Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS), have been extensively studied for their multifaceted impacts on social and emotional well-being. Recently, there has been growing interest in their potential relationship with fracture risks in adulthood. This study aims to explore the associations between these disorders and fracture rates, in order to facilitate better prevention and treatment. Methods: Employing a novel approach, this study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the complex interplay between ADHD, ASD, TS, and fractures. The MR framework, leveraging extensive genomic datasets, facilitated a systematic examination of potential causal relationships and genetic predispositions. Results: The findings unveil intriguing bidirectional causal links between ADHD, ASD, and specific types of fractures. Notably, ADHD is identified as a risk factor for fractures, with pronounced associations in various anatomical regions, including the skull, trunk, and lower limbs. Conversely, individuals with specific fractures, notably those affecting the femur and lumbar spine, exhibit an increased genetic predisposition to ADHD and ASD. In this research, no correlation was found between TS and fractures, or osteoporosis.These results provide a genetic perspective on the complex relationships between NDDs and fractures, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, intervention, and a holistic approach to healthcare. Conclusion: This research sheds new light on the intricate connections between NDDs and fractures, offering valuable insights into potential risk factors and causal links. The bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD, ASD, and specific fractures highlight the need for comprehensive clinical approaches that consider both NDDs and physical well-being.

Objective: Poor sleep quality is common among university students, yet its association with overall dietary patterns remains unclear. This research investigated how dietary patterns relate to poor sleep quality in a population of Chinese university students, using a cross-sectional design. Methods: From September to December 2024, we conducted a cross-sectional study at two universities in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. A total of 1,497 students were recruited using cluster sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) covering 12 major food groups. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between dietary pattern scores and poor sleep quality. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified. In fully adjusted models, each 1-SD increase in the PCA3 score was associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality OR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70 to 0.93). A significant dose-response trend was observed across PCA3 quintiles ( P for trend = 0.001), and associations were generally consistent across demographic and mental health subgroups. No significant associations were observed for the PCA1 or the PCA2. Conclusion: Higher adherence to the PCA3-characterized by higher intakes of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and dairy products-was associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality among Chinese university students.

Background Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS), have been extensively studied for their multifaceted impacts on psychological, social, and emotional well-being. Recently, there has been growing interest in their potential relationship with fracture risks in adulthood. This study aims to explore the associations between these disorders and fracture rates, considering factors like self-harm and the impact of psychotropic medications. Methods Employing a novel approach, this study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the complex interplay between ADHD, ASD, TS, and fractures. The MR framework, leveraging extensive genomic datasets, facilitated a systematic examination of potential causal relationships and genetic predispositions. Results The findings unveil intriguing bidirectional causal links between ADHD, ASD, and specific types of fractures. Notably, ADHD is identified as a risk factor for fractures, with pronounced associations in various anatomical regions, including the skull, trunk, and lower limbs. Conversely, individuals with specific fractures, notably those affecting the femur and lumbar spine, exhibit an increased genetic predisposition to ADHD and ASD. These results provide a genetic perspective on the complex relationships between neurodevelopmental disorders and fractures, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, intervention, and a holistic approach to healthcare. Conclusion This research sheds new light on the intricate connections between neurodevelopmental disorders and fractures, offering valuable insights into potential risk factors and causal links. The bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD, ASD, and specific fractures highlight the need for comprehensive clinical approaches that consider both psychological and physical well-being. Early diagnosis, pharmacological interventions, and diligent monitoring of bone health are essential components of improved healthcare strategies for individuals with ADHD and ASD.