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Prof. Ole Hertel
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Denmark

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0 Exposure Assessment
0 Atmospheric deposition
0 air pollution modelling
0 Low Cost Sensors
0 Air pollution and health

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Air pollution and health
Air Pollution exposure
Exposure Assessment
Atmospheric deposition
air pollution modelling
Low Cost Sensors

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Review
Published: 25 May 2021 in Catalysts
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NOx is a pervasive pollutant in urban environments. This review assesses the current state of the art of photocatalytic oxidation materials, designed for the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the urban environment, and typically, but not exclusively based on titanium dioxide (TiO2). Field trials with existing commercial materials, such as paints, asphalt and concrete, in a range of environments including street canyons, car parks, tunnels, highways and open streets, are considered in-depth. Lab studies containing the most recent developments in the photocatalytic materials are also summarised, as well as studies investigating the impact of physical parameters on their efficiency. It is concluded that this technology may be useful as a part of the measures used to lower urban air pollution levels, yielding ∼2% NOx removal in the immediate area around the surface, for optimised TiO2, in some cases, but is not capable of the reported high NOx removal efficiencies >20% in outdoor urban environments, and can in some cases lower air quality by releasing hazardous by-products. However, research into new material is ongoing. The reason for the mixed results in the studies reviewed, and massive range of removal efficiencies reported (from negligible and up to >80%) is mainly the large range of testing practices used. Before deployment in individual environments site-specific testing should be performed, and new standards for lab and field testing should be developed. The longevity of the materials and their potential for producing hazardous by-products should also be considered.

ACS Style

Hugo Russell; Louise Frederickson; Ole Hertel; Thomas Ellermann; Steen Jensen. A Review of Photocatalytic Materials for Urban NOx Remediation. Catalysts 2021, 11, 675 .

AMA Style

Hugo Russell, Louise Frederickson, Ole Hertel, Thomas Ellermann, Steen Jensen. A Review of Photocatalytic Materials for Urban NOx Remediation. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (6):675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Russell; Louise Frederickson; Ole Hertel; Thomas Ellermann; Steen Jensen. 2021. "A Review of Photocatalytic Materials for Urban NOx Remediation." Catalysts 11, no. 6: 675.

Chapter
Published: 07 April 2021 in The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods
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This chapter explores how the Internet of Things and the utilization of cutting-edge information technology are shaping global research and discourse on the health and wellbeing of urban populations. The chapter begins with a review of smart cities and health and then delves into the types of data available to researchers. The chapter then discusses innovative methods and techniques, such as machine learning, personalized sensing, and tracking, that researchers use to examine the health and wellbeing of urban populations. The applications of these data, methods, and techniques are then illustrated taking examples from BERTHA (Big Data Centre for Environment and Health) based at Aarhus University, Denmark. The chapter concludes with a discussion on issues of ethics, privacy, and confidentiality surrounding the use of sensitive and personalized data and tracking or sensing individuals across time and urban space.

ACS Style

Clive E. Sabel; Prince M. Amegbor; Zhaoxi Zhang; Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen; Maria B. Poulsen; Ole Hertel; Torben Sigsgaard; Henriette T. Horsdal; Carsten B. Pedersen; Jibran Khan. Urban Health and Wellbeing. The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods 2021, 259 -280.

AMA Style

Clive E. Sabel, Prince M. Amegbor, Zhaoxi Zhang, Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen, Maria B. Poulsen, Ole Hertel, Torben Sigsgaard, Henriette T. Horsdal, Carsten B. Pedersen, Jibran Khan. Urban Health and Wellbeing. The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods. 2021; ():259-280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clive E. Sabel; Prince M. Amegbor; Zhaoxi Zhang; Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen; Maria B. Poulsen; Ole Hertel; Torben Sigsgaard; Henriette T. Horsdal; Carsten B. Pedersen; Jibran Khan. 2021. "Urban Health and Wellbeing." The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods , no. : 259-280.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Environmental Health Perspectives
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Background:Inconsistent associations between long-term exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm [fine particulate matter (PM2.5)] components and mortality have been reported, partly related to challenges in exposure assessment.Objectives:We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 elemental components and mortality in a large pooled European cohort; to compare health effects of PM2.5 components estimated with two exposure modeling approaches, namely, supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF) algorithms.Methods:We pooled data from eight European cohorts with 323,782 participants, average age 49 y at baseline (1985–2005). Residential exposure to 2010 annual average concentration of eight PM2.5 components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)] was estimated with Europe-wide SLR and RF models at a 100×100 m scale. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations between components and natural and cause-specific mortality. In addition, two-pollutant analyses were conducted by adjusting each component for PM2.5 mass and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) separately.Results:We observed 46,640 natural-cause deaths with 6,317,235 person-years and an average follow-up of 19.5 y. All SLR-modeled components were statistically significantly associated with natural-cause mortality in single-pollutant models with hazard ratios (HRs) from 1.05 to 1.27. Similar HRs were observed for RF-modeled Cu, Fe, K, S, V, and Zn with wider confidence intervals (CIs). HRs for SLR-modeled Ni, S, Si, V, and Zn remained above unity and (almost) significant after adjustment for both PM2.5 and NO2. HRs only remained (almost) significant for RF-modeled K and V in two-pollutant models. The HRs for V were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.05) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) for SLR- and RF-modeled exposures, respectively, per 2 ng/m3, adjusting for PM2.5 mass. Associations with cause-specific mortality were less consistent in two-pollutant models.Conclusion:Long-term exposure to V in PM2.5 was most consistently associated with increased mortality. Associations for the other components were weaker for exposure modeled with RF than SLR in two-pollutant models. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8368

ACS Style

Jie Chen; Sophia Rodopoulou; Kees de Hoogh; Maciej Strak; Zorana J. Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Hans Concin; Daniela Fecht; Francesco Forastiere; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Barbara Hoffmann; Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Nicole A. H. Janssen; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Jeanette Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Anton Lager; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter Ljungman; Conor J. MacDonald; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Amar Mehta; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Annette Peters; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Matteo Renzi; Debora Rizzuto; Evangelia Samoli; Yvonne T. van der Schouw; Sara Schramm; Per Schwarze; Torben Sigsgaard; Mette Sørensen; Massimo Stafoggia; Anne Tjønneland; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek. Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project. Environmental Health Perspectives 2021, 129, 47009 .

AMA Style

Jie Chen, Sophia Rodopoulou, Kees de Hoogh, Maciej Strak, Zorana J. Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Giulia Cesaroni, Hans Concin, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Nicole A. H. Janssen, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jeanette Jørgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Anton Lager, Karin Leander, Shuo Liu, Petter Ljungman, Conor J. MacDonald, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Amar Mehta, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Matteo Renzi, Debora Rizzuto, Evangelia Samoli, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Sara Schramm, Per Schwarze, Torben Sigsgaard, Mette Sørensen, Massimo Stafoggia, Anne Tjønneland, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek. Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2021; 129 (4):47009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Chen; Sophia Rodopoulou; Kees de Hoogh; Maciej Strak; Zorana J. Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Hans Concin; Daniela Fecht; Francesco Forastiere; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Barbara Hoffmann; Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Nicole A. H. Janssen; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Jeanette Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Anton Lager; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter Ljungman; Conor J. MacDonald; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Amar Mehta; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Annette Peters; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Matteo Renzi; Debora Rizzuto; Evangelia Samoli; Yvonne T. van der Schouw; Sara Schramm; Per Schwarze; Torben Sigsgaard; Mette Sørensen; Massimo Stafoggia; Anne Tjønneland; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek. 2021. "Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality—a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project." Environmental Health Perspectives 129, no. 4: 47009.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Environment International
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Ambient air pollution is likely a risk factor for asthma, and recent evidence suggests the possible relevance of road traffic noise. We examined the associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with adult-asthma incidence. We followed 28,731 female nurses (age > 44 years) from the Danish Nurse Cohort, recruited in 1993 and 1999, for first hospital contact for asthma from 1977 until 2015. We estimated residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) since 1990 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) since 1970 with the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS modeling system, and road traffic noise (Lden) since 1970 with the Nord2000 model. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to associate air pollution and road traffic noise exposure with asthma incidence. During 18.6 years’ mean follow-up, 528 out of 23,093 participants had hospital contact for asthma. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for asthma incidence associated with 3-year moving average exposures were 1.29 (1.03, 1.61) per 6.3 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 1.16 (1.07, 1.27) per 8.2 µg/m3 for NO2, and 1.12 (1.00, 1.25) per 10 dB for Lden. The HR for NO2 remained unchanged after adjustment for either PM2.5 or Lden, while the HRs for PM2.5 and Lden attenuated to unity after adjustment for NO2. Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with adult-asthma incidence independently of road traffic noise, with NO2 most relevant. Road traffic noise was not independently associated with adult-asthma incidence.

