This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Unclaimed
Petri Kärenlampi
Lehtoi Research, FIN-81235 Lehtoi, Finland

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In this study, the capital return rate and carbon storage on forest estates with three boreal tree species are discussed. A growth model is applied, along with verified yield models of sawlogs and veneer logs. Using the normal forest principle, thinning schedules and rotation ages maximizing the estate-level capital return rate are clarified. Regeneration expenses are amortized at the end of any rotation. Capitalizations are greater and rotations longer than in recent studies. The capital return rate is a weak function of initial stem count and rotation age but differs by tree species. The initial stem count strongly contributes to biomass stored in trees. Omission of thinnings increases carbon storage very effectively but requires financial compensation. The most promising way of increasing the capital return rate is the reduction of regeneration expenses. Thinnings are triggered by stand volumes of at least 200 m3/ha. The average commercial trunk volume of trees removed in thinnings always exceeds 200 L. Risk aversion theory proposes short rotations and low stem count in seedling planting unless carbon storage compensation exists. Even a small carbon storage compensation justifies increased seedling counts and extended rotations.

ACS Style

Petri Kärenlampi. Capital Return Rate and Carbon Storage on Forest Estates of Three Boreal Tree Species. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6675 .

AMA Style

Petri Kärenlampi. Capital Return Rate and Carbon Storage on Forest Estates of Three Boreal Tree Species. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri Kärenlampi. 2021. "Capital Return Rate and Carbon Storage on Forest Estates of Three Boreal Tree Species." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6675.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

A “normal forest”, an idealized estate with a uniform distribution of stand ages, can be used in the study of sustainable management practices. As the normal forest contains a variety of stand ages, the characteristics of the stands can be represented in terms of a “normal stand”, with properties known as a function of age. This paper takes seven never-thinned stands as seven “normal stands”, which describe seven estates of normal forest. The intention is to study the robustness of carbon storage microeconomics to varying estate characteristics. It was found that the economically optimal rotation ages vary. The state sums of volume and capitalization, corresponding to any optimal rotation, also vary significantly. Growth rates vary more than the optimal expected stand volumes. Consequently, any excess volume related to carbon storage adds on to an almost unified basic volume. For all seven normal estates, the most economical way of increasing carbon storage is to increase the size of trees retained in thinning from above.

ACS Style

Petri Kärenlampi. Diversity of Carbon Storage Economics in Fertile Boreal Spruce (Picea Abies) Estates. Sustainability 2021, 13, 560 .

AMA Style

Petri Kärenlampi. Diversity of Carbon Storage Economics in Fertile Boreal Spruce (Picea Abies) Estates. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri Kärenlampi. 2021. "Diversity of Carbon Storage Economics in Fertile Boreal Spruce (Picea Abies) Estates." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 560.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2020 in Forests
Reads 0
Downloads 0

An empirical model for log yield from trees is established and applied in microeconomics of carbon storage in a boreal spruce estate. The transition from pulpwood to sawlogs is a smoother function of stem diameter in the empirical data, in comparison to literature values. Correspondingly, the value transition of trees along with increasing size is gentler. Due to price premiums of sawlogs from clearcuttings, all economically feasible treatment schedules terminate in clearcutting. Best capital return rates are gained with two heavy thinnings from above before clearcutting. Present carbon emission prices allow moderate carbon storage increment if the increment is compensated by proportional carbon rent. Doubling the present carbon prices would allow strong carbon storage increments if compensated by carbon rent. Application of nonproportional carbon rent is proposed.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics. Forests 2020, 11, 1312 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics. Forests. 2020; 11 (12):1312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2020. "The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics." Forests 11, no. 12: 1312.

