Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious pulmonary vascular disease. Vascular remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, inflammation, and fibrosis are all major pathogenic mechanisms in PH. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs, about 20–24 nucleotides long, that play important regulatory roles in biological processes, and in recent years, miRNAs have been found to potentially play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of PH, and also serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for PH. However, there is still a long way to go from these experimental findings to their implementation in clinical practice. This study reviews the potential role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PH and suggests future applications of miRNAs in PH.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can activate multiple cell death pathways, leading to dysfunction of multiple organs. PANoptosis is a new inflammatory cell death form recently discovered and it is also an integrated cell death mode, which includes the features of pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis. Rather than a simple addition of these routes, PANoptosis is a special type of biology process with its own regulatory mechanism and plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence of IRI. The review focuses on the concept of PANoptosis, elaborating on its molecular mechanisms and detection methods, with a particular emphasis on exploring the regulatory networks of PANoptosis in various IRI. In addition, various potential treatment strategies targeting PANoptosis analyzed in depth, including small molecule inhibitors, natural products, gene intervention, and stem cell therapy. The overall goal is to clarify the importance of PANoptosis in the pathological mechanism of IRI and to explore the possibility of using it as a focus for clinical treatment.

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is an essential, dynamic multicellular unit that maintains the homeostasis and function of the brain, with the integrity of the NVU having a tremendous impact on the pathogenic progression of ischemic stroke (IS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of gene expression and promote intercellular communication and functional unity in the NVU. This narrative review assesses the regulatory process mediated by miRNAs that help maintain homeostasis of the NVU, particularly during IS, with particular emphasis on their modulation of tight-junction (TJ) proteins, basement membrane (BM) and glial–vascular. These regulatory actions are essential for blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuronal survival. The analysis also exposes the intercommunication networks established by key miRNAs between various cells of the NVU, highlighting their complex and dynamic regulatory properties. Moreover, it investigates therapeutic strategies predicated on miRNA regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the optimistic prospects as well as the present limitations pertaining to effective IS intervention.