Roberto Rosa, Marcello Romagnoli, Miguel Valero Tévar, Nadine Schibille. Preliminary Thermal Investigations of Calcium Antimonate Opacified White Glass Tesserae. Heritage. 2020; 3 (2):549-560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Boschetti; Cristina Leonelli; Roberto Rosa; Marcello Romagnoli; Miguel Valero Tévar; Nadine Schibille. 2020. "Preliminary Thermal Investigations of Calcium Antimonate Opacified White Glass Tesserae." Heritage 3, no. 2: 549-560.

Journal article
Published: 10 February 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Silica/polycaprolactone and titania/polycaprolactone hybrid organic/inorganic amorphous composites were prepared via a sol-gel method starting from a multi-element solution containing tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS) or titanium butoxide (TBT), polycaprolactone (PCL), water and methylethylketone (MEK). The molecular structure of the crosslinked network was based on the presence of the hydrogen bonds between organic/inorganic elements as confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) analysis. In particular, the structure of crosslinked network was realized by hydrogen bonds between the X-OH (X = Si or Ti) group (H donator) in the sol-gel intermediate species and ester groups (H-acceptors) in the repeating units of the polymer. The morphology of the hybrid materials; pore size distribution, elemental homogeneity and surface features, was studied by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The bioactivity of the synthesized hybrid materials was confirmed by observing the formation of a layer of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on the surface of the samples soaked in a simulated body fluid. The antimicrobial behavior of synthetized hybrids was also assessed against Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, the prepared hybrid materials are proposed for use as future bone implants.

ACS Style

Michelina Catauro; Simona Piccolella; Cristina Leonelli. FT-IR Characterization of Antimicrobial Hybrid Materials through Sol-Gel Synthesis. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1180 .

AMA Style

Michelina Catauro, Simona Piccolella, Cristina Leonelli. FT-IR Characterization of Antimicrobial Hybrid Materials through Sol-Gel Synthesis. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (3):1180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michelina Catauro; Simona Piccolella; Cristina Leonelli. 2020. "FT-IR Characterization of Antimicrobial Hybrid Materials through Sol-Gel Synthesis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3: 1180.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2019 in Materials Chemistry and Physics
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ACS Style

Roberto Rosa; Lorenzo Trombi; Angelo Casagrande; Francesco Cugini; Cristina Leonelli; Paolo Veronesi. On the versatility and distinctiveness in the use of microwave energy for the ignition of low exothermic Ni–Ti intermetallics combustion synthesis. Materials Chemistry and Physics 2019, 233, 220 -229.

AMA Style

Roberto Rosa, Lorenzo Trombi, Angelo Casagrande, Francesco Cugini, Cristina Leonelli, Paolo Veronesi. On the versatility and distinctiveness in the use of microwave energy for the ignition of low exothermic Ni–Ti intermetallics combustion synthesis. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 2019; 233 ():220-229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Rosa; Lorenzo Trombi; Angelo Casagrande; Francesco Cugini; Cristina Leonelli; Paolo Veronesi. 2019. "On the versatility and distinctiveness in the use of microwave energy for the ignition of low exothermic Ni–Ti intermetallics combustion synthesis." Materials Chemistry and Physics 233, no. : 220-229.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2018 in Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies
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ACS Style

Christelle Nobouassia Bewa; Hervé K. Tchakouté; Daniel Fotio; Claus H. Rüscher; Elie Kamseu; Cristina Leonelli. Water resistance and thermal behavior of metakaolin-phosphate-based geopolymer cements. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 2018, 6, 271 -283.

AMA Style

Christelle Nobouassia Bewa, Hervé K. Tchakouté, Daniel Fotio, Claus H. Rüscher, Elie Kamseu, Cristina Leonelli. Water resistance and thermal behavior of metakaolin-phosphate-based geopolymer cements. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 2018; 6 (3):271-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christelle Nobouassia Bewa; Hervé K. Tchakouté; Daniel Fotio; Claus H. Rüscher; Elie Kamseu; Cristina Leonelli. 2018. "Water resistance and thermal behavior of metakaolin-phosphate-based geopolymer cements." Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies 6, no. 3: 271-283.

Research
Published: 10 June 2018 in Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society
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Three resin cements, RelyX™ Ultimate, Panavia F2.0 and RelyX™ U200, were evaluated for their bond strengths between a mica glass-ceramic and human dentin. This research shows that a self-etch dental cement resin system, Panavia F2.0 provided the best bond strength. The glass-ceramic was produced and phases analysed. Biaxial flexural strength and hardness were measured and found to be comparable to that of human enamel and dentin. Bond strength was measured before and after thermocycling. Thermocycling was found to reduce the bond strength. Thermocycling reduced the shear bond strengths of all adhesives by 50–60%. The two-way ANOVA test was used to analyse the data (p = 0.05). Failure modes were analysed, showing failure predominately at the cement/glass-ceramic and dentin/resin cement interfaces. Failure modes changed after thermocycling. The resin cement bond between the dentin and mica glass-ceramics interfaces was examined for failure by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

ACS Style

Thapanee Srichumpong; Kallaya Suputtamongkol; Noparat Thongpun; Pimnida Phokhinchatchanan; Sukanda Angkulpipat; Sahadsaya Prasertwong; Giovanni Bolelli; Paolo Veronesi; Cristina Leonelli; Greg Heness; Duangrudee Chaysuwan. Comparison of shear bond strengths between a mica-based glass-ceramic and human dentin using three different resin cements. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 2018, 55, 47 -55.

