Türkiye, uzun yıllardır enflasyon ile mücadele eden ülkeler arasında yer almakta olup enflasyon tarım sektörünü de etkisi altına almaktadır. Enflasyonun etkisini anlamak ve dolayısıyla Sektörler arasındaki kaynak transferinin durumu ve yönünün yıllar itibariyle belirlenmesi açısından iç ticaret hadleri önem taşımaktadır. İç ticaret hadleri, tarım sektöründen tarım dışı sektörlere kaynak aktarımını göstermektedir. Böyle bu yöntemle, sektörel olarak ekonomik refah değişmelerini takip etmek ve tarım kesiminin satın alma gücündeki değişiklikleri anlamak mümkün olmaktadır. İç ticaret hadlerinin tarımın aleyhine gelişmesi tarımın diğer sektörler tarafından vergilenmesini, lehine gerçekleşmesi ise tarım dışı sektörlerden tarıma kaynak aktarımını göstermektedir. Sektörler arası fiyat değişimleri ve seyri, tarım politikaları kapsamında desteklemelerin ve teşviklerin belirlenmesini de etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de 2003-2017 döneminde domateste iç ticaret hadlerini hesaplayarak üreticilerinin satın alma gücünü hesaplamak ve yorumlamak amaçlanmıştır. İç ticaret hadleri net değişim hadleri kapsamında; domates üretim girdi fiyatları, çiftçi eline geçen fiyat ve tüketici fiyat indeksine göre 2003 yılı baz alınarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada, incelenen dönem içerisinde tarım ticaret hadleri üretici lehine seyir izlemesine rağmen domates üreticisi için aleyhine bir seyir izlemiştir. Bu durum çiftçi ürettiği tarımsal üründen eline geçen fiyatlar ile daha az tarım dışı mal ve hizmet alabileceği anlamına gelmektedir.

Agriculture plays a leading role in the economic growth and development process. Ensuring the continuity of production depends on the purchasing power of the producers. The sustainability of production and the development of the rural welfare index in favor of the producers will increase the driving role of the agricultural sector, which is also a resource for other sectors. This study determined the variables affecting the Domestic Terms of Trade of the greenhouse tomato producers in Antalya, Türkiye. The product price has been determined as the major factor affecting the Domestic Terms of Trade. In addition, it was concluded that a one-unit increase in the product price increases the Domestic Terms of Trade by 34.99 units. Interviews revealed that the continuity of consumption needs is more important than the continuity of production. It has been determined that the high and variable input costs cause erosion in the incomes of the producers. Agricultural policies will be more effective both in the short and long term when the aim is to improve the welfare and purchasing power of producers, rather than intervening in agricultural prices or reducing prices.

Regarding the regulation of waste, many policies and legal rules exist throughout the world. However, people often see the effort and money spent on “waste” as a “wasted resource” ironically. Waste is generated in every sector where production exists, and agriculture is one of them. The agricultural sector faces various challenges related to different types of waste. Especially, intensive agricultural systems like greenhouses have a more complex structure in waste classification. This study aims to draw attention to economic and social factors and focuses on behaviors and trends in waste management. Its original value is the evaluation of the factors affecting the waste management preferences of the producers. Within the scope of the research, a survey was conducted with 250 tomato producers selected by sampling in Antalya and its districts. Willingness to Pay (WTP), one of the contingent valuation methods, was applied for the research method, and bivariate probit models were used for the econometric model. As a result of the field study conducted with the producers, it was analyzed how demographic and socio-economic variables affect WTP and WTP amount. Additionally, as well as the waste disposal preferences of producers, waste types generated by agricultural production and how they are treated are also discussed.

Agricultural wastes are highly significant, both economically and environmentally. This study, is intended to raise awareness of economic and social issues that are concentrated upon these attitudes and inclinations of waste producers. In this case study, it was found that vegetable waste was the most common type of waste generated. It was found that producers prefer to give whatever they can sell to the scrap dealer, and they mostly incinerate empty manure packages. While vegetable waste is buried in the soil after harvest, it has been discovered that the rope used in tomato production generates the highest amount of waste. In the 250 holdings selected for research, 13.6% of the nylons to be disposed of are thrown in the trash, 33.2% are sent for recycling, 6.4% are incinerated, 0.8% are buried in the ground, 4% are taken out of the holding area, 0.4% are left inside the holding area, 2% are reused, and 39.6% are scrapped. Producers stated that they want to evaluate agricultural wastes, but this requires extra time and labor. In the field study, 78% of respondents agreed with the statement “disposal of agricultural wastes inside the holding area is a time-consuming process.”