The aim of this study is to compare the results of MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) and NRS-2002 (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002) nutritional screening scales which are widely used in nutritional risk assessment of inpatients and to investigate the harmony between them statistically. This study was carried out with a total of 220 people (124 male, 96 female) between the ages of 20 and 90 who were being treated in Republic of Turkey Ministry Of Health Adana Provincial Health Directorate Adana City Training and Research Hospital. Questionnaires applied to the participants include demographic questions, anthropometric measurements and questions found on the NRS-2002 and MUST nutrition screening scales. The Kappa analysis was used to determine whether there was a correlation between NRS-2002 and MUST tests for the distribution of nutritional status of individuals. In addition, the results obtained from dietary screening scales and whether there was a statistically significant difference between the demographic characteristics of the patients were analyzed with non-parametric statistical methods, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. A statistically significant correlation was found between NRS-2002 and MUST tests in terms of distribution of nutritional status of individuals according to Kappa test results Furthermore, as the NRS-2002 scores increased, an increase in MUST scores was observed and a positive correlation was observed between them ( ). As a result, there was a positive correlation between NRS-2002 and MUST nutrition screening tests applied to individuals and there was a statistically significant correlation between the samples used in this study.

Akciğer kanseri ağırlıklı olarak 65 ila 84 yaş arası yaşlı bireylerde görülen ve tanı anında ortalama yaş 70 olan, ileri evrede tanı konulabilen, dünya çapında kansere bağlı ölümlerin önde gelen nedeni olarak gösterilen hastalıktır. Akciğer kanserine bağlı 2018 yılında yaklaşık 1,7 milyon birey hayatını kaybetmişken bu oranın küresel olarak 2035 yılına kadar artabileceği ve 3 milyon bireyin hastalığa bağlı olarak hayatını kaybedebileceği tahmin edilmektedir. Türkiye’de erkeklerde akciğer kanseri görülme sıklığı olarak ilk sırada, kadınlarda ise 5.sırada yer almaktadır. Uluslararası rehber görüşlerinde, akciğer kanserinin tedavi yöntemleri olarak kemoterapi, radyoterapi, kemo/radyoterapi, rezeksiyon yer almaktadır. 2018 Nobel Tıp ve Fizyoloji Ödülü ile akciğer kanserli hastalarda devrim niteliğinde kanser immünoterapisi tedavisi literatüre dahil edilmiştir. Kanser immünoterapötik ilaçları, kanser hastalarının tedavisinde büyük başarı gösterse de akciğer kanserli hastalarda malnütrisyon prevalansı %34,5 ile %69 arasında değişmekte olup yüksektir. Kanserli bireylerde malnütrisyon durumunun erken tanınması, bireysel beslenme değerlendirmesinin yapılması hastalığın klinik seyrini ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini olumlu yönde etkileyebilmektedir. İmmünoterapi öncesi ve sonrasında hastanın beslenme durumunu etkileyecek semptomları yönetecek ve diyetisyen tarafından yapılacak, nütrisyonel değerlendirme, nütrisyonel teşhis ve tanı, nütrisyonel müdahale, izleme/değerlendirme süreçlerini içeren diyet danışmanlığı temel tedavi yöntemlerinden biridir. Hasta tedavi sürecinde beslenme durumunu olumsuz etkileyecek hangi yan etkilere (iştahsızlık, tat, koku değişimleri, bulantı, diyare) sahipse, yan etkileri azaltacak ya da düzeltecek ve hastanın tüketebileceği, hastanın sevdiği, hastanın gereksinimi olan makro ve mikro besin öğelerini de karşılayacak beslenme önerilerinde bulunulmalıdır. Nitekim çalışmalar yetersiz beslenme ile immünoterapinin toleransı veya etkinliği arasında bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Akciğer kanserli hastaların beslenme durumu sürekli değişmektedir ve beslenme müdahale yaklaşımlarının, tedavi semptom yönetiminin zamanında yapılması gerekmektedir.

Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne (WHO) bağlı kuruluş olan Uluslararası Kanser Araştırmaları Ajansı (IARC), 15 Aralık 2020 küresel kanser yükü raporu “2020 yılında dünya genelinde yaklaşık olarak 19,3 milyon bireyin yeni kanser tanısı aldığını bu sayının, 2040 yılı itibari ile tahmini 28,4 milyona ulaşabileceğini’’ öngörmektedir. Kanser, hastalığın hem kendisi, hem de tedavi yöntemlerinin (kemoterapi, radyoterapi, cerrahi vb. ) getirdiği fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyoekonomik sorunlar ile hastaların yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Kanser hastaları son yıllarda geleneksel tedavi yöntemlerine ek olarak sağlığın iyileştirilmesi, kanser tekrarlama riskinin en aza indirilmesi, tedavilerinin yan etkilerinin azaltılması, bağışıklık sisteminin güçlendirilmesi kısacası yaşam kalitelerini iyileştirmek gibi nedenlere dayanarak alternatif tedavi seçeneklerine yönelmekte, bitkileri kurutarak, yağ, drog veya çay olarak kullanmaktadırlar. Sarı kantaron da kanser hastaları arasında harici olarak veya tüketilerek kullanılan bitkilerden birisidir. Bu tür bitkiler her ne kadar, doğal, zararsız gibi düşünülerek, hastalığa fayda sağlaması sebebiyle tüketimde yer alsa da biyolojik olarak aktif bileşikler içermektedirler. Aynı zamanda kanser hastalarında kemoterapi ilaçları da dahil olmak üzere reçete edilen diğer ilaçlarla da potansiyel olarak etkileşime girebilmekte, tedaviyle çakışabilmektedir. Bu derleme yazıda Sarı kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.) bitkisinin tanımlaması, olumlu yönleri, etkileşimlerin oluşabileceği mekanizmalar, olası yan etkiler ve güvenilir olup olmadığı yönünde kanser hastaları ve sağlık profesyonellerini bilgilendirmek amaçlanmaktadır.

Carbofuran (CAR) is an extremely toxic carbamate insecticide that poses serious threats to both environmental and human health, which necessitates highly sensitive analytical methods for its detection in food matrices. This research introduced a novel strategy for CAR detection, presenting the synergistic interaction between molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and a carbon black–graphitic carbon nitride (CB-g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite. By integrating the high-affinity, specific recognition capabilities of MIPs with the superior electrochemical sensing performance of the CB-g-C₃N₄ platform, the developed methodology significantly improved the sensitivity and selectivity in pesticide analysis. Following the modification of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the CB-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite, the CAR-imprinted sensing interface was fabricated via cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electropolymerization process was conducted in a solution containing 100.0 mM pyrrole (Py) as the functional monomer and 25.0 mM CAR as the template molecule. This controlled electrochemical deposition facilitated the formation of a selective MIP layer, which effectively provided specific recognition sites on the nanocomposite-modified surface. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited a linear dynamic range ranging from 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ M to 5.0 × 10⁻⁸ M. Furthermore, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 3.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ M, which highlights the sensor’s high sensitivity and its suitability for monitoring pesticide traces. To evaluate the practical utility of the proposed electrochemical sensor, its performance was investigated using orange juice samples. The analytical results demonstrated excellent recovery rates close to 100%, confirming the sensor’s ability to operate effectively within complex food matrices.

