Nanocapsules are submicroscopic colloidal drug carrier systems composed of an oily or an aqueous core surrounded by a thin polymer membrane. Two technologies can be used to obtain such nanocapsules: the interracial polymerization of a monomer or the interfacial nanodeposition of a preformed polymer. This article is an extended review of these nanocapsule technologies and their applications for the treatment of various diseases (including cancer and infections).