Objective: To evaluate hepatic artery Doppler parameters in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to investigate their relationship with composite adverse neonatal outcomes (CANO). Methods: This prospective cohort study included 108 pregnancies (54 FGR; 54 appropriate-for-gestational-age controls) between 34 and 37 weeks’ gestation. Hepatic artery (HA), umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and uterine artery Doppler indices were recorded. Logistic regression and ROC analyses were used to determine predictors of FGR and CANO. Results: HA pulsatility index (PI), systolic/diastolic ratio, and peak systolic velocity (PSV) were significantly higher in FGR fetuses (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression, HA-PI remained independently associated with FGR (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.07–2.87, p = 0.025). For predicting CANO, HA-PSV was the only independent predictor (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.10, p = 0.020). ROC analysis demonstrated moderate discriminative ability for HA-PI (AUC 0.681) and HA-PSV (AUC 0.703). Conclusions: Increased HA-PSV in FGR reflects activation of the hepatic arterial buffer response as an adaptive mechanism to maintain hepatic perfusion under hypoxic stress, whereas elevated HA-PI may represent evolving microvascular resistance. Hepatic artery Doppler evaluation may serve as a complementary tool for assessing fetal well-being and identifying fetuses at risk for adverse neonatal outcomes, particularly in late-onset FGR.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, necessitating new treatment strategies. Curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenol, and gemcitabine (Gem), a standard chemotherapeutic, were investigated for their combined anticancer effects. We hypothesized that Cur sensitizes breast cancer cells to Gem via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis, and that this effect is associated with selective oxidative vulnerability in malignant cells compared to normal breast epithelial cells. MCF-7 (hormone receptor-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) cells were treated with Cur and Gem alone or in combination. Normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells were included to evaluate therapeutic selectivity. Cell viability (MTT), apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), oxidative stress (TOS/TAS), intracellular ROS generation (DCFH-DA assay), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) (JC-1 staining), caspase activation, synergy (Bliss/HSA/Chou-Talalay), VEGF secretion (ELISA), and transcriptomic changes (RNA-Seq) were assessed. Cur and Gem showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Combination treatment demonstrated strong synergistic activity, significantly enhancing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and caspase activation. Direct quantification of intracellular ROS revealed marked ROS accumulation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells following combination treatment, whereas MCF-10A cells exhibited only modest oxidative changes. JC-1 analysis demonstrated substantial mitochondrial depolarization in breast cancer cells, which was largely reversible by ROS scavenging and minimal in MCF-10A cells. VEGF secretion was markedly suppressed. Transcriptomic analysis revealed profound alterations in apoptosis, cell cycle, and angiogenesis-related pathways, with more pronounced transcriptional reprogramming observed in the triple-negative subtype. Cur synergistically enhances Gem’s efficacy in breast cancer cells through ROS-mediated apoptosis and anti-angiogenic effects, characterized by cancer-selective ROS amplification and mitochondrial membrane depolarization, supporting its potential as a combination therapy, particularly for triple-negative breast cancer.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) followed by different treatment methods. Methods Our study was carried out with 141 cases whose pregnancy follow ups were made in Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Cases which had GDM screening with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of 50 cases with 75-g OGTT results in normal range, Group 2 consisted of 50 cases which had significant 75-g OGTT results and followed up by diet (A1), and Group 3 consisted of 41 cases which were diagnosed with GDM as a result of 75-g OGTT and received diet as well as medical therapy (A2). Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was administered to the patients in Group 1 in 24th week, and to patients in Groups 2 and 3 in the 24th and 32nd weeks. Results In the first evaluation of the patients, BAI scores of the control group were statistically found to be significantly lower than the patients with GDM (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in BAI scores among patients diagnosed with GDM, and high anxiety scores were found in both groups. There was a significant decrease in anxiety levels in the Groups 2 and 3 after the treatment (p<0.01). In the Group 2, the BAI scores were observed to decrease from 51.76±4.47 to 45.62±3.65, and from 51.73±5.27 to 41.48±3.29 in the Group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusion In addition to the metabolic disorders brought by the disease itself, GDM can cause various problems by increasing the levels of anxiety in patients. With an effective treatment for glycemic control, anxiety levels of patients can be reduced.

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer remains a major global health challenge, and treatment resistance limits the long-term success of chemotherapy. Drug repurposing strategies offer new opportunities for improving therapeutic outcomes by combining existing agents with established chemotherapeutics. Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor commonly used in type 2 diabetes, has recently gained attention for its potential anticancer effects. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects of sitagliptin and doxorubicin, individually and in combination, on human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and to determine whether their combined use exerts a synergistic anticancer effect. Methods: HeLa cells were treated for 48 h with increasing concentrations of sitagliptin, doxorubicin, or their combination. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and caspase-8/9 activity assays. Synergy was quantified using the Chou–Talalay method, and Combination Index (CI) values were used to determine synergistic interactions. Intracellular ROS levels were measured using the DCFDA assay. Migration and invasion capacities were analyzed using wound healing and Transwell assays. MMP-1, MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 levels were quantified via ELISA with normalization to viable cell counts. Gene expression levels of PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathway components were measured by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatic analyses (STRING, GeneMANIA, GO, KEGG) were performed to identify common molecular targets and enriched pathways affected by both agents. Results: The combination of sitagliptin and doxorubicin significantly reduced cell viability and demonstrated a synergistic interaction (CI < 1). Combined treatment induced a marked increase in ROS production and significantly elevated apoptosis rates compared to monotherapies. Caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities were also higher in the combination group. Migration and invasion assays revealed substantial suppression of cell motility and invasive capacity. After normalization to viable cell numbers, MMP and TIMP reductions remained significant, confirming true biological inhibition rather than cell-death–related artifacts. qRT-PCR analyses showed downregulation of Akt and ERK expression, indicating suppression of key survival and proliferation pathways. Bioinformatic analyses supported these findings by highlighting enrichment in apoptotic, oxidative stress, and metastasis-related pathways. Conclusions: Sitagliptin enhances the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin by amplifying ROS-mediated apoptosis, inhibiting migration and invasion, and modulating PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling in cervical cancer cells. The combination exhibits a clear synergistic effect and demonstrates strong potential as a supportive therapeutic strategy. These findings warrant further in vivo and clinical-level investigations to evaluate the translational applicability of sitagliptin in cervical cancer therapy.