Preprint
Published: 13 November 2020
Reads 0
Downloads 0

An empirical model for log yield from trees is established and applied in microeconomics of carbon storage in a boreal spruce estate. The transition from pulpwood to sawlogs is a smoother function of stem diameter in the empirical data, in comparison to literature values. Correspondingly, the value transition of trees along with increasing size is gentler. Due to price premium of sawlogs from clearcuttings, all economically feasible treatment schedules terminate in clearcutting. Best capital return rates are gained with two heavy thinnings from above before clearcutting. Present carbon emission prices allow moderate carbon storage increment if the increment is compensated by proportional carbon rent. Doubling the present carbon prices would allow strong carbon storage increments if compensated by carbon rent. Application of nonproportional carbon rent is proposed.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2020. "The Effect of Empirical Log Yield Observations on Carbon Storage Economics." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2020 in Forests
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The expense of carbon sequestration in terms of capital return deficiency is investigated at estate level, in the case of a fertile boreal estate dominated by spruce forest. Thinnings from below result as a high expense of increased rotation age, thinnings from above as a small expense. The expense of increased timber stock is greater than any proportional carbon rent based on present carbon prices. Application of nonproportional carbon rent is proposed.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Estate-Level Economics of Carbon Storage and Sequestration. Forests 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Estate-Level Economics of Carbon Storage and Sequestration. Forests. 2020; 11 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2020. "Estate-Level Economics of Carbon Storage and Sequestration." Forests 11, no. 6: 1.

Preprint
Published: 22 April 2020
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The expense of carbon sequestration in terms of capital return deficiency is investigated at estate level, in the case of a fertile boreal estate dominated by spruce forest. Thinnings from below result as a high expense of increased rotation age, thinnings from above as a small expense. The expense of increased timber stock is greater than any proportional carbon rent based on present carbon prices. Application of non-proportional carbon rent is proposed.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Carbon forestry compensation on estate level. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Carbon forestry compensation on estate level. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2020. "Carbon forestry compensation on estate level." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2019 in Heliyon
Reads 0
Downloads 0

A capital return rate function for growth processes is introduced and applied to financial considerations in periodically growing multiannual plants. The capital return rate function is composed of a momentary capital return function, a probability density function in the time domain, and their integration over time or age. It is shown that the expected value of capital return rate within a single stand equals momentary capital return rate within an estate, integrated over an even distribution of stand ages. We distribute the capitalization to operative and non-operative capitalization. In the case of a low non-operative capitalization, financially sound operations favor relatively small amount of operative capital. In the case of a high, but constant non-operative capitalization, optimal practices correspond to those resulting in maximum sustainable yield. Appreciating non-operative capitalization favors small operative capitalization. Optimal rotation and operative capitalization are weak functions of increasing level of non-operative capitalization, even if they are strong functions of its increment rate. It is argued that large but non-appreciating non-operative capitalization, favoring practices corresponding to maximum sustainable yield, would not appear frequently. In summary, it is found that appreciation of non-operative capitalization dominates financially sustainable management practices.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. The effect of capitalization on financial return in periodic growth. Heliyon 2019, 5, e02728 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. The effect of capitalization on financial return in periodic growth. Heliyon. 2019; 5 (10):e02728.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2019. "The effect of capitalization on financial return in periodic growth." Heliyon 5, no. 10: e02728.

