The subcomponent self-assembly of polymer chains based on the dynamic/geometrical coordination diversity of first row transition metal ions is reported. A well-defined NH₂-functional hydrophilic block copolymer, Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) and a salicylaldehyde derivative are selected as subcomponents. The imine formation and self-assembly are followed using ¹H NMR, DLS, GPC, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the subcomponent self-assembly strongly depends on the coordination stability constants and geometries of these metal ions. Ni(II) induces interchain coordination, and rapid phase transition to macro-phase separation but with the lowest autocatalysis efficiency. However, Cu(II) ions induce intrachain coordination with the most remarkable autocatalysis, and the delaying of the phase transition to form well-defined hybrid nanoparticles. The behaviour with Zn(II) ions is in between that with Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions. This striking differentiation demonstrates that the dynamic/geometrical coordination diversity of the abundant first row transition metal ions effectively control the subcomponent self-assembly of polymer chains, and thus the hierarchical nanostructures of dative metal–polymer hybrid functional materials.

Laser-scribed graphene (LSG), a classic three-dimensional porous carbon nanomaterial, is directly fabricated by laser irradiation of substrate materials. Benefiting from its excellent electrical and mechanical properties, along with flexible and simple preparation process, LSG has played a significant role in the field of flexible sensors. This review provides an overview of the critical factors in fabrication, and methods for enhancing the functionality of LSG. It also highlights progress and trends in LSG-based sensors for monitoring physiological indicators, with an emphasis on device fabrication, signal transduction, and sensing characteristics. Finally, we offer insights into the current challenges and future prospects of LSG-based sensors for health monitoring and disease diagnosis.