ACS Style

Shuo Liu; Youn-Hee Lim; Marie Pedersen; Jeanette T. Jørgensen; Heresh Amini; Thomas Cole-Hunter; Amar J. Mehta; Rina So; Laust H. Mortensen; Rudi G.J. Westendorp; Steffen Loft; Elvira V. Bräuner; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Steen S. Jensen; Jesper H. Christensen; Torben Sigsgaard; Camilla Geels; Lise M. Frohn; Maja Brborić; Jelena Radonić; Maja Turk Sekulic; Klaus Bønnelykke; Claus Backalarz; Mette K. Simonsen; Zorana J. Andersen. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise and asthma incidence in adults: The Danish Nurse cohort. Environment International 2021, 152, 106464 .

AMA Style

Shuo Liu, Youn-Hee Lim, Marie Pedersen, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Heresh Amini, Thomas Cole-Hunter, Amar J. Mehta, Rina So, Laust H. Mortensen, Rudi G.J. Westendorp, Steffen Loft, Elvira V. Bräuner, Matthias Ketzel, Ole Hertel, Jørgen Brandt, Steen S. Jensen, Jesper H. Christensen, Torben Sigsgaard, Camilla Geels, Lise M. Frohn, Maja Brborić, Jelena Radonić, Maja Turk Sekulic, Klaus Bønnelykke, Claus Backalarz, Mette K. Simonsen, Zorana J. Andersen. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise and asthma incidence in adults: The Danish Nurse cohort. Environment International. 2021; 152 ():106464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo Liu; Youn-Hee Lim; Marie Pedersen; Jeanette T. Jørgensen; Heresh Amini; Thomas Cole-Hunter; Amar J. Mehta; Rina So; Laust H. Mortensen; Rudi G.J. Westendorp; Steffen Loft; Elvira V. Bräuner; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Steen S. Jensen; Jesper H. Christensen; Torben Sigsgaard; Camilla Geels; Lise M. Frohn; Maja Brborić; Jelena Radonić; Maja Turk Sekulic; Klaus Bønnelykke; Claus Backalarz; Mette K. Simonsen; Zorana J. Andersen. 2021. "Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and road traffic noise and asthma incidence in adults: The Danish Nurse cohort." Environment International 152, no. : 106464.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Environmental Health Perspectives
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Background:Black carbon (BC), a component of fine particulate matter [particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5)], may contribute to carcinogenic effects of air pollution. Until recently however, there has been little evidence to evaluate this hypothesis.Objective:This study aimed to estimate the associations between long-term exposure to BC and risk of cancer. This study was conducted within the French Gazel cohort of 20,625 subjects.Methods:We assessed exposure to BC by linking subjects’ histories of residential addresses to a map of European black carbon levels in 2010 with back- and forward-extrapolation between 1989 and 2015. We used extended Cox models, with attained age as time-scale and time-varying cumulative exposure to BC, adjusted for relevant sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. To consider latency between exposure and cancer diagnosis, we implemented a 10-y lag, and as a sensitivity analysis, a lag of 2 y. To isolate the effect of BC from that of total PM2.5, we regressed BC on PM2.5 and used the residuals as the exposure variable.Results:During the 26-y follow-up period, there were 3,711 incident cancer cases (all sites combined) and 349 incident lung cancers. Median baseline exposure in 1989 was 2.65 10−5/m [interquartile range (IQR): 2.23–3.33], which generally slightly decreased over time. Using 10 y as a lag-time in our models, the adjusted hazard ratio per each IQR increase of the natural log-transformed cumulative BC was 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.29) for all-sites cancer combined and 1.31 (0.93, 1.83) for lung cancer. Associations with BC residuals were also positive for both outcomes. Using 2 y as a lag-time, the results were similar.Discussion:Our findings for a cohort of French adults suggest that BC may partly explain the association between PM2.5 and lung cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm our results and further disentangle the effects of BC, total PM2.5, and other constituents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8719

ACS Style

Emeline Lequy; Jack Siemiatycki; Kees de Hoogh; Danielle Vienneau; Jean-François Dupuy; Valérie Garès; Ole Hertel; Jesper Heile Christensen; Sergey Zhivin; Marcel Goldberg; Marie Zins; Bénédicte Jacquemin. Contribution of Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Black Carbon to the Carcinogenicity of Air Pollution: Evidence regarding Risk of Cancer in the Gazel Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2021, 129, 37005 .

AMA Style

Emeline Lequy, Jack Siemiatycki, Kees de Hoogh, Danielle Vienneau, Jean-François Dupuy, Valérie Garès, Ole Hertel, Jesper Heile Christensen, Sergey Zhivin, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Bénédicte Jacquemin. Contribution of Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Black Carbon to the Carcinogenicity of Air Pollution: Evidence regarding Risk of Cancer in the Gazel Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2021; 129 (3):37005.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emeline Lequy; Jack Siemiatycki; Kees de Hoogh; Danielle Vienneau; Jean-François Dupuy; Valérie Garès; Ole Hertel; Jesper Heile Christensen; Sergey Zhivin; Marcel Goldberg; Marie Zins; Bénédicte Jacquemin. 2021. "Contribution of Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Black Carbon to the Carcinogenicity of Air Pollution: Evidence regarding Risk of Cancer in the Gazel Cohort." Environmental Health Perspectives 129, no. 3: 37005.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Environment International
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We evaluated methods for the analysis of multi-level survival data using a pooled dataset of 14 cohorts participating in the ELAPSE project investigating associations between residential exposure to low levels of air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2) and health (natural-cause mortality and cerebrovascular, coronary and lung cancer incidence). We applied five approaches in a multivariable Cox model to account for the first level of clustering corresponding to cohort specification: (1) not accounting for the cohort or using (2) indicator variables, (3) strata, (4) a frailty term in frailty Cox models, (5) a random intercept under a mixed Cox, for cohort identification. We accounted for the second level of clustering due to common characteristics in the residential area by (1) a random intercept per small area or (2) applying variance correction. We assessed the stratified, frailty and mixed Cox approach through simulations under different scenarios for heterogeneity in the underlying hazards and the air pollution effects. Effect estimates were stable under approaches used to adjust for cohort but substantially differed when no adjustment was applied. Further adjustment for the small area grouping increased the effect estimates’ standard errors. Simulations confirmed identical results between the stratified and frailty models. In ELAPSE we selected a stratified multivariable Cox model to account for between-cohort heterogeneity without adjustment for small area level, due to the small number of subjects and events in the latter. Our study supports the need to account for between-cohort heterogeneity in multi-center collaborations using pooled individual level data.

