In this study, hydroxy benzoin ( 1-7 ), benzil ( 8-14 ), and benzoin/benzil-O-β-D-glucosides ( 15-25 ) were synthesized to investigate their biological activities. An efficient method for synthesizing hydroxy benzoin compounds ( 1 - 7 ) was prepared from four different benzaldehydes using an ultrasonic bath. Then, antioxidant (FRAP, CUPRAC, and DPPH), antimicrobial (3 Gram (-), 4/6 Gram (+), one tuberculosis and one fungus), and enzyme inhibition (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholine esterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α- glucosidase) for the all synthesized compounds ( 1-25 ) were evaluated. And also, four most active compounds ( 4 , 12 , 18a+b , and 25 ) from each group were evaluated to the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and anticancer screening tests against the human retinal normal cell line (RPE). Compound 4 showed HeLa and RPE cancer cell activities as much as cisplatin. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (NMR, FT-IR, UV, LC-QTOF-MS) and the ACD NMR program’s help.

Herbs are widely used in the treatment of diseases as colds, infections, and cancer. In this work, we evaluate Alcea calvertii, which is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Malvaceae family. It spreads in Anatolia and Mediterranean region and has important uses in terms of ethnobotany. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic potentials and to investigate the antioxidant activities of methanol, water, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts of Alcea calvertii. For that, the antioxidant activity of Alcea calvertii was determined by four different methods [total phenolic content (TPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), copper reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxicity potential of extracts was assessed in the human lung cancer cell line (A549) by MTT assay. It was observed that the highest antioxidant activity was in the methanol extract and the antioxidant activity increased with increasing extract concentration; The TPC values were between 62.5 - 414.6 GAE µg mL-1, the FRAP values were between 115.7 - 1321.4 µM Trolox equivalent g-1, CUPRAC values were between 177.1 - 1321.4 µM Trolox equivalent g-1, and IC50 values in DPPH determination were between 0.0089 - 3.5370 mg mL-1. The extracts caused cytotoxicity in a concentration dependent manner, the IC50 values were calculated to be between 36.8 - 62.64 µg mL-1. It is concluded that Alcea calvertii could be an important herb in developing new drugs.

Coffee has been drunk for millennia due to its taste and health benefits. High levels of polyphenols, and especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, are found in coffee and contribute significantly to its flavor and health-giving properties. In this study the total phenolic contents, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibition of green coffee, and Turkish traditional coffee extracts were evaluated. Antioxidant activities of the coffees were examined by two different methods, radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Total phenolic contents were estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent as the gallic acid equivalent. The phenolic profiles were investigated by means of reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). At the same time, tyrosinase enzyme inhibition of extracts has also been worked. The extracts exhibited high levels of antioxidant activities associated with significant antioxidant compound contents. It was determined that the samples contain chlorogenic acid and benzoic acid in the RP-HPLC analysis. It was determined that green coffee extract exhibited tyrosinase enzyme inhibition as effective as kojic acid. The results show that green coffee especially from coffees can be regarded as a potential source of antioxidant compounds and tyrosinase inhibitors of significance in both the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Trachystemon orientalis (L.) D.Don is a perennial herb extensively utilized for culinary purposes and the treatment of numerous ailments. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, and coronary heart disease. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) and cholesterol esterase (CE) aims to mitigate problems associated with lipid metabolism disorders by decreasing hyperlipidemia. In this context, enhancing antioxidant capability is an additional objective. This study assessed the PL and CE inhibitory actions of extracts and compounds from the aerial parts of T. orientalis, utilizing ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays to measure antioxidant capabilities. Rosmarinic acid, a combination of rosmarinic acid and danshensu (phenolic acids), and β-sitosterol (phytosterol) were isolated. β-sitosterol (IC₅₀: 41.698 ± 1.982 µg/mL, 14.249 ± 1.209 µg/mL, respectively) followed by rosmarinic acid (IC₅₀: 48.213 ± 2.490 µg/mL, 21.941 ± 3.785 µg/mL, respectively) demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on PL and CE. Additionally, rosmarinic acid (FRAP: 1274.400 ± 1.633 µM TEAC, CUPRAC: 1801.389 ± 5.500 µM TEAC) and its combination with danshensu (FRAP: 1405.067 ± 4.491, CUPRAC: 2174.167 ± 9.647 µM TEAC) exhibited high antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate subextract (TOE) from which rosmarinic acid was isolated showed considerable enzyme inhibitory (IC₅₀: 47.577 ± 0.931 µg/mL, 12.443 ± 1.233 µg/mL, for PL and CE inhibition, respectively) and antioxidant activity (FRAP: 1770.021 ± 4.583, CUPRAC: 2189.167 ± 5.401 µM TEAC). T. orientalis has been identified as a promising natural resource for the management of lipid metabolism-related disorders and for enhancing antioxidant activity.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to specify the antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and phenolic contents of Ornithogalum pyrenaicum. Methods: The antioxidant capacity of O. pyrenaicum was determined by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and ferric reduction antioxidant power by FRAP method. The total phenolic content (TPC) was of the samples was determined using spectrophotometric method. The phenolic contents the samples were analyzed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antimicrobial activity was researched on 9 microorganism by agar diffusion method. Results: As a result of the study, high phenolic contents and strong antioxidant capacitiy were observed. Phenolic compounds were detected as p-coumaric acid and benzoic acid. Additionally, it was determined that O. pyrenacium had considerable antimicrobial activity on Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus and moderate activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Conclusion: In conclusion, O. pyrenaicum extract could be evaluated in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential and phenolic compounds.