This paper presents a survey study of how social innovation moderates social and economic value from the perspective of shared value creation. Specifically, the study addresses the following questions: Does economic value lead to social value creation in shared value creation? Does social innovation moderate social and economic value in the creation of shared value? The questions are addressed through an empirical investigation of 250 social enterprise organizations that apply social objectives and a market-based approach to attain social and economic goals in Ghana. The study used SmartPLS software version 3.0 to evaluate the data collected. The results indicated that economic value influences the creation of social value in shared value creation. Study results also revealed that social innovation is a driver of shared value creation via social value in the educational sector of Ghana. However, social innovation could not play a moderating role in economic value to shared value creation.

Purpose: This paper aims to empirically examine the structural relationship between innovation types, transformational leadership (TL), knowledge sharing (KS) and marketing performance (MP) in small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) service firms. The paper further investigates the extent to which TL and KS influence the relationship between innovation and MP and how such an effect could be managed for SME development.Design/methodology/approach: Cross-sectional survey data are collected from 437 from SME service firms of an emerging economy with a fast-growing service sector. The quantitative methodologies were used in which partial least squares structural equation modeling with bootstrap procedures was adopted to test the hypotheses.Findings: The findings suggest that Innovations have a significant effect on MP, TL has a moderating effect on the relationship and whiles KS mediates between innovation and MP. The study’s results indicate that these effects are robust in the firm’s marketplace.Research limitations/implications: This study calls for future testing of the current framework in other economies and SME sectors such as manufacturing, which makes findings contextual.Practical implications: For SME to remain competitive, this study deepens the effect of innovation on performance and as such managers/owners should consider the vital role of TL and KS as a predictor of the relationship between innovation and MP.Social implications: The findings emphasize the critical role of KS and TL in the relationship between innovation types and MP SMEs in an emerging economy.Originality/value: This current study contributes to the literature by assessing a valid model that describes concurrently the relationships between innovation types, TL, KS and MP. This is the first empirical study to focus on SME MP in relation to types of innovation, TL and KS in an emerging economy.

This study aims to investigate how a Psychological contract breach can mediate the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and job attitudes and how political skill and work ethic can influence the negative association between perceptions of organizational politics and job attitudes. A systematic sampling method was used with a sampling size of 310 faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. Data were analyzed by using partial least squares structural equations modeling PLS-SEM to test the hypotheses by Smart PLS software. The findings revealed that the perception of politics is significantly and negatively related to job attitudes and indirectly through psychological contract breach. Moreover, the results indicated a significant moderating effect of work ethic on the relationship between the perception of politics and job attitudes. However, political skill did not moderate the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and job attitudes. Moreover, research implications and limitations are elucidated.

The agricultural industry employs a large workforce in Ghana and remains the primary source of food security and income. The consequences of extreme weather in this sector can be catastrophic. A consistent picture of meteorological risk and adaptation patterns can lead to useful information, which can help local farmers make informed decisions to advance their livelihoods. We modelled historical data using extreme value theory and structural equation modelling. Subsequently, we studied extreme weather variability and its relationship to composite indicators of agricultural production and the long-term trend of weather risk. Minimum and maximum annual temperatures have negligible heterogeneity in their trends, while the annual maximum rainfall is homogenous in trend. Severe rainfall affects cereals and cocoa production, resulting in reduced yields. Cereals and cocoa grow well when there is even distribution of rainfall. The return levels for the next 20–100 years are gradually increasing with the long-term prediction of extreme weather. Also, heavy rains affect cereals and cocoa production negatively. All indicators of agriculture had a positive relationship with maximum extreme weather.

This paper investigates the relationships between the innovation types, knowledge sharing and firm’s marketing performance of small and medium enterprise (SME) in an emerging economy- Ghana. In particular, it measures the mediating role of knowledge sharing within the relationship between innovation types and marketing performance. The study relied on a survey method through convenience sampling and gathered data through a sum of 437 questionnaires from SME service companies operating in Ashanti and Greater Accra region of Ghana. The quantitative methodologies were used in which Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and bootstrapping method were used to test the hypotheses. The results obtained indicate that innovation types strongly have a significant impact on marketing performance, there is a positive connection between knowledge sharing and marketing performance, innovation types have a positive influence on knowledge sharing, and knowledge sharing was found to completely mediate the association between innovation types and marketing performance. The results clarify that innovation types, knowledge sharing, and marketing performance play a vital role in the success of SME in emerging economies and the indisputable fact that managers and owners of such businesses need to pay attention to these concepts and use them to their advantage.

In recent times, investing in volatile security increases the risk of losses and reduces gains. Many traders who depend on these risks indulge in multiple volatility procedures to inform their trading strategies. We explore two models to measure the tails behaviour and the period the stock will gain or fall within a five-month trading period. We obtained data from the Ghana stock exchange and applied generalized extreme value distribution validated by backtesting and an artificial neural network for forecasting. The network training produces and manages more than 90% accuracy respectively for gains and falls for given input-output pairs. Based on this, estimates of extreme value distribution proves that it is formidable. There is a significant development in market prediction in assessing the results of actual and forecast performance. The study reveals that once every five months, at a 5% confidence level, the market is expected to gain and fall 2.12% and 2.23%, respectively. The Ghana stock exchange market showed a maximum monthly stock gain above or below 2.12% in the fourth and fifth months, whiles maximum monthly stock fell above or below 2.23% in the third and fourth months. The study reveals that once every five months’ trading period, the stock market will gain and fall by almost an equal percentage, with a significant increase in value-at-risk and expected shortfall at the left tail as the quantiles increases compared to the right tail.