ACS Style

Evangelia Samoli; Sophia Rodopoulou; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Kathrin Wolf; Massimo Stafoggia; Bert Brunekreef; Maciej Strak; Jie Chen; Zorana J. Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Francesco Forastiere; Daniela Fecht; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Barbara Hoffmann; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole A.H. Janssen; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Shuo Liu; Petter Ljungman; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Annette Peters; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Matteo Renzi; Doris T. Kristoffersen; Gianluca Severi; Torben Sigsgaard; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Gerard Hoek; Klea Katsouyanni. Modeling multi-level survival data in multi-center epidemiological cohort studies: Applications from the ELAPSE project. Environment International 2021, 147, 106371 .

AMA Style

Evangelia Samoli, Sophia Rodopoulou, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Kathrin Wolf, Massimo Stafoggia, Bert Brunekreef, Maciej Strak, Jie Chen, Zorana J. Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Shuo Liu, Petter Ljungman, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Matteo Renzi, Doris T. Kristoffersen, Gianluca Severi, Torben Sigsgaard, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Gerard Hoek, Klea Katsouyanni. Modeling multi-level survival data in multi-center epidemiological cohort studies: Applications from the ELAPSE project. Environment International. 2021; 147 ():106371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Evangelia Samoli; Sophia Rodopoulou; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Kathrin Wolf; Massimo Stafoggia; Bert Brunekreef; Maciej Strak; Jie Chen; Zorana J. Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Francesco Forastiere; Daniela Fecht; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Barbara Hoffmann; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole A.H. Janssen; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Shuo Liu; Petter Ljungman; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Annette Peters; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Matteo Renzi; Doris T. Kristoffersen; Gianluca Severi; Torben Sigsgaard; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Gerard Hoek; Klea Katsouyanni. 2021. "Modeling multi-level survival data in multi-center epidemiological cohort studies: Applications from the ELAPSE project." Environment International 147, no. : 106371.

Journal article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Environmental Research
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Knowledge of the role of melatonin, xenograft experiments, and epidemiological studies suggests that exposure to light at night (LAN) may disturb circadian rhythms, possibly increasing the risk of developing breast cancer. We examined the association between residential outdoor LAN and the incidence of breast cancer: overall and subtypes classified by estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status. We used data on 16,941 nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort who were followed-up from the cohort baseline in 1993 or 1999 through 2012 in the Danish Cancer Registry for breast cancer incidence and the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group for breast cancer ER and PR status. LAN exposure data were obtained from the U.S. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) available for 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2006, and 2010 in nW/cm2/sr unit, and assigned to the study participants’ residence addresses during the follow-up. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between LAN and breast cancer, adjusting for individual characteristics, road traffic noise, and air pollution. Of 16,941 nurses, 745 developed breast cancer in total during 320,289 person-years of follow-up. We found no association between exposure to LAN and overall breast cancer. In the fully adjusted models, HRs for the highest (65.8–446.4 nW/cm2/sr) and medium (22.0–65.7 nW/cm2/sr) LAN tertiles were 0.97 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.23) and 1.09 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.31), respectively, compared to the lowest tertile of LAN exposure (0–21.9 nW/cm2/sr). We found a suggestive association between LAN and ER-breast cancer. This large cohort study of Danish female nurses suggests weak evidence of the association between LAN and breast cancer incidence.

ACS Style

Rebecca B. Clarke; Heresh Amini; Peter James; My von Euler-Chelpin; Jeanette T. Jørgensen; Amar Mehta; Tom Cole-Hunter; Rudi Westendorp; Laust H. Mortensen; Steffen Loft; Jørgen Brandt; Ole Hertel; Matthias Ketzel; Claus Backalarz; Zorana J. Andersen; Youn-Hee Lim. Outdoor light at night and breast cancer incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort. Environmental Research 2020, 194, 110631 .

AMA Style

Rebecca B. Clarke, Heresh Amini, Peter James, My von Euler-Chelpin, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Amar Mehta, Tom Cole-Hunter, Rudi Westendorp, Laust H. Mortensen, Steffen Loft, Jørgen Brandt, Ole Hertel, Matthias Ketzel, Claus Backalarz, Zorana J. Andersen, Youn-Hee Lim. Outdoor light at night and breast cancer incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort. Environmental Research. 2020; 194 ():110631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rebecca B. Clarke; Heresh Amini; Peter James; My von Euler-Chelpin; Jeanette T. Jørgensen; Amar Mehta; Tom Cole-Hunter; Rudi Westendorp; Laust H. Mortensen; Steffen Loft; Jørgen Brandt; Ole Hertel; Matthias Ketzel; Claus Backalarz; Zorana J. Andersen; Youn-Hee Lim. 2020. "Outdoor light at night and breast cancer incidence in the Danish Nurse Cohort." Environmental Research 194, no. : 110631.

Journal article
Published: 10 December 2020 in European Respiratory Journal
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BackgroundLong-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to childhood-onset asthma, while evidence is still insufficient. Within the multicentre project “Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe” (ELAPSE), we examined the associations of long-term exposures to particulate matter with diameter2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC) with asthma incidence in adults.MethodsWe pooled data from three cohorts in Denmark and Sweden with information on asthma hospital diagnoses. The average concentrations of air pollutants in 2010 were modelled by hybrid land use regression models at participants’ baseline residential addresses. Associations of air pollution exposures with asthma incidence were explored with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 98 326 participants, 1965 developed asthma during a 16.6 years mean follow-up. We observed associations in fully adjusted models with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 1.22 (1.04−1.43) per 5 μg·m−3 for PM2.5, 1.17 (1.10−1.25) per 10 µg·m−3 for NO2, and 1.15 (1.08−1.23) per 0.5 10−5 m−1 for BC. Hazard ratios were larger in cohort subsets with exposure levels below the EU and US limit values and possibly WHO guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. NO2 and BC estimates remained unchanged in two-pollutant models with PM2.5, whereas PM2.5 estimates were attenuated to unity. The concentration response curves showed no evidence of a threshold.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to air pollution, especially from fossil fuel combustion sources such as motorised traffic, was associated with adult-onset asthma, even at levels below the current limit values.

ACS Style

Shuo Liu; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Petter Ljungman; Göran Pershagen; Tom Bellander; Karin Leander; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Debora Rizzuto; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Kathrin Wolf; Barbara Hoffmann; Bert Brunekreef; Maciej Strak; Jie Chen; Amar Mehta; Richard W. Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Raphaëlle Varraso; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Francesco Forastiere; Daniela Fecht; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole A.H. Janssen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Annette Peters; Anne Tjønneland; Sophia P. Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Doris Tove Kristoffersen; Torben Sigsgaard; Massimo Stafoggia; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Gerard Hoek; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project. European Respiratory Journal 2020, 2003099 .

