Background: A new type of epileptogenic tumor, the polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young (PLNTY) was firstly reported by Jason T. Huse et al. at 2016. After that, only 1 case of PLNTY was reported by article. The radiological characteristics of PLNTY have not been concluded. The objective of our study was to report 3 cases of PLNTYs in details and to analyze the image characteristics and genetic alterations of PLNTYs by reviewing our cases and articles. Case presentation: There were 3 cases diagnosed as PLNTY by pathology in our hospital during the last 10 years, with the average age of 15. They were all suffered from different degrees of epilepsy. All of them underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and 2 of them underwent computer tomography (CT) imaging. The PLNTYs are all appearing as a solid or solid-cystic cortical mass with little mass effect and unclear boundary with normal brain tissue. They are all shown as hyperintensity in T2WI and iso−/hypointensity in T1WI with slight or no enhancement after contract enhanced in MR imaging. The “salt and pepper sign” in T2WI and grit calcification in CT images might be specific characteristics of PLNTY. All of them recovered after excision of the tumors. The gene tests revealed fibroblast growth factor receptors 3 (FGFR3)-TACC3 fusion and FGFR3 amplification in one case, and the B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) V600E mutation in another case. Conclusion: In the image, the partial ill-marginated cortical mass with “salt and pepper sign” in T2WI or grit calcification in CT imaging might be the typical imaging characteristics of PLNTY. We also prove that the BRAF V600E mutation as well as the FGFR2 and FGFR3 have a close relationship with PLNTY.

Hemolymphangioma is a rare vascular developmental error. It comprises malformed venous and lymphatic component in various proportion. To the best of our knowledge, only a few cases have been reported in the literature so far. Here, we report a case of huge intraperitoneal cystic mass in a 3-year-old boy that was presented to hospital with intractable abdominal pain. On examination, he had fever along with associated symptoms like cough and sputum. Abdomen was distended with no tenderness or rebound tenderness. On computed tomography scan, huge cystic mass was seen and was diagnosed as intraperitoneal benign cystic lesion. Excisional surgery of the lesion was planned. On surgery, lesion was found to be originated from greater omentum and no adhesion was seen in surrounding tissue. Complete excision of the lesion was done. Histopathological specimen after surgery suggested it to be hemolymphangioma. Follow-up for 6 months showed no recurrence.Hemolymphangioma of the greater omentum is benign tumor and accurate diagnosis before surgery is still a challenge. Presentation of disease may vary from simple well-defined cystic lesion to aggressive ill-defined lesion mimicking malignancy. Therefore, further research is needed to help doctor with preoperative radiological diagnosis and avoid unnecessary radical surgery.

Epithelioid hemangioedothelioma (EHE) is a rare vascular tumor characterized by neoplastic proliferation of epithelioid or histiocytoid epithelial cells. EHE of bone constitutes <1% of primary malignant bone tumor. EHE in the skull is an extremely rare case. Here, we report a case of multiple neoplasm of the skull in a 15-month-old boy who presented with gradual facial swelling for 2 months. On computed tomography (CT) scan, multiple irregular osteolytic lesions were seen on the right maxillary, sphenoid, left zygoma, and roof of the left orbit. Excisional surgery of the lesion was planned. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of excised specimen suggest it to be epithelioid hemangioedothelioma. Follow-up for 6 months showed no recurrence. Epithelioid hemangioedothelioma is a locally aggressive tumor with metastatic potential. CT imaging could help in assessment of lesion, but final diagnosis is possible only with histopathology. Complete surgical resection at the early stage of the disease is the most effective treatment with better prognosis.

Background: The causal roles and interactions of inflammatory cytokines and metabolic reprogramming in serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) remain unclear. This study explored their relationships using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: In this two‐sample MR analysis, GWAS data of inflammatory cytokines and blood metabolites were used as exposures, and SOC from the FinnGen consortium served as the outcome. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary MR method, supplemented by MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Two‐step mediation MR was applied to evaluate whether specific metabolites mediated the effect of inflammatory cytokines on SOC. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests, were conducted to assess robustness. Results: Five inflammatory cytokines were identified as risk factors for SOC: CSF1 (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.17–2.43), CXCL1 (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.93), IL‐20 (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.03–3.35), IL‐8 (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.08–2.39), and VEGF‐A (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00–1.54). Furthermore, 1‐Palmitoyl‐GPG (16:0) potentially mediates the relationship between IL‐8 and SOC, explaining ~10% of the total effect. No pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected. Conclusions: This two‐sample MR study provides preliminary genetic evidence that inflammatory cytokines contribute to SOC risk, with lipid metabolism partially mediating IL‐8 effects. These findings highlight the interplay between inflammation and metabolism in SOC pathogenesis and suggest potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Due to limited sample sizes and European‐only ancestry datasets, these findings require validation in larger, multi‐ancestry cohorts.