Background: A limited number of studies have analyzed outcomes following surgery for infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with opioid misuse. Therefore, this study aimed to assess post-surgery survival rates for IE in opioid users compared to those with community-acquired IE (CA-IE). The secondary outcomes included mortality, readmission, and reinfection rates during mid-term follow-up. Methods: Our retrospective study included 126 patients with IE who underwent surgical intervention from June 2007 to September 2024. Of the 126 patients, 75 were opioid abusers, while the remaining 51 were diagnosed with CA-IE. IE was diagnosed using the modified Duke criteria. To confirm malnutrition as a risk factor of mortality and morbidity MN after cardiac surgery, the patients were evaluated by an experienced dietitian preoperatively. Transthoracic echocardiography, with or without transesophageal echocardiography (TOE), was conducted to assess vegetation growth, valve dysfunction, and myocardial function. The key endpoint was mortality occurring within 30 days post-surgery. The secondary endpoints were the rates of IE recurrence, reoperation, and mortality during the follow-up period. Multivariable regression was employed to assess the relationship between mortality and opioid addiction over the follow-up period. Results: Over 65% of patients (n = 49) reported a history of intravenous heroin use, while 16 patients (21.3%) were identified as cocaine users, with various methods of admission recorded, including snorting and intravenous injection. Of the remaining 10 patients (13.3%), all had a history of using oral methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine, both of which are psychostimulant drugs, in combination with injected substances. The mean drug use duration was 9.4 years, with a standard deviation of 3.2 years, and a range of 3 to 11 years. In-hospital mortality rates were comparable between the two groups (three patients with opioid abuse (6.6%) vs. five patients with CA-IE (5.8%); p = 0.685). Isolated right-sided IE was more prevalent in individuals with opioid addiction compared to community-acquired IE (45.3% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.012), followed by mitral valve IE (14% vs. 21.5%; p = 0.004). The patients who abused opioids were significantly younger and exhibited fewer comorbidities. The mean intensive care unit duration for opioid-abusing IE patients was considerably greater than for non-abusing patients (3.9 days vs. 2.1 days; p = 0.01). The median duration of hospitalization was significantly longer for opioid users than for patients with CA-IE (49.9 ± 19.4 days vs. 27.1 ± 12.2 days; p = 0.022). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that opioid abuse (hazard ratio (HR): 2.012, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96–4.56; p = 0.002), urgent surgery (HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.41–5.12; p = 0.024), congestive heart failure (HR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.94–5.07; p = 0.032), and redo valvular surgery (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29–6.04; p = 0.002) were independent predictors of mortality. The median follow-up duration for individuals with opioid abuse and CA-IE was 60.7 ± 23.3 months and 59.4 ± 24.9 months, respectively. The incidence of readmission was more prevalent among patients who abused opioids than among those who did not. Nine opioid users with IE (12.8%) were readmitted due to a new episode of IE, whereas the readmission rate in the CA-IE group was 4% (n = 2 patients) due to recurrence of IE (odds ratio (OR): 3.96; p = 0.004). Reoperation rates in patients with a tendency to misuse opioids were considerably elevated compared to those with CA-IE (8.5% vs. 4%; OR: 4.12; p = 0.01). Conclusion: Mortality rates following surgery for IE were markedly elevated in patients with a history of opioid abuse throughout mid-term follow-up relative to those with CA-IE. Opioid users with IE had elevated readmission and reoperation rates compared to patients with community-acquired IE. Intravenous opioid administration, revision surgery, congestive heart failure, and emergency surgery were independent mortality risk factors. Prospective randomized studies are required to investigate risk factors for mortality, comorbidities, and readmission following a new episode of IE during the follow-up period.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of immunotherapy on macro- micronutrient intake and its relationship with anthropometric measurements in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The 24-hour dietary recall and anthropometric measurements were obtained from patients diagnosed with primary NSCLC receiving immunotherapy treatment at three time points (initial, 2 months, and 6 months) at Adana City Training and Research Hospital. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using SPSS v27. Results: The study included 47 individuals (M:43, F:4) with a mean age of 64.55±8.19 years; however, the data of 30 individuals (M: 28, F: 2) (due to death/progression) who were able to complete immunotherapy treatment were evaluated. As a result of immunotherapy treatment, the median values of Water (g), Carbohydrate (g), Vitamins (A, B1, B2, C, B12), Folate, Zinc, and the mean values of Energy (kcal), Protein (g), Fat (g), Fat (%), Fiber (g), Vitamin E, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Iron, in the interim and final measurements were found to be higher (p