Building-integrated agriculture can enhance urban food resilience when a greenhouse allows production during the cold season, especially in facade greenhouse retrofits on existing buildings, which should balance solar access, solar gains, and indoor comfort. This study presents a parametric workflow to generate and compare facade-integrated agricultural devices for a mid-20th-century social-housing block in South-East Milan, combining geometric reconstruction, regulatory constraints, and performance-driven form finding. The work presents a procedure that includes multi- and single-objective optimisation targeting winter solar access, summer overheating control, and sun-hours availability, and identifies the best option through greenhouse indoor climate simulation. The Pareto front was used to filter candidate solutions, and ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were then used to compare them. Correlation analysis was used to assess the consistency of shape-driven effects across seasonal conditions. Under uniform operational assumptions (high operable glazing fraction and dynamic interior shading activated by facade irradiance), the choices were then evaluated in an indoor energy model. According to the comparison, several optimised geometries perform about the same across goals. The process allows for a clear, repeatable selection of retrofit envelope options that meet energy, thermal comfort, and agricultural production aspects.

Visual impact assessment (VIA) represents an important tool to identify visual impact mitigation strategies and establish more sustainable extraction processes. Previous attempts at Visual Impact Assessment of extractive activities rely on costly data, time-consuming analysis, and investigation solutions tailored to each site. Instead, this paper presents research work on an inexpensive and nearly infinitely replicable solution that allows the comparison of multiple mining sites: the Extraction Visual Impact (EVI) Index. A mapping of the available geographic open data about mining is provided, and the need for a unified and homogeneous dataset at the national and European levels is highlighted. The EVI Index is built on four indicators linked to the morphological aspects and the chromatic contrast between the mine and its surroundings, and on two sensitivity indicators that contextualise the values to the conditions surrounding the extraction site by localising the impacts within the extraction territories. In the paper, the methodology is applied to five coloured marble quarries in the Lombardy region (Italy) and validated by surveying Lombardy residents through a Thurstone scaling procedure.

The paper addresses the need for a procedure to complement mainstream global-scale metrics with a localised assessment of building material-generated local