AMA Style

Shuo Liu, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Petter Ljungman, Göran Pershagen, Tom Bellander, Karin Leander, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Debora Rizzuto, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Kathrin Wolf, Barbara Hoffmann, Bert Brunekreef, Maciej Strak, Jie Chen, Amar Mehta, Richard W. Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Raphaëlle Varraso, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Jørgen Brandt, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Annette Peters, Anne Tjønneland, Sophia P. Rodopoulou, Evangelia Samoli, Doris Tove Kristoffersen, Torben Sigsgaard, Massimo Stafoggia, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Gerard Hoek, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project. European Respiratory Journal. 2020; ():2003099.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo Liu; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Petter Ljungman; Göran Pershagen; Tom Bellander; Karin Leander; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Debora Rizzuto; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Kathrin Wolf; Barbara Hoffmann; Bert Brunekreef; Maciej Strak; Jie Chen; Amar Mehta; Richard W. Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Raphaëlle Varraso; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Francesco Forastiere; Daniela Fecht; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole A.H. Janssen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Annette Peters; Anne Tjønneland; Sophia P. Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Doris Tove Kristoffersen; Torben Sigsgaard; Massimo Stafoggia; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Gerard Hoek; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. 2020. "Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project." European Respiratory Journal , no. : 2003099.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Environmental Pollution
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Road traffic noise is the most pervasive source of ambient outdoor noise pollution in Europe. Traffic noise prediction models vary in parameterisation and therefore may produce different estimates of noise levels depending on the geographical setting in terms of emissions sources and propagation field. This paper compares three such models: the European standard, Common Noise Assessment Methods for the EU Member States (hereafter, CNOSSOS), Nord2000 and Traffic Noise Exposure (TRANEX) model based on the UK methodology, in terms of their source and propagation characteristics. The tools are also compared by analysing estimated noise (LAeq) from CNOSSOS, Nord2000 (2006 version), and TRANEX for more than one hundred test cases (N = 111) covering a variety of source and receiver configurations (e.g. varying source to receiver distance). The main aim of this approach was to investigate the potential pattern in differences between models’ performance for certain types of configurations. Discrepancies in performance may thus be linked to the differences in parameterisations of the CNOSSOS, Nord2000, and TRANEX (e.g. handling of diffraction, refraction). In most cases, both CNOSSOS and TRANEX reproduced LAeq levels of Nord2000 (2006 version) within three to five dBA (CNOSSOS: 87%, TRANEX: 94%). The differences in LAeq levels of CNOSSOS, compared to Nord2000, can be related to several shortcomings of the existing CNOSSOS algorithms (e.g. ground attenuation, multiple diffractions, and mean ground plane). The analyses show that more research is required in order to improve CNOSSOS for its implementation in the EU. In this context, amendments for CNOSSOS proposed by an EU Working Group hold significant potential. Overall, both CNOSSOS and TRANEX produced similar results, with TRANEX reproducing Nord2000 LAeq values slightly better than the CNOSSOS. The lack of measured noise data highlights one of the significant limitations of this study and needs to be addressed in future work.

ACS Style

Jibran Khan; Matthias Ketzel; Steen Solvang Jensen; John Gulliver; Erik Thysell; Ole Hertel. Comparison of Road Traffic Noise prediction models: CNOSSOS-EU, Nord2000 and TRANEX. Environmental Pollution 2020, 270, 116240 .

AMA Style

Jibran Khan, Matthias Ketzel, Steen Solvang Jensen, John Gulliver, Erik Thysell, Ole Hertel. Comparison of Road Traffic Noise prediction models: CNOSSOS-EU, Nord2000 and TRANEX. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 270 ():116240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jibran Khan; Matthias Ketzel; Steen Solvang Jensen; John Gulliver; Erik Thysell; Ole Hertel. 2020. "Comparison of Road Traffic Noise prediction models: CNOSSOS-EU, Nord2000 and TRANEX." Environmental Pollution 270, no. : 116240.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2020 in Environmental Research
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An association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and lung cancer has been established in previous studies. PM2.5 is a complex mixture of chemical components from various sources and little is known about whether certain components contribute specifically to the associated lung cancer risk. The present study builds on recent findings from the “Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe” (ELAPSE) collaboration and addresses the potential association between specific elemental components of PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence. We pooled seven cohorts from across Europe and assigned exposure estimates for eight components of PM2.5 representing non-tail pipe emissions (copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)), long-range transport (sulfur (S)), oil burning/industry emissions (nickel (Ni), vanadium (V)), crustal material (silicon (Si)), and biomass burning (potassium (K)) to cohort participants’ baseline residential address based on 100 m by 100 m grids from newly developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). The pooled study population comprised 306,550 individuals with 3,916 incident lung cancer events during 5,541,672 person-years of follow-up. We observed a positive association between exposure to all eight components and lung cancer incidence, with adjusted HRs of 1.10 (95% CI 1.05, 1.16) per 50 ng/m3 PM2.5 K, 1.09 (95% CI 1.02, 1.15) per 1 ng/m3 PM2.5 Ni, 1.22 (95% CI 1.11, 1.35) per 200 ng/m3 PM2.5 S, and 1.07 (95% CI 1.02, 1.12) per 200 ng/m3 PM2.5 V. Effect estimates were largely unaffected by adjustment for nitrogen dioxide (NO2). After adjustment for PM2.5 mass, effect estimates of K, Ni, S, and V were slightly attenuated, whereas effect estimates of Cu, Si, Fe, and Zn became null or negative. Our results point towards an increased risk of lung cancer in connection with sources of combustion particles from oil and biomass burning and secondary inorganic aerosols rather than non-exhaust traffic emissions. Specific limit values or guidelines targeting these specific PM2.5 components may prove helpful in future lung cancer prevention strategies.

ACS Style

Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Jie Chen; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Bert Brunekreef; Giulia Cesaroni; Hans Concin; Daniela Fecht; Francesco Forastiere; Carla H. van Gils; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Barbara Hoffmann; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole Janssen; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Alois Lang; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter L.S. Ljungman; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Amar Jayant Mehta; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Raphael Simon Peter; Annette Peters; Matteo Renzi; Debora Rizzuto; Sophia Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Per Everhard Schwarze; Gianluca Severi; Torben Sigsgaard; Massimo Stafoggia; Maciej Strak; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen. Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and lung cancer incidence in the ELAPSE pooled cohort. Environmental Research 2020, 193, 110568 .

AMA Style

Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Jie Chen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Bert Brunekreef, Giulia Cesaroni, Hans Concin, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, Carla H. van Gils, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Gerard Hoek, Barbara Hoffmann, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole Janssen, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Alois Lang, Karin Leander, Shuo Liu, Petter L.S. Ljungman, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Amar Jayant Mehta, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Raphael Simon Peter, Annette Peters, Matteo Renzi, Debora Rizzuto, Sophia Rodopoulou, Evangelia Samoli, Per Everhard Schwarze, Gianluca Severi, Torben Sigsgaard, Massimo Stafoggia, Maciej Strak, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen. Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and lung cancer incidence in the ELAPSE pooled cohort. Environmental Research. 2020; 193 ():110568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Jie Chen; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Jørgen Brandt; Bert Brunekreef; Giulia Cesaroni; Hans Concin; Daniela Fecht; Francesco Forastiere; Carla H. van Gils; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Barbara Hoffmann; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole Janssen; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Alois Lang; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter L.S. Ljungman; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Amar Jayant Mehta; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Raphael Simon Peter; Annette Peters; Matteo Renzi; Debora Rizzuto; Sophia Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Per Everhard Schwarze; Gianluca Severi; Torben Sigsgaard; Massimo Stafoggia; Maciej Strak; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen. 2020. "Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and lung cancer incidence in the ELAPSE pooled cohort." Environmental Research 193, no. : 110568.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Environment International
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Air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but evidence is sparse and inconsistent. We examined the association between long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and COPD incidence. Within the ‘Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe’ (ELAPSE) study, we pooled data from three cohorts, from Denmark and Sweden, with information on COPD hospital discharge diagnoses. Hybrid land use regression models were used to estimate annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and black carbon (BC) in 2010 at participants’ baseline residential addresses, which were analysed in relation to COPD incidence using Cox proportional hazards models. Of 98,058 participants, 4,928 developed COPD during 16.6 years mean follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for associations with COPD incidence were 1.17 (1.06, 1.29) per 5 µg/m3 for PM2.5, 1.11 (1.06, 1.16) per 10 µg/m3 for NO2, and 1.11 (1.06, 1.15) per 0.5 10−5m−1 for BC. Associations persisted in subset participants with PM2.5 or NO2 levels below current EU and US limit values and WHO guidelines, with no evidence for a threshold. HRs for NO2 and BC remained unchanged in two-pollutant models with PM2.5, whereas the HR for PM2.5 was attenuated to unity with NO2 or BC. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution is associated with the development of COPD, even below current EU and US limit values and possibly WHO guidelines. Traffic-related pollutants NO2 and BC may be the most relevant.

