The transformation of Andean grains and tubers through fermentation and bioencapsulation has emerged as a key strategy to enhance their nutritional, functional, and biotechnological value, driven by advances in proteomic and metabolomic techniques. This study aimed to systematize recent evidence on the biochemical and functional modifications induced by these processes and their potential application in the development of functional foods. The methodology integrated 67 studies analyzed using tools such as R 4.5.1 with the JupyterLab interface 4.5.2, SCImago Graphica Beta 1.0.53, and VOSviewer 1.6.20, incorporating data generated through LC-MS/MS, UHPLC-QTOF, Orbitrap platforms, transcriptomics, and combined omics approaches, considering original studies published between 2020 and 2025. The main findings indicate substantial increases in free amino acids (up to 64.8%), phenolic compounds (2.9–5.2%), and antioxidant activity (up to 45%), along with the identification of 430 polyphenols, 90 flavonoids, 14 novel oxindole acetates, and bioactive peptides with IC50 values ranging from 0.51 to 0.78 mg/mL. Bioencapsulation showed controlled release of bioactive compounds, highlighting nanocapsules of 133–165 nm with a maximum release of 9.86 mg GAE/g. In conclusion, the combination of fermentation and encapsulation enhances the stability, bioavailability, and functionality of Andean crops, supporting their industrial adoption for the development of sustainable nutraceutical foods that improve health and promote the valorization of traditional resources.

The agricultural sector is undergoing a profound digital transformation driven by artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, remote sensing, robotics, blockchain, and edge computing, which are being integrated into crop monitoring, irrigation management, disease detection, and supply chain transparency systems. This study employs systematic evidence mapping to characterize the applications of emerging digital technologies in sustainable agriculture; it delineates technological trajectories, areas of application, implementation gaps, and opportunities for improvement. Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 reporting protocol, 101 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science (2020–2025) were identified, screened, and subjected to integrated thematic and bibliometric synthesis, using RStudio Version: 2026.01.1+403 and VOSviewer 1.6.20 for data mining on keywords and technological evolution patterns. Results show that deep learning and computer vision models achieved diagnostic accuracies of 90–99%, smart irrigation systems reduced water consumption by 10–30%, predictive yield models frequently reported R² values above 0.80, and greenhouse automation reduced energy consumption by approximately 20–30%. Blockchain-based architectures improved traceability and secure data transmission by 15–20%, while remote sensing integration enhanced spatial estimation accuracy up to R² = 0.92. The findings demonstrate a measurable transition toward data-driven, resource-efficient agricultural ecosystems supported by validated digital architectures. However, interoperability limitations, lack of standardized performance metrics, scalability challenges, and uneven geographical implementation—identified in nearly 40% of studies—highlight the need for harmonized evaluation frameworks, cross-platform integration standards, and long-term field validation to ensure sustainable and scalable digital transformation.

Sustainable agriculture is under increasing pressure due to climate variability, resource scarcity, and the need to reduce environmental impacts without compromising productivity. This study aimed to systematically analyze recent advances in emerging digital technologies applied to sustainable agriculture. The PRISMA protocol was applied to Scopus and Web of Science, considering publications from 2020 to 2025, which were analyzed using RStudio 4.5.10 and VOSviewer 1.6.20, resulting in 101 relevant articles. The findings indicate that multisensor monitoring and precision agriculture enable high-resolution characterization of soil–crop variability, supporting site-specific irrigation, fertilization, and phytosanitary management. Likewise, machine learning-based predictive models improve decision-making by forecasting yield, water stress, nutrient deficiencies, and disease outbreaks. In addition, edge computing and autonomous systems enhance operational efficiency and reduce labor dependency. Blockchain strengthens transparency and sustainability certification through secure traceability, while digital twins optimize management strategies through prior simulation. Despite these advances, limitations remain, including platform fragmentation, limited interoperability, uneven adoption among smallholders, and challenges in model generalization across heterogeneous agroecosystems. Therefore, further progress toward integrated and interoperable digital ecosystems is recommended.

The transformation of Andean grains and tubers through fermentation and bioencapsulation has emerged as a key strategy to enhance their nutritional, functional, and biotechnological value, driven by advances in proteomic and metabolomic techniques. This study aimed to systematize recent evidence on the biochemical and functional modifications induced by these processes and their potential application in the development of functional foods. The methodology integrated 67 studies analyzed using tools such as R 4.5.1 with the JupyterLab interface, Scimago Graphica, and VOSviewer, incorporating data generated through LC-MS/MS, UHPLC-QTOF, Orbitrap platforms, transcriptomics, and combined omics approaches, considering original studies published between 2020 and 2025. The main findings indicate substantial increases in free amino acids (up to 64.8%), phenolic compounds (2.9–5.2%), and antioxidant activity (up to 45.0%), along with the identification of 430 polyphenols, 90 flavonoids, 14 novel oxindoleacetates, and bioactive peptides with IC50 values ranging from 0.51 to 0.78 mg/mL. Bioencapsulation showed controlled release of bioactive compounds, high-lighting nanocapsules of 133–165 nm with a maximum release of 9.86 mg GAE/g. In conclusion, the combination of fermentation and encapsulation enhances the stability, bioavailability, and functionality of Andean crops, supporting their industrial adoption for the development of sustainable nutraceutical foods that improve health and promote the valorization of traditional resources.

El objetivo de la investigación fue aplicar la gestión integrada de operaciones para incrementar la rentabilidad de la empresa Agropecuaria La Fortuna S.A.C., en el año 2022. La investigación fue cuantitativa, aplicada, nivel explicativo y diseño pre experimental. La muestra fue la rentabilidad del año 2022 - 2023, el muestreo fue no probabilístico. Como técnica se utilizó la revisión bibliográfica y la revisión documental, asimismo, el instrumento fue la ficha bibliográfica, árbol de ratios financieros y la base de datos. Los resultados evidenciaron un nivel deficiente en la administración empresarial, para ello se utilizó el pensamiento sistémico, donde se llevó a cabo el modelamiento de los subsistemas de manera sincrónica e integrada, permitiendo desarrollar las estrategias empresariales (visión, misión, objetivos, diseño del producto, 4 P´s de marketing, punto de equilibrio, MOF, estrategias de operaciones y finanzas), considerando los subsistemas conducidos y regulador para predecir con efectos del subsistema perturbador, logrando incrementar el nivel de rentabilidad de 12.94% en el año 2022 a una rentabilidad de 61.42% en el año 2023. Llegando a la conclusión que un modelo de gestión integrada de operaciones (GIO) mejora la rentabilidad de una empresa agropecuaria.

In the context of current challenges to achieving sustainable development, the circular economy emerges as a viable alternative to transform traditional production processes. This study evaluated the impact of a circular economy model on an agricultural enterprise, using a mixed-methods approach that combined qualitative and quantitative analysis of sustainability indicators. The sample consisted of the company’s internal processes, employing techniques such as documentary analysis, direct observation, and simulation. The results indicated a 95% plant survival rate, with an average annual fruit yield of 5 kg, limited by soil fertility and irrigation issues. Following the implementation of the circular model, productive land increased from 35% to 50%, access to freshwater improved from 25% to 40%, and the efficiency in the use of material and energy resources rose from 45% to 60%. Additionally, there were improvements in personnel knowledge (from 65% to 75%), team health (from 60% to 70%), manufacturing capacity (from 50% to 65%), and financial health (from 55% to 70%). In summary, the model significantly contributed to the environmental, economic, and social strengthening of the company, highlighting the importance of integrating such practices into business policies to advance sustainable development.