Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are tractable, cell-free microbial outputs that can shape innate immune programs. Here, we compared OMVs from the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and the commensal strain ECOR12 in a paired within-donor model of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) (N = 20). In the core integrated arm, Mo-DCs were exposed to iDC control, EcN OMVs, or ECOR12 OMVs (10 µg/mL, 24 h) and profiled for maturation markers (CD14, CD83, CD209), cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10), and a targeted miRNA panel (miR-155-5p, let-7i-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-29a-5p). Both OMV types promoted maturation (increased CD83 and reduced CD14), but generated distinct cytokine–miRNA configurations, with ECOR12 tending toward an IL-10–high profile and EcN toward higher IL-6/TNF-α tendencies. Multivariate integration separated conditions into reproducible, strain-specific immune fingerprints, supporting the key take-home that probiotic versus commensal E. coli OMVs imprint distinguishable coordinated response states in human DCs. In an extended phenotyping arm, ECOR63 OMVs were evaluated by ELISA and flow cytometry only and were not included in miRNA profiling or integrated PCA due to unavailable matched miRNA measurements.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are promising bioelectrochemical systems for converting organic matter into electrical energy, but their practical relevance depends on both functional performance and sustainability-oriented viability. This study evaluated the bioelectrochemical behavior of double-chamber MFCs inoculated with kefir, comparing graphene and graphite anodes under fed-batch operation. A total of 33 MFC series were monitored longitudinally through voltage, current, power output, substrate consumption, and oxidation-reduction potential. Under the LED-connected closed-circuit configuration used here, kefir-inoculated reactors exhibited a reproducible electrical response together with near-complete substrate depletion. These findings support kefir as a workable mixed inoculum for comparative reactor operation under the tested conditions, although direct extracellular electron transfer and exclusive microbial causation of the measured signal were not demonstrated. Graphene showed higher early and mean electrical performance than graphite, particularly in power-related metrics, although this advantage decreased over time and did not result in a categorical separation of final batch-level outcomes. In contrast, substrate consumption remained highly similar between anode materials, indicating that the main material effect was expressed in electrochemical translation rather than in overall substrate conversion. Taxonomic profiling supported the presence of a metabolically complementary consortium dominated by lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts. Deterministic sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo-based LCA/TEA screening further showed that the most sustainable scenario was not necessarily the one with the highest electrical response, highlighting the importance of integrating performance, material burden, and uncertainty in MFC assessment.

La producción hidropónica de hortalizas representa una alternativa sostenible para mejorar la calidad nutricional de los cultivos, mediante el uso de bioestimulantes como las fitohormonas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la composición química de la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivada en un sistema hidropónico bajo condiciones de invernadero, con la aplicación de fitohormonas. Se empleó un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con tres tratamientos y tres repeticiones, totalizando nueve unidades experimentales. Uno de los tratamientos se mantuvo como testigo, sin aplicación de fitohormonas. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Kruskal-Wallis con corrección de Bonferroni. Las variables químicas evaluadas incluyeron macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) y micronutrientes (B, Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento con dos aplicaciones de fitohormonas (T2) presentó los valores más altos de N, P y K, destacándose el potasio con un 7,1%. En cuanto a micronutrientes, el tratamiento testigo (T3) mostró la mayor concentración de manganeso (239,7 ppm). También, el tratamiento con una aplicación (T1) alcanzó el mayor contenido de materia seca (12,1%), mientras que el tratamiento T2 obtuvo el valor más alto de fibra cruda (15,7%).

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from gut Escherichia coli are emerging postbiotic candidates, yet how probiotic versus commensal strains differentially program human dendritic cells (DCs) remains poorly defined. Here we compared OMVs from probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and commensal strains ECOR12 and ECOR63 in human monocyte-derived DCs, integrating cytokines and microRNAs (miRNAs). All OMVs drove DC maturation, increasing CD83 and secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α, but with strain-specific patterns: ECOR12 preferentially increased IL-10, whereas EcN and ECOR63 induced stronger IL-6/TNF-α outputs. EcN and ECOR12 OMVs upregulated miR-155-5p and let-7i-3p, while ECOR12 selectively boosted miR-146b-5p and EcN preferentially induced miR-29a-5p, linking vesicle origin to regulatory circuits controlling TLR signalling and epithelial barrier–related pathways. Principal component analysis showed that the first two components captured 96.2% of total variance, clearly segregating strains. MANOVA confirmed a robust multivariate strain effect (Pillai = 1.99, p < 2.2×10⁻¹⁶), and univariate models showed that strain explained 78–91% of cytokine variance and 98–99% of miRNA variance (R² up to 0.993). These data support OMVs as nanoscale conveyors of strain-encoded information that imprint distinct cytokine/miRNA fingerprints on DCs and provide mechanistic biomarkers for microbiota–immune crosstalk.