AMA Style

Thapanee Srichumpong, Kallaya Suputtamongkol, Noparat Thongpun, Pimnida Phokhinchatchanan, Sukanda Angkulpipat, Sahadsaya Prasertwong, Giovanni Bolelli, Paolo Veronesi, Cristina Leonelli, Greg Heness, Duangrudee Chaysuwan. Comparison of shear bond strengths between a mica-based glass-ceramic and human dentin using three different resin cements. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society. 2018; 55 (1):47-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thapanee Srichumpong; Kallaya Suputtamongkol; Noparat Thongpun; Pimnida Phokhinchatchanan; Sukanda Angkulpipat; Sahadsaya Prasertwong; Giovanni Bolelli; Paolo Veronesi; Cristina Leonelli; Greg Heness; Duangrudee Chaysuwan. 2018. "Comparison of shear bond strengths between a mica-based glass-ceramic and human dentin using three different resin cements." Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 55, no. 1: 47-55.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Jenni Kiventerä; Isabella Lancellotti; Michelina Catauro; Francesco Dal Poggetto; Cristina Leonelli; Mirja Illikainen. Alkali activation as new option for gold mine tailings inertization. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 187, 76 -84.

AMA Style

Jenni Kiventerä, Isabella Lancellotti, Michelina Catauro, Francesco Dal Poggetto, Cristina Leonelli, Mirja Illikainen. Alkali activation as new option for gold mine tailings inertization. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 187 ():76-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jenni Kiventerä; Isabella Lancellotti; Michelina Catauro; Francesco Dal Poggetto; Cristina Leonelli; Mirja Illikainen. 2018. "Alkali activation as new option for gold mine tailings inertization." Journal of Cleaner Production 187, no. : 76-84.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Applied Clay Science
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The main objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between the condensed structure and the chemically bonded water content in the metakaolin-based geopolymer network. The kaolin used in this work as an aluminosilicate source was transformed to metakaolin by calcination at 700 °C. The powder of the waste glass and the silica fume were used as silica sources for the synthesis of the hardeners, dissolving with caustic soda solution. The obtained hardeners were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and MAS-NMR 29Si. The metakaolin and the hardeners were used for producing geopolymers cements. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, MAS-NMR 29Si and 27Al, thermal analyses (TG and DSC) and compressive strength. The results show that the compressive strength of geopolymer cements using hardener from silica fume and the one from waste glass are 61.93 and 25.51 MPa, respectively. The microstructure (SEM observations) of geopolymer cements obtained using hardener from silica fume is homogeneous, compact and dense with an average pore diameter around 13 nm. Whereas, the one obtained using hardener from waste glass are heterogeneous and contains larger pores (with average pore diameter around 168 nm). MAS-NMR 29Si and 27Al results show that the specimen obtained using hardener from the silica fume contains more aluminum in four-fold coordination in its network than the ones using hardener from waste glass. This indicates a higher degree of crosslinking of poly(sialate-siloxo) chains which could lead to a smaller pore sizes and a higher water uptake in the structure of the sample. The amount of chemically bonded water contained in the network of geopolymer cements using hardeners from waste glass and silica fume were 6.82 and 11.23%, respectively, as determined from weight loss in the range 100–300 °C. All these results indicate that the higher content of chemically bonded water in the network of geopolymer cement obtained using hardener from silica fume is related to the much smaller average pore size diameter and the hydrophilic character of aluminum, which reveals obviously better mechanical and microstructural properties of the specimen. This could indicate here a higher degree of condensation using silica fume based hardener for geopolymerization.

ACS Style

Sorelle J.K. Melele; Hervé K. Tchakouté; Charles Banenzoué; Elie Kamseu; Claus H. Rüscher; Fernanda Andreola; Cristina Leonelli. Investigation of the relationship between the condensed structure and the chemically bonded water content in the poly(sialate-siloxo) network. Applied Clay Science 2018, 156, 77 -86.