ACS Style

Shuo Liu; Jeanette T. Jørgensen; Petter Ljungman; Göran Pershagen; Tom Bellander; Karin Leander; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Debora Rizzuto; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Kathrin Wolf; Barbara Hoffmann; Bert Brunekreef; Maciej Strak; Jie Chen; Amar Mehta; Richard W. Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Raphaëlle Varraso; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Francesco Forastiere; Daniela Fecht; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole A.H. Janssen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Annette Peters; Anne Tjønneland; Sophia P. Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Terese Bekkevold; Torben Sigsgaard; Massimo Stafoggia; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Gerard Hoek; Zorana J. Andersen. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ELAPSE project. Environment International 2020, 146, 106267 .

AMA Style

Shuo Liu, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Petter Ljungman, Göran Pershagen, Tom Bellander, Karin Leander, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Debora Rizzuto, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Kathrin Wolf, Barbara Hoffmann, Bert Brunekreef, Maciej Strak, Jie Chen, Amar Mehta, Richard W. Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Raphaëlle Varraso, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Jørgen Brandt, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Annette Peters, Anne Tjønneland, Sophia P. Rodopoulou, Evangelia Samoli, Terese Bekkevold, Torben Sigsgaard, Massimo Stafoggia, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Gerard Hoek, Zorana J. Andersen. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ELAPSE project. Environment International. 2020; 146 ():106267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo Liu; Jeanette T. Jørgensen; Petter Ljungman; Göran Pershagen; Tom Bellander; Karin Leander; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Debora Rizzuto; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Kathrin Wolf; Barbara Hoffmann; Bert Brunekreef; Maciej Strak; Jie Chen; Amar Mehta; Richard W. Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Raphaëlle Varraso; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Jørgen Brandt; Giulia Cesaroni; Francesco Forastiere; Daniela Fecht; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole A.H. Janssen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Annette Peters; Anne Tjønneland; Sophia P. Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Terese Bekkevold; Torben Sigsgaard; Massimo Stafoggia; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Gerard Hoek; Zorana J. Andersen. 2020. "Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ELAPSE project." Environment International 146, no. : 106267.

Research article
Published: 25 November 2020 in Environmental Science & Technology
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We developed Europe-wide models of long-term exposure to eight elements (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) in particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) using standardized measurements for one-year periods between October 2008 and April 2011 in 19 study areas across Europe, with supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF) algorithms. Potential predictor variables were obtained from satellites, chemical transport models, land-use, traffic, and industrial point source databases to represent different sources. Overall model performance across Europe was moderate to good for all elements with hold-out-validation R-squared ranging from 0.41 to 0.90. RF consistently outperformed SLR. Models explained within-area variation much less than the overall variation, with similar performance for RF and SLR. Maps proved a useful additional model evaluation tool. Models differed substantially between elements regarding major predictor variables, broadly reflecting known sources. Agreement between the two algorithm predictions was generally high at the overall European level and varied substantially at the national level. Applying the two models in epidemiological studies could lead to different associations with health. If both between- and within-area exposure variability are exploited, RF may be preferred. If only within-area variability is used, both methods should be interpreted equally.

ACS Style

Jie Chen; Kees de Hoogh; John Gulliver; Barbara Hoffmann; Ole Hertel; Matthias Ketzel; Gudrun Weinmayr; Mariska Bauwelinck; Aaron van Donkelaar; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Richard Atkinson; Nicole A. H. Janssen; Randall V. Martin; Evangelia Samoli; Zorana J. Andersen; Bente M. Oftedal; Massimo Stafoggia; Tom Bellander; Maciej Strak; Kathrin Wolf; Danielle Vienneau; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek. Development of Europe-Wide Models for Particle Elemental Composition Using Supervised Linear Regression and Random Forest. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 15698 -15709.

AMA Style

Jie Chen, Kees de Hoogh, John Gulliver, Barbara Hoffmann, Ole Hertel, Matthias Ketzel, Gudrun Weinmayr, Mariska Bauwelinck, Aaron van Donkelaar, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Richard Atkinson, Nicole A. H. Janssen, Randall V. Martin, Evangelia Samoli, Zorana J. Andersen, Bente M. Oftedal, Massimo Stafoggia, Tom Bellander, Maciej Strak, Kathrin Wolf, Danielle Vienneau, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek. Development of Europe-Wide Models for Particle Elemental Composition Using Supervised Linear Regression and Random Forest. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (24):15698-15709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Chen; Kees de Hoogh; John Gulliver; Barbara Hoffmann; Ole Hertel; Matthias Ketzel; Gudrun Weinmayr; Mariska Bauwelinck; Aaron van Donkelaar; Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt; Richard Atkinson; Nicole A. H. Janssen; Randall V. Martin; Evangelia Samoli; Zorana J. Andersen; Bente M. Oftedal; Massimo Stafoggia; Tom Bellander; Maciej Strak; Kathrin Wolf; Danielle Vienneau; Bert Brunekreef; Gerard Hoek. 2020. "Development of Europe-Wide Models for Particle Elemental Composition Using Supervised Linear Regression and Random Forest." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 24: 15698-15709.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Environment International
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Ambient air pollution has been associated with lung cancer, but the shape of the exposure-response function - especially at low exposure levels - is not well described. The aim of this study was to address the relationship between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and lung cancer incidence. The “Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe” (ELAPSE) collaboration pools seven cohorts from across Europe. We developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) to assign exposure to cohort participants’ residential addresses in 100 m by 100 m grids. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). We fitted linear models, linear models in subsets, Shape-Constrained Health Impact Functions (SCHIF), and natural cubic spline models to assess the shape of the association between air pollution and lung cancer at concentrations below existing standards and guidelines. The analyses included 307,550 cohort participants. During a mean follow-up of 18.1 years, 3956 incident lung cancer cases occurred. Median (Q1, Q3) annual (2010) exposure levels of NO2, PM2.5, BC and O3 (warm season) were 24.2 µg/m3 (19.5, 29.7), 15.4 µg/m3 (12.8, 17.3), 1.6 10−5m−1 (1.3, 1.8), and 86.6 µg/m3 (78.5, 92.9), respectively. We observed a higher risk for lung cancer with higher exposure to PM2.5 (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.23 per 5 µg/m3). This association was robust to adjustment for other pollutants. The SCHIF, spline and subset analyses suggested a linear or supra-linear association with no evidence of a threshold. In subset analyses, risk estimates were clearly elevated for the subset of subjects with exposure below the EU limit value of 25 µg/m3. We did not observe associations between NO2, BC or O3 and lung cancer incidence. Long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with lung cancer incidence even at concentrations below current EU limit values and possibly WHO Air Quality Guidelines.

ACS Style

Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Gianluca Severi; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Jørgen Brandt; Bert Brunekreef; Giulia Cesaroni; Jie Chen; Hans Concin; Francesco Forastiere; Carla H. van Gils; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Barbara Hoffmann; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole Janssen; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Norun Hjertager Krog; Alois Lang; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter L.S. Ljungman; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Amar Jayant Mehta; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Raphael Simon Peter; Annette Peters; Matteo Renzi; Debora Rizzuto; Sophia Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Per Everhard Schwarze; Torben Sigsgaard; Mette Kildevæld Simonsen; Massimo Stafoggia; Maciek Strak; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Daniela Fecht. Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer – A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts. Environment International 2020, 146, 106249 .

