In the context of the global Sustainable Development Goals, the study of tourism eco-efficiency (TE) becomes particularly important for the balance between environmental protection and economic development in tourist destinations. This paper improves the measurement method of tourism carbon emissions, uses the Super-SBM model of undesired output to measure China’s TE, and then explores the impact of new urbanization (NU) on TE. The results show that TE in China is in dynamic equilibrium in general, the agglomeration characteristics of efficiency changed from high in the east and low in the west to low in the south and high in the north, and developmental differences first increased and then decreased. NU development has a significant one-way positive impact on TE at the national level and in the eastern region. As far as impact, economic urbanization plays a great role, and ecological factors become more and more important. NU has a rapid and long-term impact on TE, and its contribution rate to developed economic regions can reach 35%. This study will provide an important reference for sustainable development of tourism under the trend of urbanization.

The orderly circulation of land can affect the structure of the agricultural industry, improve the level of agricultural industrialization, and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. Located in the inland of southwest China, Chongqing is the core area of China’s Three Gorges Reservoir area, with obvious mountain characteristics. The characteristics and influencing factors of land transfer here can guide the reformation of land policy in other rural areas. Therefore, based on the survey data of 1015 mountain farmers in Chongqing, this paper employs a multi-class logistic model to analyze the above issues. The results show the following: (1) The phenomena of “zero rent” and “non-agreement” are widespread, and the spontaneous internal transfer among farmers is the main influencing factor. The decline in land value, the low degree of foreign investment, and the low average level of farmers’ understanding of land transfer policies are quite different from the economically developed plains in the east. (2) Different directions of land circulation have different influencing factors. (3) The main factors are the total population of rural households, the proportion of non-agricultural household income, the age of the head of the household, the education level of the head of the household, the degree of land division, and the quality of land grades that affect land transfer and development in mountainous areas. Thus, improving the education level or technological training of farmers, establishing effective market mechanisms, and increasing income from non-agricultural employment can effectively promote land transfer. Moreover, age-oriented land policy is easier to implement.