Research article
Published: 18 October 2019 in PLOS ONE
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The rate of wealth accumulation is discussed, and an expression for a momentary rate of capital return is presented. An expected value of the wealth accumulation rate is produced. The return rates depend on any yield function. Three different yield functions are applied, two of them published in the literature, and a third one parametrized using a comprehensive growth model. A common economic objective function, as well as a third known objective function, are applied and compared with the clarified wealth accumulation rate. While direct optimization of wealth appreciation rate always yields best results, procedures gained by maximizing the internal rate of return are only slightly inferior. With external discounting interest rate, the maximization of net present value yields arbitrary results, the financial consequences being at worst devastating.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Wealth accumulation in rotation forestry – Failure of the net present value optimization? PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0222918 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Wealth accumulation in rotation forestry – Failure of the net present value optimization? PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (10):e0222918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2019. "Wealth accumulation in rotation forestry – Failure of the net present value optimization?" PLOS ONE 14, no. 10: e0222918.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2019 in Agricultural Finance Review
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a capital return rate function for growth processes, and apply it to financial sustainability considerations in growing multiannual plants. Design/methodology/approach A partition function of change rate of capitalization is introduced, as well as that of capitalization itself, and the expected value of capital return rate is produced as the ratio of the two functions. Findings Financial sustainability significantly differs from maximum-yield sustainability, and does not depend on any external interest rate. Research limitations/implications It is proposed that financial considerations should not be based on any arbitrary external interest. Neither should the shape of any yield function be neglected. Constancy of capital return rate in time is not assumed. Practical implications Two forestry examples show that the capital return rate is sensitive to rotation time, and in particular to the level of initial investment. The proposed procedure can be applied in the absence of periodic boundary conditions in time. Originality/value The methodology has not been applied in this field previously.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. State-space approach to capital return in nonlinear growth processes. Agricultural Finance Review 2019, ahead-of-p, 1 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. State-space approach to capital return in nonlinear growth processes. Agricultural Finance Review. 2019; ahead-of-p (ahead-of-p):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2019. "State-space approach to capital return in nonlinear growth processes." Agricultural Finance Review ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p: 1.

Original paper
Published: 18 May 2019 in Journal of Forestry Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

We present stationarity criteria for forest stands, and establish embodiments using a Norwegian empirical stand development model. The natural stationary states only slightly differ from the outcome of long-term simulations previously implemented using the same empirical model. Human interference in terms of diameter-limit cutting is introduced. Consequently, stationary states differing from the natural one appear. Standing volume, growth and monetary value appear low but the financial return rate may be significant. Volume yield and financial return clearly contradict each other, the former arising from harvesting large trees, the latter from frequent removal of small trees. An exponential tree size distribution does not appear to comply with the stationarity criterion.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Spruce forest stands in a stationary state. Journal of Forestry Research 2019, 30, 1167 -1178.

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Spruce forest stands in a stationary state. Journal of Forestry Research. 2019; 30 (4):1167-1178.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2019. "Spruce forest stands in a stationary state." Journal of Forestry Research 30, no. 4: 1167-1178.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2019 in Forests
Reads 0
Downloads 0

One can suspect that capital return rate in forestry can be maximized by growing trees experiencing a value-adding assortment transition. Such a situation may or may not endure. We investigate the financial feasibility of a few harvesting schedules for a semi-shade-tolerant tree species. Some example stands have experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others have experienced young stand cleaning only. High thinning is computationally combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using an applicable growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to a reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated show a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below has been apparently ruined by that treatment.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Harvesting Design by Capital Return. Forests 2019, 10, 283 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Harvesting Design by Capital Return. Forests. 2019; 10 (3):283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2019. "Harvesting Design by Capital Return." Forests 10, no. 3: 283.

Preprint
Published: 01 February 2019
Reads 0
Downloads 0

We investigate financial feasibility of a few thinning schedules for spruce stands. Some example stands have previously experienced commercial low thinning, whereas others young stand cleaning only. High thinning is combined with quality thinning, and further growth of trees is estimated using a Norwegian growth model. High capital return rates are gained by diameter-limit cutting to the transition diameter between pulpwood and sawlogs. Repeated thinnings lead to reduction in the capitalization during several decades, the system approaching a stationary state. The transient forest stands investigated shown a significant excess capital return, in relation to the stationary state, and this excess return is due to transient tree size distribution. Correspondingly, capital return rate gained in rotation forestry is somewhat higher than that of stationary continuous-cover forestry, and the volumetric yield is much higher. The productive capacity of stands previously thinned from below apparently has been ruined by that treatment.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Thinning Schedules for Spruce Stands. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Thinning Schedules for Spruce Stands. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2019. "Thinning Schedules for Spruce Stands." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2018 in Sustainability
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Here, we present stationarity criteria for forest stands and establish ecological embodiments using an empirical stand development model. We introduced human interference in terms of diameter-limit cutting. Financial sustainability was investigated as a function of the cutting limit diameter. It was found that nonoperative capitalization along with its appreciation rate dictates the sustainability of management practices. In the absence of nonoperative capitalization, stationary forestry produces high capital return rates at a rather small volume of growing trees. In the case of large but constant nonoperative capitalization, a large operative capitalization resulting in a large harvesting yield provides the best capital returns. A high nonoperative appreciation rate requires a small volume of growing trees.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Stationary Forestry with Human Interference. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3662 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Stationary Forestry with Human Interference. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3662.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2018. "Stationary Forestry with Human Interference." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3662.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2017 in Journal of Complex Networks
Reads 0
Downloads 0