AMA Style

Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Gianluca Severi, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Jørgen Brandt, Bert Brunekreef, Giulia Cesaroni, Jie Chen, Hans Concin, Francesco Forastiere, Carla H. van Gils, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Gerard Hoek, Barbara Hoffmann, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole Janssen, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Norun Hjertager Krog, Alois Lang, Karin Leander, Shuo Liu, Petter L.S. Ljungman, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Amar Jayant Mehta, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Raphael Simon Peter, Annette Peters, Matteo Renzi, Debora Rizzuto, Sophia Rodopoulou, Evangelia Samoli, Per Everhard Schwarze, Torben Sigsgaard, Mette Kildevæld Simonsen, Massimo Stafoggia, Maciek Strak, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Daniela Fecht. Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer – A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts. Environment International. 2020; 146 ():106249.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt; Gianluca Severi; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Richard Atkinson; Mariska Bauwelinck; Tom Bellander; Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault; Jørgen Brandt; Bert Brunekreef; Giulia Cesaroni; Jie Chen; Hans Concin; Francesco Forastiere; Carla H. van Gils; John Gulliver; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Barbara Hoffmann; Kees de Hoogh; Nicole Janssen; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Klea Katsouyanni; Matthias Ketzel; Jochem O. Klompmaker; Norun Hjertager Krog; Alois Lang; Karin Leander; Shuo Liu; Petter L.S. Ljungman; Patrik K.E. Magnusson; Amar Jayant Mehta; Gabriele Nagel; Bente Oftedal; Göran Pershagen; Raphael Simon Peter; Annette Peters; Matteo Renzi; Debora Rizzuto; Sophia Rodopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Per Everhard Schwarze; Torben Sigsgaard; Mette Kildevæld Simonsen; Massimo Stafoggia; Maciek Strak; Danielle Vienneau; Gudrun Weinmayr; Kathrin Wolf; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Daniela Fecht. 2020. "Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer – A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts." Environment International 146, no. : 106249.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Environment International
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To investigate if air pollution and greenness exposure from birth till adulthood affects adult asthma, rhinitis and lung function. Methods: We analysed data from 3428 participants (mean age 28) in the RHINESSA study in Norway and Sweden. Individual mean annual residential exposures to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were averaged across susceptibility windows (0–10 years, 10–18 years, lifetime, adulthood (year before study participation)) and analysed in relation to physician diagnosed asthma (ever/allergic/non-allergic), asthma attack last 12 months, current rhinitis and low lung function (lower limit of normal (LLN), z-scores of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC below 1.64). We performed logistic regression for asthma attack, rhinitis and LLN lung function (clustered with family and study centre), and conditional logistic regression with a matched case-control design for ever/allergic/non-allergic asthma. Multivariable models were adjusted for parental asthma and education. Results: Childhood, adolescence and adult exposure to NO2, PM10 and O3 were associated with an increased risk of asthma attacks (ORs between 1.29 and 2.25), but not with physician diagnosed asthma. For rhinitis, adulthood exposures seemed to be most important. Childhood and adolescence exposures to PM2.5 and O3 were associated with lower lung function, in particular FEV1 (range ORs 2.65 to 4.21). No associations between NDVI and asthma or rhinitis were revealed, but increased NDVI was associated with lower FEV1 and FVC in all susceptibility windows (range ORs 1.39 to 1.74). Conclusions: Air pollution exposures in childhood, adolescence and adulthood were associated with increased risk of asthma attacks, rhinitis and low lung function in adulthood. Greenness was not associated with asthma or rhinitis, but was a risk factor for low lung function.

ACS Style

Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper; Cecilie Svanes; Iana Markevych; Simone Accordini; Randi J. Bertelsen; Lennart Bråbäck; Jesper Heile Christensen; Bertil Forsberg; Thomas Halvorsen; Joachim Heinrich; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Mathias Holm; Kees de Hoogh; Christer Janson; Andrei Malinovschi; Alessandro Marcon; Roy Miodini Nilsen; Torben Sigsgaard; Ane Johannessen. Lifelong exposure to air pollution and greenness in relation to asthma, rhinitis and lung function in adulthood. Environment International 2020, 146, 106219 .

AMA Style

Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper, Cecilie Svanes, Iana Markevych, Simone Accordini, Randi J. Bertelsen, Lennart Bråbäck, Jesper Heile Christensen, Bertil Forsberg, Thomas Halvorsen, Joachim Heinrich, Ole Hertel, Gerard Hoek, Mathias Holm, Kees de Hoogh, Christer Janson, Andrei Malinovschi, Alessandro Marcon, Roy Miodini Nilsen, Torben Sigsgaard, Ane Johannessen. Lifelong exposure to air pollution and greenness in relation to asthma, rhinitis and lung function in adulthood. Environment International. 2020; 146 ():106219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper; Cecilie Svanes; Iana Markevych; Simone Accordini; Randi J. Bertelsen; Lennart Bråbäck; Jesper Heile Christensen; Bertil Forsberg; Thomas Halvorsen; Joachim Heinrich; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Mathias Holm; Kees de Hoogh; Christer Janson; Andrei Malinovschi; Alessandro Marcon; Roy Miodini Nilsen; Torben Sigsgaard; Ane Johannessen. 2020. "Lifelong exposure to air pollution and greenness in relation to asthma, rhinitis and lung function in adulthood." Environment International 146, no. : 106219.

Conference paper
Published: 26 October 2020 in ISEE Conference Abstracts
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Background/Aim. The association between air pollution and mortality is well established, yet studies in areas with low levels of air pollution, below EU limit values, with adjustment for road traffic noise, are sparse. We examined the association of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease (RD), and diabetes as well as all-cause natural mortality.Methods. We used data on 24,541 female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort who, at recruitment in 1993 or 1999, reported information on risk factors. Data on death were obtained from the Danish Register of Causes of Death until the end of 2013. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 in 1990-2013 at the nurses’ residences were estimated using the Danish air pollution dispersion modeling system. We examined associations between the 3-year running mean of PM2.5 with all-cause natural and cause-specific mortality by using time-varying Cox Regression models, adjusting for individual characteristics.Results. During the study time-period, 3,708 nurses died, and of these, 843 were due to CVD, 310 due to RD, and 64 due to diabetes. The mean level of PM2.5 at the baseline was 20.5 µg/m3. In the fully adjusted models, including road traffic noise, we found positive associations of 3-year running mean of PM2.5 with all-cause natural (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.06; 1.01-1.11), CVD (1.14; 1.03-1.26), and diabetes mortality (1.41; 1.05-1.90), per interquartile range of 4.39 μg/m3. In subjects exposed to low levels of PM2.5 (< 20 µg/m3), we found even stronger association with all-cause natural (1.19; 1.11-1.27), CVD (1.27; 1.01-1.46), RD (1.27; 1.00-1.60), and diabetes mortality (1.44; 0.83-2.48).Conclusion. In a Danish cohort of female nurses, long-term exposures to low-levels of PM2.5 were associated with all-cause mortality, strongest for diabetes, and CVD, which persisted at the levels below the current EU limit values.

