The study investigates the thermosolutal convection of a Casson fluid in a horizontal layer that is heated and salted from below. Both linear and non-linear analyses are performed using the method of normal modes to solve the governing equations. Interestingly, the study demonstrates that the linear and non-linear stability thresholds coincide. To solve the differential eigenvalue problem for linear theory, a one-term Galerkin approach is employed. Meanwhile, for the eigenvalue problem of non-linear instability, a numerical solution is obtained using the bvp4c routine in MATLAB. The results reveal some important findings. First, the Casson parameter is shown to destabilize the flow, leading to instability. However, the Darcy number and solutal Rayleigh number are found to have a stabilizing effect on the system. Furthermore, the study develops a weakly non-linear theory using multiple scale analysis to investigate heat and mass transport, offering valuable insight into these transport phenomena within the context of the system under consideration.

Effects of the magnetic field and inertia on the onset of thermal convection in a horizontal bidispersive porous layer, rotating about a vertical axis, are analyzed. The Darcy equation with same temperature in the micro- and macrophases is used to characterize the fluid motion. The Vadasz number is taken into account in a generalized Darcy equation for the macrophase. The eigenvalue problem obtained from the linear stability analysis is solved analytically for free–free boundaries. Moving one step further from the traditional linear stability analysis, machine learning tools are introduced in this paper to include the effect of multiple parameters on the marginal state of the system. Machine learning techniques have been implemented to identify the mode of instability with respect to different parameters. In particular, classification algorithms, namely, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support vector machine, are used to examine the onset of oscillatory convection and stationary convection. The required data for training of the algorithms are generated from the results of linear stability analysis. It is found that ANN with the sufficient number of hidden layers along with good choice of training dataset can predict the mode of instability even on the small variation in a given parameter. The combined effect of rotation, magnetic field, and inertia is to reduce the oscillatory mode of instability; hence, the system exhibits the steady mode of instability for a significant region in the three dimensional space comprising the Taylor number, the Hartman number, and the Vadasz number.

This article investigates thermosolutal convection in bidispersive porous medium with Soret effect and vertical throughflow. The Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation assumed and fluid flow obeys Darcy's law. Local thermal equilibrium is considered between solid and fluid phases. We analyze the system stability through linear instability, nonlinear stability (energy method), and weak nonlinear analysis. The expression for Ra is derived analytically, using the Galerkin orthogonalization technique. The Ginzburg–Landau equation is derived to get deep insight into convective amplitudes, also we explore the heat and mass transfer in the system by defining Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The research delves into the influence of various physical parameters on the system's stability. The solutal Rayleigh number and Soret number have destabilizing property, whereas the Lewis number, momentum transfer coefficient, and permeability ratio have the stabilizing nature. The sub-critical region decreases as the Soret number increases. The strong buoyancy force delays the heat transfer and mass transfer by disrupting existing mass transfer. The critical Rayleigh number maintains symmetry over the upward and downward throughflow. The less area under the curve for average Nusselt and Sherwood number over permeability ratio implies total heat and mass transfer alleviating.

This article investigates the onset of convection in a bidispersive porous medium, considering the impact of viscous dissipation and throughflow using both linear and nonlinear theories. The flow is modeled using the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation and Darcy's law, with local thermal equilibrium between the fluid and solid phases. The temperature field depends solely on the vertical coordinate in the basic solution. The study employs a two-pronged approach to analyze the system's stability, utilizing the normal mode technique for linear analysis and the energy method for nonlinear analysis. The article confirms the validity of the principle of exchange of stabilities. The numerical solution of the eigenvalue problem for both linear and nonlinear theories is obtained using the bvp4c routine. The research explores the influence of various physical parameters on the system's stability. Viscous dissipation's effect on convection onset is noticeable only with significant throughflow. In the absence of viscous dissipation, the throughflow direction does not affect the system's stability. The effective permeability ratio stabilizes the system with upward throughflow and exhibits opposite behavior with downward throughflow. The sub-critical region remains unchanged for the Gebhart number range but increases with higher moment transfer coefficient and effective permeability ratio. Additionally, an analytical expression is derived for the small Peclet number regime of the Rayleigh number using asymptotic analysis.