The Acrocomia aculeata is a promising palm tree for biofuel production, but it faces challenges related to propagation, especially due to seed dormancy. This article presents an integrative review, supported by bibliometrics, of the sexual and asexual propagation methods of the species, conducted through searches in Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science databases. The results indicate that sexual propagation is the predominant approach in the literature, although it faces significant challenges due to seed dormancy, such as the physical resistance to embryo protrusion imposed by the operculum. Asexual propagation demonstrates great potential through micropropagation techniques, which allow obtaining genetically uniform plants in relatively short periods. The non-deep physic dormancy exhibited by the seeds interferes with germination by constraining embryo growth potential and postponing the metabolic reactivation essential for successful germination. Despite the existence of promising methods for overcoming dormancy, additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this process. This review maps the scientific literature to highlight areas of proven research success, identify critical gaps and underexplored topics, and indicate how future investigations can support the development of efficient propagation protocols and the establishment of commercial plantations.

Priming associated with signaling molecules is an effective technique to promote uniform and rapid germination in the field, in addition to increasing stress tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of priming solutions on tolerance to cadmium and salinity stress in two upland rice cultivars, Douradão and Soberana. Five priming agents were tested: indole acetic acid (IAA), melatonin, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chitosan. After treatment, the seeds were subjected to three germination conditions: control (no stress), saline stress and cadmium stress. Evaluations included seed moisture content, germination percentage, seedling growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase - CAT and ascorbate peroxidase - APX). The results showed that the effects of priming varied according to the type of stress and the agent used. Under saline stress, H2O2 favored germination and root growth, while under cadmium stress, IAA, melatonin and H2O2 were more effective. Chitosan induced high SOD activity in the cadmium stress, and SNP stood out for salinity. H2O2 increased APX activity in the cultivar Soberana, while SNP was more effective for Douradão in both stress conditions. Catalase was activated by H2O2 and melatonin. The study concludes that SNP, H2O2 and IAA can improve stress tolerance during rice seed germination by activating antioxidant systems that favor growth under adverse conditions.