To study the applicability of the basalt fiber through various experimental works in thermal and chemical environments, lining heat-insulating materials basis on basalt of Aydarkul deposit were compared and discussed. The identification and study phase pert structures lining heat-insulating materials basis on basalt of Aydarkul deposit used X-ray diffraction analysis. The basalt fiber showed better strength retention than the glass fiber at relatively high temperature. The article studies the endothermic effects of the thermolysis process, which appear at a temperature of 80 ÷240 ⁰C. They show the decomposition of clay impurities or the removal of hygroscopic water contained in rocks. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the basalts of the Aydarkul deposit has been studied by such modern methods as X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods.

Physico-chemical analyzes were used to investigate the anti-corrosion potential of guanidine thiocyanate derivatives for steel in 2.5 M HCl-HF solution in the temperature range of 70-90°C. The obtained results proved that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of inhibitor concentration from 1.1•10-4 M to 9.8•10-4 M. The degree of protection at the minimum concentration of the inhibitor in the HCl-HF solution at 70°C was 92.1%. The values of Gibb’s energy (ΔGoadsor.) for the process ranged from -18.78 kJ/mol to -28.63 kJ/mol. This result indicates the spontaneous adsorption of inhibitors on the steel surface, and the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Analyzing the values of enthalpy (ΔH°), it was found that the adsorption of the inhibitor on the steel surface was endothermic. The entropy value of chemosorption means that this process occurs with a decrease in entropy.

This study experimentally demonstrates that a bentonite–vermiculite composite (1:2 mass ratio) is the most effective formulation for the treatment of crude oil–contaminated wastewater. The sorbents were characterized using XRD, SEM/EDS, ζ-potential, DLS, and TGA/DSC to evaluate their structural, surface, and adsorption-related properties. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model (R² = 0.96–0.99), suggesting that surface interactions and intraparticle diffusion within the layered composite governed the overall adsorption rate. Thermodynamic analysis revealed negative Gibbs free energy values (ΔG < 0) and a moderately positive enthalpy change (ΔH ≈ 26 kJ·mol⁻¹), confirming that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic, with contributions from physical interactions, ion exchange, and hydrophobic effects. After adsorption, the ζ-potential shifted toward less negative values, indicating partial surface charge neutralization by hydrocarbon species. TGA/DSC data further confirmed strong oil retention and preserved structural stability of the sorbents, while the DSC-derived enthalpy increased from 2.0 kJ·g⁻¹ to 141.6 kJ·g⁻¹ after hydrocarbon uptake, indicating pronounced energetic effects associated with sorbate incorporation. Techno-economic evaluation under industrially relevant conditions (Q = 120,000 L·h⁻¹; C₀ = 392 mg·L⁻¹) showed effective oil removal to residual concentrations below regulatory discharge limits at a low treatment cost.

Developing environmentally friendly and highly effective adhesive compositions is a pressing challenge in modern materials science. This study synthesized and comprehensively characterized a new adhesive based on oxalic acid, formaldehyde, and phthalimide. These compounds were chosen as starting materials due to their expected adhesive properties and relative environmental friendliness. The resulting sample was analyzed using infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to identify characteristic functional groups and intermolecular interactions. Additionally, a quantum-chemical analysis using density functional theory (DFT) was performed to evaluate the electronic structure, chemical bonding characteristics, and molecular stability. IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of absorption bands corresponding to esterification and amide bonds, while UV-Vis spectroscopy data indicated the formation of conjugated systems that provide structural strength. Theoretical calculations are consistent with experimental observations and confirm the favorable electronic properties of the molecule. A combined experimental and theoretical approach provided a comprehensive understanding of the molecular architecture and potential adhesive properties. Thus, the adhesive based on oxalic acid, formaldehyde, and phthalimide exhibits good adhesion strength and is environmentally friendly to synthesize, making it promising for a wide range of industrial and sustainable applications.

This article presents an assessment of corrosion processes by X-ray phase analysis and the inhibitory ability of inhibitors using powder diffractometry (X-ray phase analysis) and scanning electron microscopy.