Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have transformed information retrieval, including in healthcare. ChatGPT, trained on diverse datasets, can provide medical advice but faces ethical and accuracy concerns. This study evaluates the accuracy of ChatGPT-3.5's answers to frequently asked questions about oral cancer, a condition where early diagnosis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. A total of 20 questions were asked to ChatGPT-3.5, selected from Google Trends and questions asked by patients in the clinic. The responses provided by ChatGPT were evaluated for accuracy by medical oncologists and oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Fleiss’s and Cohen kappa tests. The scores given by the specialties were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The references provided by ChatGPT-3.5 were evaluated for authenticity. Of the 80 responses from 20 questions, 41 (51.25%) were rated as very good, 37 (46.25%) as good, 2 (2.50%) as acceptable. There was no significant difference between oral and maxillofacial radiologists and medical oncologists in all 20 questions. Of the 81 references to ChatGPT-3.5 answers, only 13 were scientific articles, 10 were fake, and the remaining references were data from websites. ChatGPT provided reliable information about oral cancer and did not provide incorrect information and suggestions. However, all information provided by ChatGPT is not based on real references.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bruxism on the cortical and trabecular bone of the mandible using the radiomorphometric indexes and fractal analysis (FA) additionally to examine the efficiency of FA as diagnostic test for bruxism. Methods: Evaluation was performed on panoramic radiographs of 94 bruxists and 94 non-bruxist individuals with the ImageJ program. Cortical bone was assessed with mandibular cortical index, mental index, and panoramic mental index. Trabecular bone in the condyle, gonial, and corpus region was evaluated by FA. An independent sample t and Mann-Whitney-U tests and Pearson and Spearman rank correlations were conducted for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 188 participants, 112 female, and 76 male, were included in the study. The sample age ranged from 18 to 43, with a mean of 27.55 (± 7.022) years. FA values of the angulus were significantly higher than those of the condyle and corpus, and the mean of the sample for the angulus, condyle, and corpus, respectively, were; 1.36 (± 10), 1.10 (± 0.9), 1.13 (± 0.8). There was a positive correlation between FA of the mandibular corpus and age (r = .163, p = .025). Females’ values were smaller than males’ in the FAs of three regions, and significant differences were found in FA of the condyle and angulus of the mandible, MCI, and PMI according to gender. There was no statistically significant difference between bruxist and non-bruxist patients in term of FAs of three regions, MCI, MI, and PMI values (p > .05). Conclusions: FA of the condyle and angulus of the mandible, MCI, and PMI are significantly affected by gender. However bruxism doesn’t cause a significant change in the fractal dimensions of the bone in the mandible and doesn’t change substantially MCI, MI, and PMI.

The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dentomaxillofacial diagnostics in pediatric dentistry is expanding and concerns have been raised about the radiation risks associated with this imaging modality, especially for children. Dentomaxillofacial paediatric imaging: an investigation towards low-dose radiation induced risks (DIMITRA) is a multidisciplinary project focused on optimizing CBCT exposure for children and adolescents. This study aims to clarify the indications behind CBCT scans in children aligned with DIMITRA’s recommendations. For each CBCT examination, data were collected on patient age at the time of the CBCT examination, gender, reason for request, referring department, CBCT-requested region, and the field of view (FOV) dimension of imaging. The CBCT indications were categorized under six headings according to an adaptation of the DIMITRA project recommendations: impacted teeth, dentoalveolar trauma, orofacial clefts, dental anomalies, bone pathology, syndromes. Indications not categorized in DIMITRA were recorded below the heading “other”. The most common indication was the “other” category (34.8%), which included implant, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, orofacial anomalies, foreign object and root canal morphology. The least common indication was “orofacial cleft” (1.9%) and no requests were made for cases related to syndromes. Detection of supernumerary tooth in dental anomalies (68.6%) was the most common CBCT indication, while dentigerous cysts (37.6%) were among the most common CBCT indication in bone pathologies and orofacial anomalies (68.1%) in the other category. The most common size was External Center (15 × 15 cm) (27%) and the least common size was Both Arches/small (8 × 8 cm) (0.4%) when the CBCT FOV was analysed. Although the option of a smaller FOV size was available, the larger FOV size that included the both jaws were most frequently used. When justifying CBCT requests, patient-specific radiation dose risks should be considered and specific guidelines should be followed.

