The purpose of this review article is to discuss the clinical spectrum of recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability with the current concepts and controversies at the scientific level. Because of increasing participation of people from any age group of the population in sports activities, health care professionals dealing with the care of trauma patients must have a thorough understanding of the anatomy, patho-physiology, risk factors, and management of anterior shoulder instability. The risk factors for recurrent shoulder dislocation are young age, participation in high demand contact sports activities, presence of Hill-Sachs or osseous Bankart lesion, previous history of ipsilateral traumatic dislocation, ipsilateral rotator cuff or deltoid muscle insufficiency, and underlying ligamentous laxity. Achieving the best result for any particular patient depends on the procedure that allows observation of the joint surfaces, provides the anatomical repair, maintains range of motion, and also can be applied with low rates of complications and recurrence. Although various surgical techniques have been described, a consensus does not exist and thus, orthopedic surgeons should follow and try to improve the current evidence-based treatment modalities for the patients.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip is one of the most common causes of secondary osteoarthritis. The purpose of our study was to review clinical and radiological outcomes of reconstruction surgery using cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with Crowe type-IV dysplastic hips. Methods: This study included eighty-seven primary total hip arthroplasties performed between January 2005 and January 2010 at our clinic in 74 patients who had Crowe type-IV developmental dysplasia of the hip. Cementless total hip arthroplasty was applied in all hips. At the clinical status analysis, any limping, the Harris hip score, surgical approach, the use of bone grafts, the presence of femoral osteotomy, any component migration, union status of the osteotomy site (if present), and any osteolysis or heterotopic ossification were noted. Mean follow-up time was 4.8 years. Results: Mean Harris hip score was improved from 41.8 points preoperatively to 86.2 points postoperatively (p<0.001). At the final clinical examination, none of the patients had severe limping. Restoration of the anatomical hip centre was achieved in all hips. Pseudoarthrosis of the femoral osteotomy site was seen in two hips (3.6%). Twelve hips (13.8%) underwent revision surgery. Neurological complications were seen in two hips (2.3%). Heterotopic ossification was detected in one hip. conclusion: Cementless total hip arthroplasty with restoration of the anatomic hip centre resulted in satisfactory clinical outcomes in patients with secondary coxarthrosis due to Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip joint.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the partial nail plate excision and curettage of nail bed and matrix (the original Winograd technique) in patients with ingrown toenail. Materials and methods:Patients with ingrown toenail who were treated surgically from May 2014 to June 2015, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included in this study. Those who had previous ingrown toenail surgery were excluded. Partial nail plate excision with curettage of nail bed and nail matrix was performed for all patients. Rifampicin soaked sterile gauze was placed onto the wounds after the procedure. Results:The study population included 100 males and 89 females with a mean age of 30 years. Eight patients (4.2%) had stage 1, 71 patients (37.6%) had stage 2, and 110 patients (58.2%) had stage 3 ingrown toenails. The mean operation time was 4.8 minutes. No complication occurred during the procedure. It was found that 15 patients (7.9%) had recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusion:The original Winograd technique is an efficient and less-invasive technique for the treatment of ingrown toenail, with lower rates of recurrence and complications. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic Case Series Study, Level IV

Occurrence of fractures is highly dependent on lifestyle. Domestic data should be used when needed. In this cross-sectional study, the authors aim to find the most recent distribution of pediatric fracture types and the attributes of fracture occurrence within a large sample size in a metropolitan area of Turkey.This study consists of 4879 pediatric age patients with a fracture who took advantage of the emergency service of a trauma center in a metropolitan area between March 2010 and December 2013 (1397 days). Date, hour, age, sex, fracture type, and social security status of the patients were studied.A total of 65% of the patients were men and 35% were women. A total of 81% of the fractures were in the upper extremities, whereas 19% of them were in the lower extremities. In 22 patients (0.5%), there were open fractures. Fractures showed some seasonal, daily, and circadian variations. Different types of fractures showed some specific patterns in different age groups. Ankle, elbow, and shoulder fractures were more common in girls, whereas wrist and forearm fractures were more in boys and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Fractures in pediatric ages vary depending on the age, sex, season, and the hour of the day. Types of fractures show some obvious patterns especially depending on the age. This data can be useful in making optimizations in fracture care units. Considering these specific patterns would enable more effective planning of providing preventive measures for pediatric injuries.