ACS Style

R. So; J.T. Jørgensen; Y. Lim; H. Amini; A. Mehta; L.H. Mortensen; R. Westendorp; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Torben Sigsgaard; E.V. Bräuner; S.S. Jensen; C. Backalarz; J.E. Laursen; M.K. Simonsen; S. Loft; Z.J. Andersen. Long-term Exposure to Low Concentration of PM2.5 and Mortality: A Danish Nurse Cohort Study. ISEE Conference Abstracts 2020, 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

R. So, J.T. Jørgensen, Y. Lim, H. Amini, A. Mehta, L.H. Mortensen, R. Westendorp, Matthias Ketzel, Ole Hertel, Jørgen Brandt, Torben Sigsgaard, E.V. Bräuner, S.S. Jensen, C. Backalarz, J.E. Laursen, M.K. Simonsen, S. Loft, Z.J. Andersen. Long-term Exposure to Low Concentration of PM2.5 and Mortality: A Danish Nurse Cohort Study. ISEE Conference Abstracts. 2020; 2020 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. So; J.T. Jørgensen; Y. Lim; H. Amini; A. Mehta; L.H. Mortensen; R. Westendorp; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Torben Sigsgaard; E.V. Bräuner; S.S. Jensen; C. Backalarz; J.E. Laursen; M.K. Simonsen; S. Loft; Z.J. Andersen. 2020. "Long-term Exposure to Low Concentration of PM2.5 and Mortality: A Danish Nurse Cohort Study." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2020, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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We investigated if greenness and air pollution exposure in parents’ childhood affect offspring asthma and hay fever, and if effects were mediated through parental asthma, pregnancy greenness/pollution exposure, and offspring exposure. We analysed 1106 parents with 1949 offspring (mean age 35 and 6) from the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) generation study. Mean particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3) (µg/m3) and greenness (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)) were calculated for parents 0–18 years old and offspring 0–10 years old, and were categorised in tertiles. We performed logistic regression and mediation analyses for two-pollutant models (clustered by family and centre, stratified by parental lines, and adjusted for grandparental asthma and education). Maternal medium PM2.5 and PM10 exposure was associated with higher offspring asthma risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.23, 95%CI 1.32–3.78, OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.36–3.80), and paternal high BC exposure with lower asthma risk (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.11–0.87). Hay fever risk increased for offspring of fathers with medium O3 exposure (OR 4.15, 95%CI 1.28–13.50) and mothers with high PM10 exposure (OR 2.66, 95%CI 1.19–5.91). The effect of maternal PM10 exposure on offspring asthma was direct, while for hay fever, it was mediated through exposures in pregnancy and offspring’s own exposures. Paternal O3 exposure had a direct effect on offspring hay fever. To conclude, parental exposure to air pollution appears to influence the risk of asthma and allergies in future offspring.

ACS Style

Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper; Iana Markevych; Simone Accordini; Randi J. Bertelsen; Lennart Bråbäck; Jesper Heile Christensen; Bertil Forsberg; Thomas Halvorsen; Joachim Heinrich; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Mathias Holm; Kees De Hoogh; Christer Janson; Andrei Malinovschi; Alessandro Marcon; Torben Sigsgaard; Cecilie Svanes; Ane Johannessen. Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5828 .

AMA Style

Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper, Iana Markevych, Simone Accordini, Randi J. Bertelsen, Lennart Bråbäck, Jesper Heile Christensen, Bertil Forsberg, Thomas Halvorsen, Joachim Heinrich, Ole Hertel, Gerard Hoek, Mathias Holm, Kees De Hoogh, Christer Janson, Andrei Malinovschi, Alessandro Marcon, Torben Sigsgaard, Cecilie Svanes, Ane Johannessen. Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5828.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ingrid Nordeide Kuiper; Iana Markevych; Simone Accordini; Randi J. Bertelsen; Lennart Bråbäck; Jesper Heile Christensen; Bertil Forsberg; Thomas Halvorsen; Joachim Heinrich; Ole Hertel; Gerard Hoek; Mathias Holm; Kees De Hoogh; Christer Janson; Andrei Malinovschi; Alessandro Marcon; Torben Sigsgaard; Cecilie Svanes; Ane Johannessen. 2020. "Associations of Preconception Exposure to Air Pollution and Greenness with Offspring Asthma and Hay Fever." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5828.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2020 in Environment International
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The association between air pollution and mortality is well established, yet some uncertainties remain: there are few studies that account for road traffic noise exposure or that consider in detail the shape of the exposure–response function for cause-specific mortality outcomes, especially at low-levels of exposure. We examined the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter [(PM) with a diameter of 44 years) from the Danish Nurse Cohort, who were recruited in 1993 or 1999, and linked to the Danish Causes of Death Register for follow-up on date of death and its cause, until the end of 2013. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 at the participants’ residences since 1990 were estimated using the Danish DEHM/UBM/AirGIS dispersion model, and annual mean road traffic noise levels (Lden) were estimated using the Nord2000 model. We examined associations between the three-year running mean of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 with total and cause-specific mortality by using time-varying Cox Regression models, adjusting for individual characteristics and residential road traffic noise. During the study period, 3,708 nurses died: 843 from cardiovascular disease (CVD), 310 from respiratory disease (RD), and 64 from diabetes. In the fully adjusted models, including road traffic noise, we detected associations of three-year running mean of PM2.5 with total (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.06; 1.01–1.11), CVD (1.14; 1.03–1.26), and diabetes mortality (1.41; 1.05–1.90), per interquartile range of 4.39 μg/m3. In a subset of the cohort exposed to PM2.5 < 20 µg/m3, we found even stronger association with total (1.19; 1.11–1.27), CVD (1.27; 1.01–1.46), RD (1.27; 1.00–1.60), and diabetes mortality (1.44; 0.83–2.48). We found similar associations with PM10 and none with NO2. All associations were robust to adjustment for road traffic noise. Long-term exposure to low-levels of PM2.5 and PM10 is associated with total mortality, and mortality from CVD, RD, and diabetes. Associations were even stronger at the PM2.5 levels below EU limit values and were independent of road traffic noise.

ACS Style

Rina So; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Youn-Hee Lim; Amar J. Mehta; Heresh Amini; Laust H. Mortensen; Rudi Westendorp; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Jesper H. Christensen; Camilla Geels; Lise M. Frohn; Torben Sigsgaard; Elvira Bräuner; Steen Solvang Jensen; Claus Backalarz; Mette Kildevæld Simonsen; Steffen Loft; Tom Cole-Hunter; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. Long-term exposure to low levels of air pollution and mortality adjusting for road traffic noise: A Danish Nurse Cohort study. Environment International 2020, 143, 105983 .

AMA Style

Rina So, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Youn-Hee Lim, Amar J. Mehta, Heresh Amini, Laust H. Mortensen, Rudi Westendorp, Matthias Ketzel, Ole Hertel, Jørgen Brandt, Jesper H. Christensen, Camilla Geels, Lise M. Frohn, Torben Sigsgaard, Elvira Bräuner, Steen Solvang Jensen, Claus Backalarz, Mette Kildevæld Simonsen, Steffen Loft, Tom Cole-Hunter, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. Long-term exposure to low levels of air pollution and mortality adjusting for road traffic noise: A Danish Nurse Cohort study. Environment International. 2020; 143 ():105983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rina So; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Youn-Hee Lim; Amar J. Mehta; Heresh Amini; Laust H. Mortensen; Rudi Westendorp; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Jesper H. Christensen; Camilla Geels; Lise M. Frohn; Torben Sigsgaard; Elvira Bräuner; Steen Solvang Jensen; Claus Backalarz; Mette Kildevæld Simonsen; Steffen Loft; Tom Cole-Hunter; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. 2020. "Long-term exposure to low levels of air pollution and mortality adjusting for road traffic noise: A Danish Nurse Cohort study." Environment International 143, no. : 105983.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2020 in Atmosphere
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In this pilot study, low-cost air pollution sensor nodes were fitted in waste removal trucks, hospital vans and taxis to record drivers’ exposure to air pollution in Central London. Particulate matter (PM 2 . 5 and PM 10 ), CO 2 , NO 2 , temperature and humidity were recorded in real-time with nodes containing low-cost sensors, an electrochemical gas sensor for NO 2 , an optical particle counter for PM 2 . 5 and PM 10 and a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor for CO 2 , temperature and relative humidity. An intervention using a pollution filter to trap PM and NO 2 was also evaluated. The measurements were compared with urban background and roadside monitoring stations at Honor Oak Park and Marylebone Road, respectively. The vehicle records show PM and NO 2 concentrations similar to Marylebone Road and a higher NO 2 -to-PM ratio than at Honor Oak Park. Drivers are exposed to elevated pollution levels relative to Honor Oak Park: 1.72 μ g m − 3 , 1.92 μ g m − 3 and 58.38 ppb for PM 2 . 5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 , respectively. The CO 2 levels ranged from 410 to over 4000 ppm. There is a significant difference in average concentrations of PM 2 . 5 and PM 10 between the vehicle types and a non-significant difference in the average concentrations measured with and without the pollution filter within the sectors. In conclusion, drivers face elevated air pollution exposure as part of their jobs.