AMA Style

Sorelle J.K. Melele, Hervé K. Tchakouté, Charles Banenzoué, Elie Kamseu, Claus H. Rüscher, Fernanda Andreola, Cristina Leonelli. Investigation of the relationship between the condensed structure and the chemically bonded water content in the poly(sialate-siloxo) network. Applied Clay Science. 2018; 156 ():77-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sorelle J.K. Melele; Hervé K. Tchakouté; Charles Banenzoué; Elie Kamseu; Claus H. Rüscher; Fernanda Andreola; Cristina Leonelli. 2018. "Investigation of the relationship between the condensed structure and the chemically bonded water content in the poly(sialate-siloxo) network." Applied Clay Science 156, no. : 77-86.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Key Engineering Materials
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The study was to use Thai lignite fly ash and metakaolin to produce geopolymer paste as binder material in pervious concrete. The proper ratio of fly ash to metakaolin were varied as 100:0, 70:30, and 50:50. Alkali solution to pozzolan (L/P) ratios viz., 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8 by weight were prepared. The mechanical and characterization of pervious geopolymer concrete (PGC) were carried out. The results presented that the particle of fly ash was sphere with smooth surface, while metakaolin was partly agglomerated and irregular shaped. The increase of fly ash in the ratio of fly ash to metakaolin affected the lower requirement of volume of alkali solution. The compressive strength and of pervious geopolymer concrete at 28 days were 3.74-5.41. The void ratio and water permeability were 28.54-30.74% and 1.90-2.09 cm/sec, respectively. Therefore, geopolymer paste from fly ash and metakaolin could be used for pervious concrete with satisfied properties. However, the price of pervious cement concrete is 1,898-2,168 THB/m3, while the price of pervious geopolymer concrete is 2,123-4,173 THB/m3 due to the energy cost to transform kaolin into metakaolin by an electric furnace. The cost can be reduced by increasing the ratio of fly ash to metakaolin.

ACS Style

Sarochapat Sutikulsombat; Thapanee Srichumpong; Phachongkit Boonanunwong; Chayanee Tippayasam; Cristina Leonelli; Prinya Chindaprasirt; Duangrudee Chaysuwan. Development of Thai Lignite Fly Ash and Metakaolin for Pervious Geopolymer Concrete. Key Engineering Materials 2018, 766, 294 -299.

AMA Style

Sarochapat Sutikulsombat, Thapanee Srichumpong, Phachongkit Boonanunwong, Chayanee Tippayasam, Cristina Leonelli, Prinya Chindaprasirt, Duangrudee Chaysuwan. Development of Thai Lignite Fly Ash and Metakaolin for Pervious Geopolymer Concrete. Key Engineering Materials. 2018; 766 ():294-299.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarochapat Sutikulsombat; Thapanee Srichumpong; Phachongkit Boonanunwong; Chayanee Tippayasam; Cristina Leonelli; Prinya Chindaprasirt; Duangrudee Chaysuwan. 2018. "Development of Thai Lignite Fly Ash and Metakaolin for Pervious Geopolymer Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 766, no. : 294-299.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Key Engineering Materials
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Geopolymer is a greener alternative cement produced from the reaction of pozzolans and strong alkali solutions. Generally, the cement industry is one of largest producers of CO2that caused global warming. For geopolymer mortar usage, Portland cement is not utilized at all. In this research, geopolymer mortars were prepared by mixing metakaolin, various wastes (fly ash, bagasse ash and rice husk ash) varied as 80:20, 50:50 and 20:80, 15M NaOH, Na2SiO3and sand. The influence of various parameters such as metakaolin to ashes ratios and pozzolans to alkali ratios on engineering properties of metakaolin blended wastes geopolymer mortar were studied. Compressive strength tests were carried out on 25 x 25 x 25 mm3cube geopolymer mortar specimens at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 91 air curing days. Physical and chemical properties were also investigated at the same times. The test results revealed that the highest compressive strength was 20% metakaolin - 80% fly ash geopolymer mortar. When the curing times increases, the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar also increases. The mixing of metakaolin and bagasse ash/rice husk ash presented lower compressive strength but higher water absorption and porosity. For FTIR results, Si-O, Al-O and Si-O-Na+were found. Moreover, the geopolymer mortar could easily plastered on the wall.

ACS Style

Chayanee Tippayasam; Sarochapat Sutikulsombat; Jamjuree Paramee; Cristina Leonelli; Duangrudee Chaysuwan. Development of Geopolymer Mortar from Metakaolin Blended with Agricultural and Industrial Wastes. Key Engineering Materials 2018, 766, 305 -310.

AMA Style

Chayanee Tippayasam, Sarochapat Sutikulsombat, Jamjuree Paramee, Cristina Leonelli, Duangrudee Chaysuwan. Development of Geopolymer Mortar from Metakaolin Blended with Agricultural and Industrial Wastes. Key Engineering Materials. 2018; 766 ():305-310.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chayanee Tippayasam; Sarochapat Sutikulsombat; Jamjuree Paramee; Cristina Leonelli; Duangrudee Chaysuwan. 2018. "Development of Geopolymer Mortar from Metakaolin Blended with Agricultural and Industrial Wastes." Key Engineering Materials 766, no. : 305-310.