In previous studies much research has reported the determination of applications of TiO2 (rutile and anatase), ZnO and Ag nanomaterials onto various textile surfaces, but in this study for the first time application to denim fabric and testing of the finished fabric for antimicrobial activities of these nanomaterials was investigated. The presence of nanoparticles on dyed denim fabric surfaces was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The nanomaterial-impregnated denim fabric (100% cotton) showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli isolated from pasta. Additionally, the UV tests indicated excellent improvement in the UV absorbing activity of the TiO2 (rutile and anatase), ZnO and Ag nanomaterial-treated fabrics.

In this study, chitosan is obtained from the waste shells of crayfish ( Astacus leptodactylus) and characterized. The crayfish chitosan was coated on cotton fabrics using the padding-drying method. The surface properties, flammability and water and air permeability properties of these coatings based on chitosan and a combination of chitosan and nano-TiO₂ were determined. The weight of green calico fabric increased to 24.76% after coating with chitosan, while the weight of the blue dyed denim fabric increased to 5.19%. The chitosan coating increased the tear strength of the calico fabric by 20% in the weft direction. Thermogravimetric analysis and vertical burning tests show that chitosan improves the thermal resistance and flame retardancy performance of denim fabrics. While the amount of residue due to thermal degradation of the blue dyed denim fabric was 16.78%, it increased to 34% after coating with chitosan+nano-TiO₂. The chitosan coating reduced the mass loss caused by thermal degradation in green calico fabric from 86.3% to 66.0%. Chitosan also improved the post-flame combustion performance of fabrics. While the ember burning time is decreased to 6s in the chitosan-coated dyed calico fabric, this did not occur in the chitosan+nano-TiO₂-coated dyed denim fabric.

In this study, we analysed finished denim fabric for hydrophobic wettability, washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness of TiO₂ (anatase), CuO, ZnO and Ag nanomaterials. The presence of nanoparticles on dyed denim fabric surfaces was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope and EDAX. According to the contact angle, washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness measurements, these nanomaterials were improved surface properties of denim fabric. The coatings made by these nanomaterials increased hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties by changing wetting capability of denim fabric surface. Additionally, nano-metal oxide particles were improved fastness values. The highest contact angle and fastness values were found on denim fabric treated with nano-TiO₂ (anatase) and the lowest contact angle and fastness values were found for denim fabric plated with nano-Ag.

For the first time, application to undyed and dyed fabrics and testing of finished fabrics for hydrophobic wettability, antimicrobial activity and UV protection of CuO nanomaterials were investigated. According to absorbance measurements, the CuO nanomaterials demonstrated a significant antioxidant activity. The presence of nanoparticles on fabric surfaces was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that applying CuO nanomaterials to dyed wool rendered the fabric hydrophobic from contact angle measurements. Also, the nano-CuO-impregnated undyed and dyed wool fabrics (100% wool) showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli isolated from pasta. Additionally, UV tests indicated an excellent improvement in the UV-absorbing activity of the CuO nanomaterial-treated undyed and synthetically dyed fabrics.

This study contributes to the field of flammable resistant textiles. Boric acid, borax, and nano SiO₂ were added to a commercial finishing solution, separate solutions were prepared for each. The difference in this study is to improve the functional finishing processes of denim fabrics consisting of 99% cotton and 1% elastane. The aim is to draw attention to the flame-retardant performance improvements that can be created by a synergistic mechanism for textiles. Using TGA, LOI and vertical combustion tests for determining flame retardant effect were sufficient to achieve meaningful and precise results. Each chemical added to increase the flammability performance effect of the commercial finish solution entered the fabric surface structure, and the flammability performance of the commercial finish solution was improved by a simple and feasible method. Denim fabric can be made suitable for industrial textiles by flame retardant finishing process.

The effects of chemical structure of the resin, reinforcement types, material thickness, and post-cure treatment on the mechanical properties of composite material were examined in this study. Composite materials were produced by combining chopped, woven, and felt glass fibers with thermoset plastic-based matrixes. Orthophtalic polyester (polives 701) and bisphenol-A epoxy vinyl ester (polives3401) resins were chopped in combination with a catalyst system composed of MEK-PEROKSIT and cobalt, and were reinforced with chopped, woven, and felt glass fiber. Composite materials were prepared using a hand lay-up method. Half of the prepared composite materials were post-cured, the other half remained non-treated. A total of 75 tests were performed. Tensile, bending, impact, and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the samples. The test results indicated that durable and strong tractor bonnets can be produced using vinyl ester-based matrix material and 90^° glass fiber woven reinforcement material, producing two-layered composite material and curing at 50^°C, 80^°C, and 110^° C.