Introduction: Despite worldwide consensus that coronary artery bypass graft computed tomography angiography (CABG CTA) confers benefit to patients when used for appropriate indications, the increased cancer risk due to radiation dose remains a concern. The aim of this study is the estimation of organ effective dose (ED) and lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence and mortality related to a single CABG CTA procedure. Methods and materials: This retrospective cross-sectional designed study included 102 CABG patients who, from January 2021 to June 2021, underwent a retrospective 64-slice ECG-gated CABG CTA covering the area of the grafts with optimal image quality. The estimation of ED was done using the imPACT CT Dosimetry spreadsheet. LAR of cancer incidence was estimated for CABG CTA using the website X-rayrisk.com. Results: The mean total ED of CABG procedure was 15.35 mSv. The highest organ doses were those to the lungs (5.04 mSv) and breast (4.49 mSv). The cancer risk is higher in female (1 in 1516) than in male patients (1 in 1762). The LAR of cancer is higher for the younger age group in both males and females. The total whole-body ED demonstrated that CABG CTA is equivalent to 154 chest radiographs or 37 screening mammography studies, which in turn correspond to approximately 4.3 or 5-years of natural background radiation, respectively. Conclusions: Despite many benefits of CABG CTA, it is associated with a non-negligible risk of malignancy, so a careful risk/benefit assessment is recommended in justifying CABG CTA procedures, especially for young female patients.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females in Palestine. Female nurses play a vital role in increasing women’s awareness of BC early detection. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of female nurses at Primary Health Care Clinics (PHCCs) in the Gaza Strip regarding early detection of BC. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical, cross-sectional study with a census sample that includes all target female nurses (152) currently working at PHCCs. The study was conducted during the period February 2019 - March 2020. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data among female nurses. Descriptive and inferential analyses were used to examine the relationship between the variables. Ethical approval was obtained from a Helsinki Committee Gaza Strip-Palestine. Results: The nurses demonstrated a good knowledge of signs and risk factors of BC, with scores of 85.3% and 77.9%, respectively. The majority of the participants correctly defined breast self-examination (BSE) and claimed that clinical breast examination (CBE) is a useful tool to detect BC (94.1% and 97.4%, respectively). Nurses who had previous training in CBE had better knowledge than those who had not (t = 3.5; P-value <0.001). Nurses who previously performed mammography had a knowledge score (mean ± SD = 78.1±12.8) higher than those who did not (mean ± SD = 72.5±14). Nurses having previous training had a knowledge score of 8.9 times higher than those without relevant training (t = 4.2, P-value < 0.001). Nurses’ knowledge of BC risk factors increased the practicing score by a factor of 0.22 (t = 3.0, P-value = 0.003). Conclusion: Nurses demonstrate good knowledge and practices of early BC detection. Previous education sessions affect the knowledge of early detection methods positively.

Introduction: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a lifelong, progressive inflammatory condition of the bowel that adversely influences the quality of life. Diagnosis of CD can be challenging, as there is no trusted gold standard diagnostic procedure. Ileocolonoscopy cannot investigate the entire small bowel due to small bowel morphology. Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) improves small bowel imaging and has established a crucial role for Computed Tomography Enterography (CTE). Objective: This study investigated an association between CTE and histopathology in the evaluation of the activity of small bowel CD. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was used to collect eligible cases. The sample size was a consecutive sampling of 98 patients with known CD. The patients underwent biopsy by ileocolonoscopy-guided retrograde terminal ileum intubation. Subjects were scanned with CTE for confirmation of the diagnosis, detection of complications, and further evaluation of CD. A Chi-Square test was performed to determine the association between CTE radiological pathological findings and CTE grading. Results: The peak prevalence of Crohn’s activity occurred between the ages of 20–30 years. Definitive clinical presentations of CD include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, frequently followed by a chronic deteriorating progression, with distinct variations in the type and severity of symptoms. Fisher exact test showed that there is a statistically significant association between radiological pathological findings of CTE and CTE diagnostic grading of CD (0.05, 2-sided). Moreover, there is a relationship between radiological pathological findings of CTE and histopathological findings. Conclusions: The CTE radiological pathological findings demonstrate an association with the histopathological findings of CD. The CTE findings may be helpful for the differential diagnosis and planning of treatment strategy.