ACS Style

Louise Frederickson; Shanon Lim; Hugo Russell; Szymon Kwiatkowski; James Bonomaully; Johan Schmidt; Ole Hertel; Ian Mudway; Benjamin Barratt; Matthew Johnson. Monitoring Excess Exposure to Air Pollution for Professional Drivers in London Using Low-Cost Sensors. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 749 .

AMA Style

Louise Frederickson, Shanon Lim, Hugo Russell, Szymon Kwiatkowski, James Bonomaully, Johan Schmidt, Ole Hertel, Ian Mudway, Benjamin Barratt, Matthew Johnson. Monitoring Excess Exposure to Air Pollution for Professional Drivers in London Using Low-Cost Sensors. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (7):749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Louise Frederickson; Shanon Lim; Hugo Russell; Szymon Kwiatkowski; James Bonomaully; Johan Schmidt; Ole Hertel; Ian Mudway; Benjamin Barratt; Matthew Johnson. 2020. "Monitoring Excess Exposure to Air Pollution for Professional Drivers in London Using Low-Cost Sensors." Atmosphere 11, no. 7: 749.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2020 in Environment International
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Ambient air pollution has been linked to stroke, but few studies have examined in detail stroke subtypes and confounding by road traffic noise, which was recently associated with stroke. Here we examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of stroke (overall, ischemic, hemorrhagic), adjusting for road traffic noise. In a nationwide Danish Nurse Cohort consisting of 23,423 nurses, recruited in 1993 or 1999, we identified 1,078 incident cases of stroke (944 ischemic and 134 hemorrhagic) up to December 31, 2014, defined as first-ever hospital contact. The full residential address histories since 1970 were obtained for each participant and the annual means of air pollutants (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm and < 10 µm (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx)) and road traffic noise were determined using validated models. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) for the associations of one-, three, and 23-year running mean of air pollutants with stroke adjusting for potential confounders and noise. In fully adjusted models, the HRs (95% CI) per interquartile range increase in one-year running mean of PM2.5 and overall, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke were 1.12 (1.01–1.25), 1.13 (1.01–1.26), and 1.07 (0.80–1.44), respectively, and remained unchanged after adjustment for noise. Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 was associated with the risk of stroke independent of road traffic noise.

ACS Style

Heresh Amini; Christian Dehlendorff; Youn-Hee Lim; Amar Mehta; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Laust H. Mortensen; Rudi Westendorp; Barbara Hoffmann; Steffen Loft; Tom Cole-Hunter; Elvira Bräuner; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Steen Solvang Jensen; Jesper H. Christensen; Camilla Geels; Lise M. Frohn; Claus Backalarz; Mette K. Simonsen; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. Long-term exposure to air pollution and stroke incidence: A Danish Nurse cohort study. Environment International 2020, 142, 105891 .

AMA Style

Heresh Amini, Christian Dehlendorff, Youn-Hee Lim, Amar Mehta, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Laust H. Mortensen, Rudi Westendorp, Barbara Hoffmann, Steffen Loft, Tom Cole-Hunter, Elvira Bräuner, Matthias Ketzel, Ole Hertel, Jørgen Brandt, Steen Solvang Jensen, Jesper H. Christensen, Camilla Geels, Lise M. Frohn, Claus Backalarz, Mette K. Simonsen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. Long-term exposure to air pollution and stroke incidence: A Danish Nurse cohort study. Environment International. 2020; 142 ():105891.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heresh Amini; Christian Dehlendorff; Youn-Hee Lim; Amar Mehta; Jeanette Therming Jørgensen; Laust H. Mortensen; Rudi Westendorp; Barbara Hoffmann; Steffen Loft; Tom Cole-Hunter; Elvira Bräuner; Matthias Ketzel; Ole Hertel; Jørgen Brandt; Steen Solvang Jensen; Jesper H. Christensen; Camilla Geels; Lise M. Frohn; Claus Backalarz; Mette K. Simonsen; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen. 2020. "Long-term exposure to air pollution and stroke incidence: A Danish Nurse cohort study." Environment International 142, no. : 105891.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2020 in Environmental Research
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Natural environments have been associated with mental health benefits worldwide. However, how different elements and types of natural environments associate with mental health is still largely unknown. In this study, we perform a detailed analysis on a large, nation-wide data set of mental health records (908 553 individuals) for Denmark combined with remotely-sensed land cover and vegetation density data. We explore associations between growing up surrounded by different environments and rates of a spectrum of 18 psychiatric disorders. Childhood land cover exposure for urban, agricultural, near-natural green space, and blue space was determined around the residence of each individual. Vegetation density and air pollution were evaluated as potential pathways. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rates as hazard ratios and then adjusted for potential confounding from other known risk factors. For 12 of 18 disorders, rates were lower for children growing up in environments with more natural elements (near-natural green space, blue space, and agriculture) compared to children growing up in urban environments. High vegetation density was associated with lower rates for most disorders within all the examined environments, whereas mitigation of air pollution by natural environments seemed a less important potential pathway. Rates were not notably changed by adjustment for urbanization, parental and municipal socioeconomic status, family history of mental illness, and parents’ age. In conclusion, we found that growing up surrounded by a range of natural environments such as near-natural green space, blue space, and agriculture may lower rates of psychiatric disorders. Our results show the importance of ensuring access to natural environments from as nature-based solutions for improved public health and sustainable, livable cities.

ACS Style

Kristine Engemann; Jens-Christian Svenning; Lars Arge; Jørgen Brandt; Christian Erikstrup; Camilla Geels; Ole Hertel; Preben Bo Mortensen; Oleguer Plana-Ripoll; Constantinos Tsirogiannis; Clive E. Sabel; Torben Sigsgaard; Carsten Bøcker Pedersen. Associations between growing up in natural environments and subsequent psychiatric disorders in Denmark. Environmental Research 2020, 188, 109788 .

AMA Style

Kristine Engemann, Jens-Christian Svenning, Lars Arge, Jørgen Brandt, Christian Erikstrup, Camilla Geels, Ole Hertel, Preben Bo Mortensen, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Constantinos Tsirogiannis, Clive E. Sabel, Torben Sigsgaard, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen. Associations between growing up in natural environments and subsequent psychiatric disorders in Denmark. Environmental Research. 2020; 188 ():109788.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kristine Engemann; Jens-Christian Svenning; Lars Arge; Jørgen Brandt; Christian Erikstrup; Camilla Geels; Ole Hertel; Preben Bo Mortensen; Oleguer Plana-Ripoll; Constantinos Tsirogiannis; Clive E. Sabel; Torben Sigsgaard; Carsten Bøcker Pedersen. 2020. "Associations between growing up in natural environments and subsequent psychiatric disorders in Denmark." Environmental Research 188, no. : 109788.