Background: In the presence of lingual concavity in the mandible, the cortical perforation and consequently the life-threatening intraoral hemorrhages obstructing the upper respiratory tract may be seen during the surgical intervention. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of lingual concavity in the interforaminal region and to determine its relationship with gender and dentate status. Material and methods: The images of 106 patients undergone cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) between 2016 and 2017 in Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Faculty of Dentistry of Ondokuz Mayıs University were retrospectively examined. The images were obtained using a Galileos device (98 kVp, 15-30 mA). The bone height and width in interforaminal region and the frequency of lingual concavity were analyzed. Results: Of patients involved in the present study, 42.5% were male and 57.5% were female After the examinations performed, the bone was morphologically classified into four classes as Type I lingual concavity, Type II inclined to lingual, Type III enlarging towards labiolingual and Type IV buccal concavity. Type III (77.9%) was the most common type in the anterior region, followed by Type II (16.5%), Type I (4.7%) and Type IV (0.9%). The lingual concavity angle was 76.5 ± 3.69º and the concavity depth was 2.09 ± 0.34 mm. Conclusions: The lingual concavity can be detected by using the cross-sectional CBCT images and the complications related with lingual cortical perforation can be prevented. Background: In the presence of lingual concavity in the mandible, the cortical perforation and consequently the life-threatening intraoral hemorrhages obstructing the upper respiratory tract may be seen during the surgical intervention. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of lingual concavity in the interforaminal region and to determine its relationship with gender and dentate status. Material and methods: The images of 106 patients undergone cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) between 2016 and 2017 in Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Faculty of Dentistry of Ondokuz Mayıs University were retrospectively examined. The images were obtained using a Galileos device (98 kVp, 15-30 mA). The bone height and width in interforaminal region and the frequency of lingual concavity were analyzed. Results: Of patients involved in the present study, 42.5% were male and 57.5% were female After the examinations performed, the bone was morphologically classified into four classes as Type I lingual concavity, Type II inclined to lingual, Type III enlarging towards labiolingual and Type IV buccal concavity. Type III (77.9%) was the most common type in the anterior region, followed by Type II (16.5%), Type I (4.7%) and Type IV (0.9%). The lingual concavity angle was 76.5 ± 3.69º and the concavity depth was 2.09 ± 0.34 mm. Conclusions: The lingual concavity can be detected by using the cross-sectional CBCT images and the complications related with lingual cortical perforation can be prevented.

Amaç: Panoramik radyografide yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon prevelansını saptamak ve tiplere göre dağılımını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Farklı sebeplerle alınan 1024 panoramik radyografide yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon varlığı incelendi. Kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon görüldüğünde lokalizasyon ve şekline göre tipi belirlendi. Hastaların yaş ve cinsiyetleri ile kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak varlığında sistemik durumu kayıt edildi.Bulgular: Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon tespit edilen hastaların % 31.45’i stilohyoid ligament ossifikasyonu, % 26,15’i kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak, % 14.84’ü tonsillolit, % 13.43’ü birden fazla yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyonu, % 12.72’si tritiseöz kartilaj kalsifikasyonu, % 1.06’sı lenf nodu kalsifikasyonu ve % 0.35’i submandibular sialolit olarak dağılım gösterdi. Kalsifiye aterosklerotik plak görülen hastaların % 29.3’ünde hipertansiyon, % 10.1’inde ise Tip II diyabet mevcuttu. Kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyon sıklığı ile cinsiyet arası ilişkiyi belirlemek için ki-kare testi kullanıldı (p<0.05).Sonuçlar: En fazla stilohyoid ligament ossifikasyonu izlendi. Yumuşak doku kalsifikasyon/ossifikasyonları kadınlarda daha fazla görüldü ve görülme sıklığı yaşla birlikte arttı.Anahtar Kelimeler: kalsifikasyon, panoramik radyografi, prevelans

Background: Evaluation of the maxillary sinus anatomy prior to sinus lift procedures is important to avoid surgical complications due to the close anatomical relationship between the posterior maxillary region and the maxillary sinüs. Introduction: In order to avoid traumatizing the posterior superior alveolar artery and to prevent perioperative bleeding, locating the exact position of the artery is imperative before the surgical procedures. Methods: 150 CBCT scans were evaluated. The distance from the inferior border of the PSAA to the alveolar crest (the vertical line from the artery to the crest) and floor of the maxillary sinus, the distance from PSAA to medial sinus wall, nasal septum, zygomatic arch, position, the distance from the floor of maxillary üs to the alveolar crest and diameter of the PSAA were assessed. Locations of the artery were classified. Results: 150 CBCT scans were evaluated. The distance from the inferior border of the PSAA to the alveolar crest (the vertical line from the artery to the crest) and floor of the maxillary sinus, the distance from PSAA to medial sinus wall, nasal septum, zygomatic arch, position, the distance from the floor of maxillary sinüs to the alveolar crest and diameter of the PSAA were assessed. Locations of the artery were classified. Conclusion: The location of PSAA is intraosseous in most patients. The artery diameters were mostly ≥ 1 mm and we can say that increasing the size also increases the risk of complications.