Background and Objectives: In ampullary cancer, 5-year survival rates are 30–50%, even with optimal resection and perioperative systemic therapies. We sought to determine the important clinicopathological features and adjuvant treatments in terms of the prognosis of patients with operable-stage ampullary carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We included 197 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat ampullary carcinomas between December 2003 and May 2019. Demographics, clinical features, treatments, and outcomes/survival were analyzed. Results: The median disease-free survival (mDFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 40.9 vs. 63.4 months, respectively. The mDFS was significantly lower in patients with lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.027). Potential predictors of decreased OS on univariate analysis included age ≥ 50 years (p = 0.045), poor performance status (p = 0.048), weight loss (p = 0.045), T3–T4 tumors (p = 0.018), surgical margin positivity (p = 0.01), lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.007), and poor histological grade (p = 0.042). For the multivariate analysis, only nodal status (hazard ratio [HR]1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–3.65; p = 0.027) and surgical margin status (HR 2.61; 95% CI, 1.09–6.24; p = 0.03) were associated with OS. Conclusions: Nodal status and a positive surgical margin were independent predictors of a poor mOS for patients with ampullary carcinomas. Additional studies are required to explore the role of adjuvant therapy in patients with ampullary carcinomas.

Background: Metastasectomy is a cornerstone of multimodal management in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), yet contemporary real-world data focusing specifically on RAS wild-type (RAS-WT) disease remain limited. We aimed to evaluate survival outcomes and prognostic factors associated with metastasectomy in patients with RAS-WT mCRC using a large national multicentre registry. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the ONKO-KOLON Türkiye registry. A total of 1079 patients with pathologically confirmed KRAS/NRAS wild-type mCRC were identified and categorized according to receipt of metastasectomy. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log-rank tests across multiple clinically relevant time origins, including metastatic diagnosis, initial colorectal cancer diagnosis, and time of metastasectomy. Prognostic factors within the metastasectomy cohort were assessed using univariate Cox proportional hazards models. Serum CEA and CA19-9 were analyzed after log₁₀ transformation. Results: Among 1079 patients, 185 (17.1%) underwent metastasectomy. Patients receiving metastasectomy demonstrated significantly longer OS compared with those managed non-surgically when survival was calculated from the time of metastatic diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] for death 0.36, 95% CI 0.27–0.47; p < 0.001), as well as improved PFS (HR for progression or death 0.39, 95% CI 0.30–0.52; p < 0.001). The survival advantage remained consistent when OS was measured from the time of initial colorectal cancer diagnosis (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.25–0.50; p < 0.001). Median OS following metastasectomy was 43 months (95% CI 31.4–45.6). In univariate analyses within the metastasectomy cohort, higher baseline CA19-9 levels were significantly associated with inferior OS when analyzed both as a continuous variable (per log₁₀ increase; HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.20–2.75; p = 0.005) and as a categorical variable (above vs. below threshold; HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16–0.86; p = 0.021). Other clinicopathologic factors, including age, CEA, tumor sidedness, grade, MSI status, and metastatic burden, were not significantly associated with survival. Conclusions: In this large, real-world national cohort of RAS-WT mCRC, metastasectomy was strongly associated with prolonged survival across multiple clinically relevant time frames. Within surgically treated patients, baseline CA19-9 emerged as the most informative prognostic marker, while traditional clinicopathologic variables showed limited discriminatory value. These findings highlight the importance of careful patient selection and support further prospective studies integrating molecular and biomarker-based strategies to refine prognostication and optimize surgical decision-making in RAS-WT mCRC.

Aim: Efficacy of antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) agents has been demonstrated in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Real-world evidence is especially important to detect patient findings outside of clinical trials. Therefore; we aimed to investigate the real-world data in patients with RAS wild-type mCRC. Methods: Medical records from 28 centers were collected for patients diagnosed with mCRC between January 2016 and April 2019. Patients were compared according to the first-line biological treatments as anti-EGFR group (Group A (panitumumab) and B (cetuximab)) and anti-VEGF group (Group C). Results: A total of 1064 patients with documented RAS wild-type mCRC were evaluated. Of these; 33%; 37% and 30% were treated with regimens including panitumumab; cetuximab; and anti-VEGF in the first-line; respectively. Overall response rate was 46.4%; 41.9% and 41.5% in A; B; and C groups; respectively (p = 0;170). The median OS was 26; 27; and 23 months in A; B and C group respectively (p = 0.044). The median PFS of the patients that treated with panitumumab; cetuximab and bevacizumab was 11;6; 11;0 and 9;6 months respectively (p = 0.012). ECOG performance status (PS) 0-1 and Braf wild-type status were found as independent prognostic factors in multivariate analysis for OS and only BRAF wild-type status for PFS (p

Background: Right-sided metastatic colon cancer represents a clinically distinct subgroup with inferior outcomes and uncertain optimal biologic treatment selection, even among patients with RAS wild-type disease. Real-world data focusing specifically on right-sided RAS wild-type metastatic colon cancer remain limited. This study aimed to describe clinicopathologic characteristics, metastatic patterns, treatment approaches, and survival outcomes in this population using a national multicenter registry. Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted using data from the ONKO-KOLON Türkiye registry. Patients with pathologically confirmed KRAS/NRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer and available primary tumor localization were evaluated. The main analytic cohort included patients with right-sided metastatic colon cancer, defined as right colon or transverse colon tumors. Left-sided colon cancer patients were used as a contextual comparator, while rectal cancer patients were excluded from sidedness-based colon comparisons. Survival outcomes were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated using Cox regression analyses. Results: Among 1079 patients in the source cohort, primary tumor localization was available in 1065 patients. Of these, 213 had right-sided colon cancer, 464 had left-sided colon cancer, and 388 had rectal cancer. In the right-sided cohort, median age was 61.5 years, 64.3% were male, and 66.7% had synchronous/de novo metastatic disease. Liver metastasis was the most common metastatic site (63.4%), followed by lymph node (31.0%), lung (21.1%), and peritoneal metastases (15.5%). First-line anti-VEGF-based treatment was used in 46.0% of patients, while anti-EGFR-based treatment was used in 40.8%. Among evaluable patients, the objective response rate was 46.8% and the disease control rate was 79.2%. Median progression-free survival was 10.0 months, and median overall survival was 24.0 months. In unadjusted exploratory analysis, median OS was 27.0 months with anti-EGFR-based treatment and 17.0 months with anti-VEGF-based treatment (log-rank p = 0.022), whereas median PFS was 10.0 months in both groups. In an extended covariate-adjusted multiple-imputation sensitivity model, the anti-EGFR OS estimate did not meet statistical significance (adjusted HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–1.00; p = 0.051). In a secondary contextual comparison, median overall survival was shorter in the right-sided than in the left-sided colon cancer group (24.0 vs. 28.0 months; HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.19–1.82; p < 0.001), whereas progression-free survival did not differ significantly. Conclusions: This study provides a descriptive account of metastatic patterns, treatment approaches, and outcomes in a dedicated right-sided RAS wild-type metastatic colon cancer cohort. The unadjusted OS difference between biological treatment groups was not confirmed after measured covariate adjustment and should not be interpreted as evidence of comparative treatment effectiveness. Because molecular profiling was incomplete, this study cannot identify biomarker-defined treatment subgroups. Prospective studies with complete, predefined molecular characterization are needed before molecularly informed treatment selection hypotheses can be evaluated in this population.