Lead silicate glasses are fundamental materials to a microchannel plate (MCP), which is a two dimensional array of a microscopic channel charge particle multiplier. Hydrogen reduction is the core stage to determine the electrical conductivity of lead silicate glass MCP multipliers. The nanoscale morphologies and microscopic potential distributions of silicate glass at different reduction temperatures were investigated via atomic force microscope (AFM) and Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). We found that the bulk resistance of MCPs ballooned exponentially with the spacing of conducting islands. Moreover, bulk resistance and the spacing of conducting islands both have the BiDoseResp trend dependence on the hydrogen reduction temperature. Elements composition and valence states of lead silicate glass were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the conducting island was an assemblage of the Pb atom originated from the reduction of Pb²⁺ and Pb⁴⁺. Thus, this showed the important influence of the hydrogen temperature and nanoscale morphological transformation on modulating the physical effects of MCPs, and opened up new possibilities to characterize the nanoscale electronic performance of multiphase silicate glass.

Integrating functional perovskites on an amorphous microchannel plate (MCP) glass faces challenges regarding the lack of ordered nucleation sites and stringent thermal budgets. Herein, we propose a surface energetics-based atomic layer deposition (ALD) strategy to achieve template-assisted oriented BaTiO₃ growth via a (101)-oriented anatase TiO₂ seed layer. Systematic investigation of the TiCl₄/O₃ process reveals a kinetic-to-thermodynamic transition at 300 °C, triggering a singular (101) preferred orientation. Combined DFT calculations and Wulff construction elucidate that this texture evolution is governed by a thermally activated surface energy minimization mechanism, driven by the intrinsic stability of the (101) facet. Crucially, the optimized seed layer acts as a multifunctional template: it not only transforms BaTiO₃ growth from random polycrystalline morphology to a singular (100) orientation with suppressed bulk carbonate impurities but also ensures excellent conformality and uniformity throughout the high aspect ratio microchannels. This study clarifies the thermodynamic mechanism of oriented growth on amorphous substrates, providing a versatile surface engineering pathway for constructing high-performance MCP-based heterojunction devices.