The global increase in municipal and industrial wastewater generation has intensified the need for ecologically resilient and technologically advanced treatment systems. Although traditional biological treatment technologies are effective for organic load reduction, they often fail to remove recalcitrant xenobiotics such as pharmaceuticals, synthetic dyes, endocrine disruptors (EDCs), and microplastics (MPs). Engineered microbial consortia offer a promising and sustainable alternative owing to their metabolic flexibility, ecological resilience, and capacity for syntrophic degradation of complex pollutants. This review critically examines emerging strategies for enhancing microbial bioremediation in wastewater treatment systems (WWTS), focusing on co-digestion, biofilm engineering, targeted bioaugmentation, and incorporation of conductive materials to stimulate direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). This review highlights how multi-omics platforms, including metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, enable high-resolution community profiling and pathway reconstructions. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms into bioprocess diagnostics facilitates real-time system optimization, predictive modeling of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dynamics, and intelligent bioreactor control. Persistent challenges, such as microbial instability, ARG dissemination, reactor fouling, and the absence of region-specific microbial reference databases, are critically analyzed. This review concludes with a translational pathway for the development of next-generation WWTS that integrate synthetic microbial consortia, AI-mediated biosensors, and modular bioreactors within the One Health and Circular Economy framework.

The effect of Vibrio parahaemolyticus IPNGS16 on the bacterial profile of the gut of Penaeus vannamei was assessed by 16S metagenomic analysis. The V3 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR. Sequencing reads were generated using the 2×150 (300 cycles) for the base-read length chemistry of the Illumina MiniSeq platform. The web-based Shaman and MicrobiomeAnalyst platforms were used to analyze the sequences. The phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and the genera Vibrio, Ruegeria, Nautella, and Pseudoalteromonas were found among the most abundant taxonomic ranks in control, diseased, and healthy shrimp. Alpha and beta indices showed significant differences between shrimp survival in the control condition and dying shrimp (lower diversity). Metabolism (carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism-related genes and, to a lesser extent, energy, lipid, and cofactors and vitamin metabolism-related genes) of dying and surviving shrimp was affected by Vibrio infection. The top metabolic functions (cell cycle, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, purine, pyrimidine, pyruvate, and quorum sensing) in dying and surviving shrimp were affected by Vibrio, especially quorum sensing. The interaction network analysis showed fewer interactions in dying shrimp than control and surviving shrimp. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Vibrio, and Ruegeria predominated in all samples, and Vibrio changed bacterial diversity and metabolism in the intestine of P. vannamei. Ruegeria and Pseudoalteromonas showed negative interactions with Vibrio, suggesting their use as probiotics. This study sheds light on the Vibrio infection in the gut microbiota of shrimp.

Shrimp is one of the most important aquaculture industries. Therefore, we determined the effect of nitrifying-probiotic bacteria on water quality, growth, survival, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei cultured without water exchange. In vitro, only Bacillus licheniformis used total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrites, and nitrates since nitrogen bubbles were produced. TAN decreased significantly in the treatments with B. licheniformis and Pediococcus pentosaceus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides, but no differences were observed in nitrites. Nitrates were significantly higher in the treatments with bacteria. The final weight was higher only with bacilli and bacilli and LAB treatments. The survival of shrimp in the bacterial treatments increased significantly, and superoxide anion increased significantly only in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) treatment. The activity of phenoloxidase decreased significantly in the treatments with bacteria compared to the control. Shrimp treated with bacilli in the water showed lower species richness. The gut bacterial community after treatments was significantly different from that of the control. Linoleic acid metabolism was positively correlated with final weight and superoxide anion, whereas quorum sensing was correlated with survival. Thus, bacilli and LAB in the water of hyperintensive culture systems act as heterotrophic nitrifers, modulate the intestinal microbiota and immune response, and improve the growth and survival of shrimp. This is the first report on P. pentosaceus and L. mesenteroides identified as nitrifying bacteria.

