Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly seen as a chronic inflammatory state, with the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) studied as a new biomarker of systemic inflammation. Evidence links NLR to glycemic control, but its consistency and strength vary. This review summarizes data on NLR's relationship with glycemic indicators, such as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), across different T2DM glycemic states. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase through November 2025 to find studies that reported both NLR and glycemic control indicators in adults with T2DM. Data were systematically extracted based on predefined criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined using random‐effects models. Heterogeneity was measured using the I² statistic, and robustness was assessed using sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was investigated using Begg's and Egger's tests, trim‐and‐fill analysis, and funnel plot examination. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 18 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). Results: The meta‐analysis consisted of 27 studies (37 comparisons) with a total of 48,714 individuals from 11 nations. NLR demonstrated a stepwise gradient with deteriorating glycemic control: poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1c > 7%) had higher NLR than well‐controlled T2DM (HbA1c ≤ 7%) ( p < 0.001), prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) ( p < 0.001), and normoglycemia (HbA1c ≤ 5.7%) ( p = 0.037). Conclusions: NLR rises progressively with deteriorating glycemic control and is markedly raised in poorly controlled T2DM. These observations endorse NLR as an inexpensive, widely available inflammatory biomarker that can augment conventional glycemic measures in the clinical setting.

The role of the number of negative lymph nodes (NLNs) removed on survival and tumor recurrence after surgery in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the number of NLNs on overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and recurrence rate of patients with NSCLC after surgery. This multicenter retrospective cohort study examined the medical profile of 1002 patients with a definite diagnosis of NSCLC who underwent surgery between 2021 and 2023 at one of our medical centers. Patients with NSCLC were classified into 4 groups based on the number of NLNs removed during surgery as follows. I: 30 NLN (198 patients). The patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, and pathological findings were obtained by reviewing their medical records. The 5-year survival rate was 36.1%. The OS rate in groups I, II, III, and IV patients was 14%, 25%, 33%, and 43%, respectively (log-rank = 161.2, P = .001). Also, the RFS rate in patients of groups V/III was significantly higher than in groups I/II (P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that the OS rate in group V and II patients was significantly higher than the other 2 groups (I and II). In addition, age > 65 years, comorbidity, tumor size > 3, advanced tumor stage, presence of metastasis, lymph node ratio > 0.3, total lobectomy, central tumor, and no adjuvant chemotherapy are significantly associated with decreased OS rate of patients with NSCLC. The increase in the number of NLNs removed during surgery was associated with an increase in the OS and RFS rates. Attention to this number can be a key factor in improving the survival prediction of patients with NSCLC.

Inflammation-based hematologic indices derived from routine preoperative labs, Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet (HALP), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Rati