The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming almost every industry, including agriculture, food processing, health care, oil and gas, environmental protection, transportation and logistics, manufacturing, home automation, and safety. Cost-effective, small-sized batteries are often used to power IoT devices being deployed with limited energy capacity. The limited energy capacity of IoT devices makes them vulnerable to battery depletion attacks designed to exhaust the energy stored in the battery rapidly and eventually shut down the device. In designing and deploying IoT devices, the battery and device specifications should be chosen in such a way as to ensure a long lifetime of the device. This paper proposes diffusion approximation as a mathematical framework for modelling the energy depletion process in IoT batteries. We applied diffusion or Brownian motion processes to model the energy depletion of a battery of an IoT device. We used this model to obtain the probability density function, mean, variance, and probability of the lifetime of an IoT device. Furthermore, we studied the influence of active power consumption, sleep time, and battery capacity on the probability density function, mean, and probability of the lifetime of an IoT device. We modelled ghost energy depletion attacks and their impact on the lifetime of IoT devices. We used numerical examples to study the influence of battery depletion attacks on the distribution of the lifetime of an IoT device. We also introduced an energy threshold after which the device’s battery should be replaced in order to ensure that the battery is not completely drained before it is replaced.

Attacks on the content and quality of service of IoT platforms have economic and physical consequences well beyond the Internet's lack of security. This paper describes a new research project on “Secure and Safe Internet of Things” (SerIoT) to improve both the information and physical security of IoT applications platforms in a holistic and cross-layered manner. The purpose is to be able to create secure operational IoT platfnrms for diverse applieations.

The Internet of Things (IoT) was born in the mid 2010’s, when the threshold of connecting more objects than people to the Internet, was crossed. Thus, attacks and threats on the content and quality of service of the IoT platforms can have economic, energetic and physical security consequences that go way beyond the traditional Internet’s lack of security, and way beyond the threats posed by attacks to mobile telephony. Thus, this paper describes the H2020 project “Secure and Safe Internet of Things” (SerIoT) which will optimize the information security in IoT platforms and networks in a holistic, cross-layered manner (i.e. IoT platforms and devices, honeypots, SDN routers and operator’s controller) in order to offer a secure SerIoT platform that can be used to implement secure IoT platforms and networks anywhere and everywhere.

In this paper the performance of a fractional order PI controller is compared with that of RED, a well-known active queue management (AQM) mechanism. The article uses fluid flow approximation and discrete-event simulation to investigate the influence of the AQM policy on the packet loss probability, the queue length and its variability. The impact of self-similar traffic is also considered.