Soil erosion by water is influenced by a major morphogenetic factor – precipitation. Surface runoff, initiated by rainfall, plays a key role in this process. This article addresses the effects of rainfall intensity and soil moisture on soil erosion through a series of rainfall simulations of different intensity and duration. The implementation of measurements at a research station located in the Różany Stream catchment in Poznań made it possible to study the entire water balance within the slope, including precipitation, evaporation, surface runoff and infiltration. The study included various rainfall intensities, with a focus on extreme events reflecting ongoing climate change and increasing anthropopressure. Rainfall simulations were conducted on both dry and wet ground. The results showed that increasing rainfall intensity led to greater surface runoff and soil loss. Moreover, soil moisture was identified as a critical factor affecting soil erosion, with wetter conditions reducing soil loss while increasing surface runoff.

The work discusses the water and sediment geochemistry of the post-reclamation Przykona water reservoir. The analysis mainly focuses on the reservoir's through-flow nature, given that its post-mining history has not resulted in any important contamination of its waters. In the water, cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (Cl−, NO3−, NO2− and SO42−) were examined using ion chromatography (IC). Metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the water and sediment were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QQQ). Extractions with 3 mol/L HCl were used to prepare sediment samples. It was shown that the Teleszyna River waters on the side of its inflow have significantly higher contents of all elements than do the reservoir waters. In addition, CA chemometric analysis allowed the samples to be divided into two groups. The first included samples from the Teleszyna River inflow and those closest to it, while the second included samples from the river outflow and those close to it. A comparison of elemental concentrations in the reservoir's waters and the river inflow and outflow indicate that the river's waters undergo purification as they flow through the reservoir. This is confirmed by analysis of metals in bottom sediments at the Teleszyna River inflow, where sedimentation of metals transported by the river takes place. In addition, calculations of the Igeo, CF and PLI indices clearly confirmed the lack of toxicity of the deposited metals. The work discusses the water and sediment geochemistry of the post-reclamation Przykona water reservoir. The analysis mainly focuses on the reservoir's through-flow nature, given that its post-mining history has not resulted in any important contamination of its waters. In the water, cations (Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and anions (Cl−, NO3−, NO2− and SO42−) were examined using ion chromatography (IC). Metals (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the water and sediment were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-QQQ). Extractions with 3 mol/L HCl were used to prepare sediment samples. It was shown that the Teleszyna River waters on the side of its inflow have significantly higher contents of all elements than do the reservoir waters. In addition, CA chemometric analysis allowed the samples to be divided into two groups. The first included samples from the Teleszyna River inflow and those closest to it, while the second included samples from the river outflow and those close to it. A comparison of elemental concentrations in the reservoir's waters and the river inflow and outflow indicate that the river's waters undergo purification as they flow through the reservoir. This is confirmed by analysis of metals in bottom sediments at the Teleszyna River inflow, where sedimentation of metals transported by the river takes place. In addition, calculations of the Igeo, CF and PLI indices clearly confirmed the lack of toxicity of the deposited metals.

Zarys treści. Celem opracowania było przedstawienie wielkości i struktury wybranych zanieczyszczeń atmosferycznych dostarczanych głównie z opadem do zurbanizowanej zlewni Różanego Strumienia w Poznaniu oraz określenie ich wpływu na skład chemiczny wody na kolejnych etapach jej obiegu. Badania realizowano w latach hydrologicznych 2016-2020 w ramach ogólnopolskiego programu Zintegrowanego Monitoringu Środowiska Przyrodniczego (ZMŚP) przy wykorzystaniu infrastruktury Stacji ZMŚP "Poznań-Morasko" Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Wymieniona jednostka jest pierwszą Stacją Bazową w programie ZMŚP w Polsce zlokalizowaną w granicach dużej aglomeracji miejskiej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że w badanej zlewni występuje dodatni bilans jonów biogennych, dostarczanych w wyniku działalności człowieka (np. poprzez nawożenie)-NO 3-, NH 4 + i K +. Z kolei pozostałe składniki chemiczne (jony denudacyjne) występujące w wodach krążących w zlewni cechują się ujemnym bilansem. Słowa kluczowe: monitoring, zlewnia Różanego Strumienia, dostawa zanieczyszczeń, skład chemiczny, bilans jonowy, jakość wód.

This study compares two automated geomorphometric methods – geomorphons and the Topographic Position Index (TPI) – for detecting glacial curvilineations (GCLs) within the Komorze tunnel valley, NW Poland. Using LiDAR-derived digital elevation model (DEM), outputs from each method were evaluated against a manually refined reference. Geomorphon-based classifications, particularly at a flatness threshold (FT) of 3, most closely matched the manual interpretation, preserving ridge structure and spatial coherence. TPI methods often over-fragment the ridges at smaller neighbourhood sizes. These results suggest that while manual delineation remains most reliable, automated tools such as geomorphons can meaningfully support large-scale GCL mapping with careful parameterisation.

The paper presents potential soil erosion risk of the upper Parsęta catchment (Drawskie Lake District, NW Poland). The model considers following conditions affecting the size of soil erosion: slope gradient, LS factor, lithology, land use and land cover. Thematic maps have been reclassified into a 4-degree division. Potential soil erosion risk map was prepared on the basis of thematic maps. Areas with small and moderate susceptibility to soil erosion occupy 71.5% of the catchment area. The 4th class of erosiveness is represented by the river valley slopes, steep slopes of kame and moraine hills, covering 28.5% of the upper Parsęta catchment.