Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease with a high rate of progression to critical illness. However, the predictors of mortality in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are not yet well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with ICU mortality in our hospital. In this single-centered retrospective study, we enrolled 86 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to ICU of Dokuz Eylul University Hospital (Izmir, Turkey) between 18 March 2020 and 31 October 2020. Data on demographic information, preexisting comorbidities, treatments, the laboratory findings at ICU admission and clinical outcomes were collected. The chest computerized tomography (CT) of the patients were evaluated specifically for COVID-19 and CT score was calculated. Data of the survivors and nonsurvivors were compared with survival analysis to identify risk factors of mortality in the ICU. The mean age of the patients was 71.1±14.1 years. The patients were predominantly male. The most common comorbidity in patients was hypertension. ICU mortality was 62.8%. Being over 60 years old, CT score > 15, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score ? 15, having dementia, treatment without favipiravir, base excess in blood gas analysis ? -2.0, WBC > 10000/mm³, D-dimer > 1.6 ug/mL, troponin > 24 ng/L, Na ? 145 mmol/L were considered to link with ICU mortality according to Kaplan-Meier curves (log-rank test, p<0.05). APACHE II score (HR:1.055, 95%CI: 1.021-1.090) and chest CT score (HR:2.411, 95%CI:1.193-4.875) were associated with ICU mortality in the cox proportional-hazard regression model adjusted for age, dementia, favipiravir treatment and troponin. Howewer, no difference was found between survivors and nonsurvivors in terms of intubation timing. COVID-19 patients have a high ICU admission and mortality rate. Studies in the ICU are also crucial in this respect. In our study, we investigated the ICU mortality risk factors of COVID-19 patients. We determined a predictive mortality model consisting of APACHE II score and chest CT score. It was thought that this feasible and practical model would assist in making clinical decisions.

There are limited data on the long-term outcomes of COVID-19 from different parts of the world. To determine risk factors of 90-day mortality in critically ill patients in Turkish intensive care units (ICUs), with respiratory failure. Retrospective, observational cohort. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and who had been followed up in the ICUs with respiratory failure for more than 24 hours were included in the study. Their demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory variables, treatment protocols, and survival data were recorded. A total of 421 patients were included. The median age was 67 (IQR: 57-76) years, and 251 patients (59.6%) were men. The 90-day mortality rate was 55.1%. The factors independently associated with 90-day mortality were invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (HR 4.09 [95% CI: [2.20-7.63], P < .001), lactate level >2 mmol/L (2.78 [1.93-4.01], P < .001), age ≥60 years (2.45 [1.48-4.06)], P < .001), cardiac arrhythmia during ICU stay (2.01 [1.27-3.20], P = .003), vasopressor treatment (1.94 [1.32-2.84], P = .001), positive fluid balance of ≥600 mL/day (1.68 [1.21-2.34], P = .002), PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio of ≤150 mmHg (1.66 [1.18-2.32], P = .003), and ECOG score ≥1 (1.42 [1.00-2.02], P = .050). Long-term mortality was high in critically ill patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care units in Turkey. Invasive mechanical ventilation, lactate level, age, cardiac arrhythmia, vasopressor therapy, positive fluid balance, severe hypoxemia and ECOG score were the independent risk factors for 90-day mortality.

Evaluating disease severity and predicting adverse outcomes using various risk prediction tools in early disease stages is essential to reduce sepsis-related mortality. Unfortunately, there is still no clear consensus on the best score. The present study aimed to develop and validate a multivariable risk prediction model for 30-days mortality by combining the lactate-to-albumin (L/A) ratio, Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This retrospective study included ICU patients with suspected sepsis. We computed L/A ratio, MEWS, and qSOFA within 24 hours of ICU admission. Patients were followed until either death/hospital discharge or 30 days, whichever came first. The predictive performance of each scoring system and their combinations was assessed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. A total of 130 patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU were included in the study. The mortality rate was 63.07% (82/130). A higher L/A ratio, MEWS, and qSOFA were found to be associated with mortality in ICU sepsis patients. A statistically significant difference in terms of predicting mortality was demonstrated in the pairwise comparison after combining the L/A ratio with both the qSOFA and MEWS (difference between areas: −0.098, P = .011 and difference between areas: −0.098, P = .013 respectively). Mortality models combining L/A ratio with selected clinical variables have improved mortality prediction performance compared with models that use MEWS and qSOFA alone. The L/A ratio at ICU admission provide valuable prognostic information for predicting 30-days mortality in sepsis patients. Combining these ratio with MEWS and qSOFA improves the accuracy of predicting mortality in patients with sepsis.

Sepsis secondary to pneumonia is a prominent cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and mortality among older adults, yet early bedside risk stratification poses significant challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) and the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), both individually and in combination, alongside admission serum lactate levels, for predicting mortality in geriatric ICU patients with pneumonia-related sepsis. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we analyzed patients aged 65 years and older who were admitted between January 1, 2020, and July 1, 2025. Sepsis was defined according to Sepsis-3 criteria; APACHE II (using the worst values within the first 24 hours) and NEWS (measured at ICU admission) were recorded, along with the first lactate and other biomarkers obtained within the first 24 hours. We assessed mortality predictors using logistic regression and evaluated model discrimination through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Among the 179 patients (median age 80), the ICU mortality rate was 64.8%. Non-survivors exhibited significantly higher APACHE II and NEWS scores, as well as elevated lactate and inflammatory markers (all p<0.001). In multivariable analysis, APACHE II (OR 1.130; p21 with NEWS >8 or lactate >2 mmol/L), with mortality rates approximating 86–87%. In conclusion, APACHE II and NEWS are robust early predictors of mortality in geriatric patients with pneumonia-related sepsis, while lactate may assist in early risk stratification but provides limited prognostic value beyond these scoring systems.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the impact of malnutrition and frailty on morbidity and mortality in geriatric patients in the internal intensive care unit. Materials and Method: The study is prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional in design, conducted at intensive care unit. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, clinical evaluations, and laboratory parameters are recorded for each patient. Various nutritional screening tools such as the modified NUTRIC score, Subjective Global Assessment, Nutritional Risk Screening, Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form, and frailty assessment scales like Edmonton Frailty Scale and Clinical Frailty Scale are used. Results: The patients were divided into two groups: survivors and non-survivors. The mean Nutritional Risk Screening -2002 score was 5.20±0.70 for the survivors group and 6.15±0.57 for the non-survivors group (p<0.001). The mean Mini Nutritional Assessment - Short Form score was 8.20±0.82 for the survivors group and 6.46±1.02 for the non-survivors group (p<0.001). According to the modified NUTRIC score, 40 patients (97.6%) in the non-survivors group were at high risk of malnutrition (p<0.001). According to the Edmonton Frailty Score, in the non-survivors group, 1 patient (2.4%) was classified as light frail, 21 patients (51.2%) as mild frail, and 19 patients (46.3%) as severe frail (p<0.001). The mean Clinical Frailty Score was 5.89±0.99 for the survivors group and 8.0±0.0 for the non-survivors group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Due to the significant prevalence of malnutrition and frailty in the critical patient population being monitored in the intensive care unit, both conditions should be regularly assessed. Keywords: Intensive Care Unit; Malnutrition; Frailty; Mortality; Geriatrics.