Maritime transport is responsible for 3% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making it a focus of decarbonization efforts. Ro-pax ferries, operating in the domestic shipping, are particularly emission-intensive due to their high operational frequency, while advances in battery-powered propulsion suggest that electrification is feasible on short to medium distance routes. This paper uses a systematic literature review of studies published between 2014 and 2024 to investigate the application of battery-powered ferries from a maritime transport system perspective. Using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the authors identified 15 case-study-based papers on battery-powered ferries, with a specific focus on the methodological approaches applied to domestic shipping routes. The goal of this review is to identify and systematize the methodologies used in case study research to analyze the implementation of battery-powered ferries on specific routes. The review contributes a structured synthesis of (I) methodological approaches, grouped into four clusters, and (II) route framing and selection practices using a three-level route classification, revealing an increasing methodological complexity, from single-route feasibility assessments to diversified, maritime network-integrated approaches. The paper systematically links existing methodologies to operational and conceptual case studies, providing practical insights for future decarbonization projects.

Global development in recent decades has beencharacterized by increased resource consumption andgrowing environmental pressures, highlighting the need forsustainable economic and social progress. Tourism, despiteits significant contribution to economic growth, often putspressure on natural resources and ecosystems, underscoringthe need for sustainable development in territories withsubstantial rural characteristics, such as islands. Thispaper examines the role of green transformation as adriver of economic resilience and sustainable developmentof Croatian island economies. Research was conductedamong stakeholders in island destinations who are involvedin tourism planning, development and management, usinga structured questionnaire survey. The results from PartialLeast Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)show that green transformation of tourism positivelyinfluences all four sustainability dimensions of destinationdevelopment, with the strongest effect on environmentalsustainability. These findings support decision-makers inshaping development strategies for island destinations.

Every day we witness the introduction of technological innovations into our daily lives, which are changing significantly under their influence. In the past, roots were drawn by hand with paper and pencil, then calculators appeared. Today, nobody tries to draw the root by hand anymore. People used to look for important information in encyclopedias and various archives and libraries, but today they turn to Google for every little thing… Using an example from the field of applied mathematics, we want to show how technology is changing the approach to solving relatively complex technical problems. The example presented in this paper is solving complex mathematical problems such as optimization using a method that has only recently become available through the development of technology. Advanced methods for solving optimization problems such as the Brents method or the Limited memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno method with boundaries are now partially replaced by the Brute Force method, which is much easier to handle. This example shows that we are constantly adapting to new circumstances and that each generation uses the latest knowledge available, changing the approach to daily practice. Adapting to new circumstances and technologies and abandoning and neglecting old methods (i.e. optimizing the necessary acquired knowledge) leads to the false claim that the new generation does not know and does not want to learn the basic methods.

The maritime industry is increasingly exposed to cyber threats due to its strong reliance on information and communication technologies and automated systems. While digitalisation enhances the efficiency of maritime operations, it simultaneously creates new security challenges related to information management, the exchange of security-related data, and coordination within shipboard systems. In this context, cybersecurity is not solely a technical issue but an organisational and managerial one in which the crew plays a central role. This preliminary exploratory and descriptive study examines respondents’ reported experiences and perceptions of maritime crew awareness, preparedness, and communication concerning cyber threats. The analysis addresses crew training, respondents’ familiarity with security protocols, threat information sharing, perceived communication effectiveness among crew members, access control to information systems, and awareness of recovery plans and business continuity procedures in the event of a cyber incident. The results indicate that respondents frequently reported basic technical security measures on board, while training was often reported as a one-time experience, participation in regular simulations was limited, and awareness of information-sharing practices and protocols was inconsistent. Respondents also frequently perceived cyber incidents as potentially having operational and economic consequences, including disruptions and negative effects on the financial stability and competitiveness of shipping companies. Based on these findings, this paper proposes preliminary recommendations for improving crew cyber preparedness, considering their potential operational and economic implications for maritime operations and shipping companies. This paper builds upon previous research on cyber challenges in the Croatian maritime industry published in 2022 by Springer.The findings are based on a convenience sample of 77 male seafarers attending a Special Education Programme at a single Croatian institution. They represent respondents’ self-reported perceptions rather than verified onboard practices or demonstrated economic effects and should not be generalised to the maritime industry as a whole.