Pathogenicity of microencapsulated spores of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin at a dose of 1 × 108 spores per milliliter were used against tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Toxicity of non-microencapsulated spores at the same dose was also assessed. Bovine gelatin was used as a matrix to produce microcapsules by the spray-drying technique with an inlet temperature of 85°C and an outlet temperature of 33°C in the spray dryer process. Scanning electron microcopy was used to assist with measuring the microcapsule size and determining spore shape. Spore viability and moisture were also evaluated. Both fungal formulations were applied by immersing first-instar tobacco budworm larvae for 30 seconds. The number of larvae that died was recorded 48 hours post inoculation. Microcapsules were <20 μm. Spore viability was 16.0 ± 0.7% for B. bassiana and 13.2 ± 0.8% for M. anisopliae. Moisture contents of the fungi were... Resumen. Se evaluó la patogenicidad de esporas microencapsuladas de B. bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin y Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin a una dosis de 1 × 108 esporas/ml sobre el gusano del fruto de tomate, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). La toxicidad de las esporas no microencapsuladas fue medida también a la misma dosis. Las microcápsulas fueron producidas empleando gelatina bovina como matriz, usando la técnica de secado por aspersión a 85 y 33°C como temperaturas de entrada y salida en el proces. Las microcápsulas fueron analizadas en un microscopio electrónico de barrido para medir el tamaño de la partícula. Se evaluó también la viabilidad de las esporas y su contenido de humedad. Para la prueba de patogenicidad de ambas formulaciones de hongos se aplicó la técnica de inmersión de larvas por 30 s usando larvas del primer ínstar de H. virescens y la mortalidad de larvas fue registrada 48 h después de la inoculación. Se obtuvieron microencapsulados de los hongos con un t...

Se evaluó el uso de bioinsecticidas elaborados a base de hongos entomopatógenos (Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae y Paecilomyces fumosoroseus); la producción se hizo de manera artesanal en comunidades rurales y se utilizaron para el control de plagas de hortalizas. Los productos fueron formulados con celite® y se usaron a dosis de 240g (1.2x1012 esporas/ha), para el control de plagas sobre plantaciones de lechuga Lactuca sativa L., rábano Rhapanus sativus, cebolla Allium cepa L., repollo Brassica oleracea var. capitata, papa Solanum tuberosum L. y cilantro Coriandrum sativum L. todos los aislamientos causaron mortalidades superiores al 80% a las 72 h, respecto al control, resultando efectivos para el control de la mariposa blanca de la col Pieris rapae, gusano dorso de diamante Pluxtella xylostella, gusano falso medidor Trichoplusia ni, pulgón de la col Brevycorine brassicae, Trips spp., palomilla de la papa Phthorimaea operculella, chicharrita Empoasca fabae, áfidos spp., minador Liriomyza trifolii y mosquita blanca Bemisia tabaci. Los bioinsecticidas beneficiaron a los productores de hortalizas ya que obtuvieron hortalizas libres de insecticidas químicos con mejores opciones de venta en el mercado

Se identificaron mediante estudio de los genitales de machos a tres especies de barrenadores de la caña de azúcar distribuidos en 28 sitios de muestreo de las zonas cañeras norte y centro de Sinaloa. La identificación molecular de éstas se hizo secuenciando el gen de la subunidad I de la enzima citocromo c oxidasa (COI) del ADN mitocondrial. Se identificó a Diatraea considerata Heinrich, D. grandiosella Dyar, y Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) distribuidas en la zona cañera norte (Los Mochis) y centro (El Dorado). Las secuencias de nucleótidos de estas especies comparadas en el GenBank tuvieron similitud con D. considerata 99% (673 pb) (acc. no. KP259614), para D. grandiosella del 97% (647 pb) (acc. no. KP259615), y para E. loftini del 99% (645 pb) (acc. no. KP259616). Se hizo también un análisis de Máxima Verosimilitud (ML) para determinar la proximidad entre estas especies, encontrando que las secuencias corresponden a estas mismas especies reportadas en el GenBank, con el 96% para D. considerata, 88% para E. loftini, y el 100% para D. grandiosella, dando con esto mayor precisión sobre la identidad de las especies distribuidas en esa área. Esta información es básica para la implementación de futuras estrategias de control biológico de estas plagas en Sinaloa. Three species of sugarcane borers were identified based on study of the male genitalia; these were distributed at 28 sampling sites of northern and central sugarcane areas in Sinaloa, Mexico. The molecular identification of the three species was done by sequencing the enzyme gene of the subunit I of cytochrome coxidase (COI) of the DNA mitochondrial. Diatraea considerata Heinrich, D. grandiosella Dyar, and Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) were identified with their distribution in north zone (Los Mochis) and central zone (El Dorado) of sugarcane area. The nucleotide sequences of these species were compared in GenBank, had a similarity to D. considerata 99% (673 bp) (acc. No. KP259614), D. grandiosella 97% (647 bp) (acc. no. KP259615), and E. loftini 99% (645 bp) (acc. no. KP259616). An Analysis of Maximum Likelihood (ML) was done to determine the proximity between these species, founding that the sequences correspond to these same species reported in GenBank, with a confidence of 96% to D. considerata, 88% to E. loftini, and 100% to D. grandiosella, giving certainty to the identification of these species distributed in this area. This information is basic for the implementation of future strategies for biological control of these pests in Sinaloa.