We present a probabilistic model for network growth with preferential attachment and self-attractivity. Instead of connecting to a predetermined number of existing nodes, any new node makes a finite number of attempts to connect to previous ones, any trial having a finite probability of success. We find a percolation phase transition which significantly differs from that of related models. Node degree distribution appears scale-free for large degrees, the exponent depending on system connectivity. Cluster size distribution becomes scale-free at the phase transition. Cluster diameter in percolating clusters increases logarithmically with cluster size, but becomes a power-law function at the phase transition. Counted number of boxes becomes exponentially reduced with box size, indicating non-fractal cluster geometry in the connected phase. The geometry however becomes fractal at the phase transition, with power-law exponent 2.

ACS Style

Fanyou Wu; Petri P Kärenlampi. Phase transition in a growing network. Journal of Complex Networks 2017, 6, 788 -799.

AMA Style

Fanyou Wu, Petri P Kärenlampi. Phase transition in a growing network. Journal of Complex Networks. 2017; 6 (5):788-799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanyou Wu; Petri P Kärenlampi. 2017. "Phase transition in a growing network." Journal of Complex Networks 6, no. 5: 788-799.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Heliyon
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The random-neighbor version of the Bak-Sneppen biological evolution model is reproduced, along with an analogous model of random replicators, the latter eventually experiencing topology changes. In the absence of topology changes, both types of models self-organize to a critical state. Species extinctions in the replicator system degenerates the self-organization to a random walk, as does vanishing of species interaction for the BS-model. A replicator model with speciation is introduced, experiencing dramatic topology changes. It produces a variety of features, but self-organizes to a possibly critical state only in a few special cases. Speciation-extinction dynamics interfering with self-organization, biological macroevolution probably is not a self-organized critical system.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Evolution models with extremal dynamics. Heliyon 2016, 2, e00144 .

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Evolution models with extremal dynamics. Heliyon. 2016; 2 (8):e00144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2016. "Evolution models with extremal dynamics." Heliyon 2, no. 8: e00144.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2014 in The European Physical Journal E
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The evolution of an incompletely connected system of species with speciation and extinction is investigated in terms of random replicators. It is found that evolving random replicator systems with speciation do become large and complex, depending on speciation parameters. Antisymmetric interactions result in large systems, whereas systems with symmetric interactions remain small. A co-dominating feature is within-species interaction pressure: large within-species interaction increases species diversity. Average fitness evolves in all systems, however symmetry and connectivity evolve in small systems only. Newcomers get extinct almost immediately in symmetric systems. The distribution in species lifetimes is determined for antisymmetric systems. The replicator systems investigated do not show any sign of self-organized criticality. The generalized Lotka-Volterra system is shown to be a tedious way of implementing the replicator system.

ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Symmetry of interactions rules in incompletely connected random replicator ecosystems. The European Physical Journal E 2014, 37, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Symmetry of interactions rules in incompletely connected random replicator ecosystems. The European Physical Journal E. 2014; 37 (6):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2014. "Symmetry of interactions rules in incompletely connected random replicator ecosystems." The European Physical Journal E 37, no. 6: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 19 April 2012 in Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Species extinction in finite replicator systems. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012, 106, 689 -697.

AMA Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. Species extinction in finite replicator systems. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2012; 106 (3):689-697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Petri P. Kärenlampi. 2012. "Species extinction in finite replicator systems." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 106, no. 3: 689-697.