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Global sustainability relies on our capacity of understanding and guiding urban systems and their metabolism adequately. It has been proposed that bigger and denser cities are more resource-efficient than smaller ones because they tend to demand less infrastructure, consume less fuel for transportation and less energy for cooling/heating in per capita terms. This hypothesis is also called Brand’s Law. However, as cities get bigger, denser and more resource-efficient, they also get richer, and richer inhabitants consume more, potentially increasing resource demand and associated environmental impacts. In this paper, we propose a method based on scaling theory to assess Brand’s Law taking into account greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both direct (energy and fuels locally consumed) and indirect (embedded in goods and services) sources, measured as carbon footprint (CF). We aim at understanding whether Brand’s Law can be confirmed once we adopt a consumption-based approach to urban emissions. By analyzing the balance between direct and indirect emissions in a theoretical urban system, we develop a scaling theory relating carbon footprint and city size. Facing the lack of empirical data on consumption-based emissions for cities, we developed a model to derive emission estimations using well-established urban metrics (city size, density, infrastructure, wealth). Our results show that, once consumption-based CF is considered, Brand’s Law falls apart, as bigger cities have greater purchase power, leading to greater consumption of goods and higher associated GHG. Findings also suggest that a shift in consumption patterns is of utmost importance, given that, according to the model, each new monetary unit added to the gross domestic product (GDP) or to other income variables results in a more than proportional increase in GHG emissions. This work contributes to a broader assessment of the causes of emissions and the paradigm shift regarding the assumption of efficiency in the relationship of city size and emissions, adding consumption behavior as a critical variable, beyond Brand’s Law.
Joao Meirelles; Fabiano Ribeiro; Gabriel Cury; Claudia Binder; Vinicius Netto. More from Less? Environmental Rebound Effects of City Size. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4028 .
AMA StyleJoao Meirelles, Fabiano Ribeiro, Gabriel Cury, Claudia Binder, Vinicius Netto. More from Less? Environmental Rebound Effects of City Size. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):4028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoao Meirelles; Fabiano Ribeiro; Gabriel Cury; Claudia Binder; Vinicius Netto. 2021. "More from Less? Environmental Rebound Effects of City Size." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 4028.
Revista de Morfologia Urbana. Uma publicação do PNUM Portuguese-Speaking Network of Urban Morphology
Vinicius M. Netto; Julio Celso Borello Vargas; Renato Tibiriçá De Saboya. A revolução dos dados e a nova ciência das cidades (Editorial). Revista de Morfologia Urbana 2020, 8, e00173 -e00173.
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, Julio Celso Borello Vargas, Renato Tibiriçá De Saboya. A revolução dos dados e a nova ciência das cidades (Editorial). Revista de Morfologia Urbana. 2020; 8 (1):e00173-e00173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; Julio Celso Borello Vargas; Renato Tibiriçá De Saboya. 2020. "A revolução dos dados e a nova ciência das cidades (Editorial)." Revista de Morfologia Urbana 8, no. 1: e00173-e00173.
Does the scaling relationship between population sizes of cities with urban metrics like economic output and infrastructure (transversal scaling) mirror the evolution of individual cities in time (longitudinal scaling)? The answer to this question has important policy implications, but the lack of suitable data has so far hindered rigorous empirical tests. In this paper, we advance the debate by looking at the evolution of two urban variables, GDP and water network length, for over 5500 cities in Brazil. We find that longitudinal scaling exponents are city-specific. However, they are distributed around an average value that approaches the transversal scaling exponent provided that the data is decomposed to eliminate external factors, and only for cities with a sufficiently high growth rate. We also introduce a mathematical framework that connects the microscopic level to global behaviour, finding good agreement between theoretical predictions and empirical evidence in all analyzed cases. Our results add complexity to the idea that the longitudinal dynamics is a micro-scaling version of the transversal dynamics of the entire urban system. The longitudinal analysis can reveal differences in scaling behavior related to population size and nature of urban variables. Our approach also makes room for the role of external factors such as public policies and development, and opens up new possibilities in the research of the effects of scaling and contextual factors.
Fabiano L. Ribeiro; Joao Meirelles; Vinicius M. Netto; Camilo Rodrigues Neto; Andrea Baronchelli. On the relation between transversal and longitudinal scaling in cities. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0233003 .
AMA StyleFabiano L. Ribeiro, Joao Meirelles, Vinicius M. Netto, Camilo Rodrigues Neto, Andrea Baronchelli. On the relation between transversal and longitudinal scaling in cities. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0233003.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabiano L. Ribeiro; Joao Meirelles; Vinicius M. Netto; Camilo Rodrigues Neto; Andrea Baronchelli. 2020. "On the relation between transversal and longitudinal scaling in cities." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5: e0233003.
Resumo O presente artigo tem dois objetivos. Primeiro, traça um panorama inicial da pesquisa sobre forma urbana no Brasil e no Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, discute algumas características das abordagens desenvolvidas nesse contexto bem como sinaliza possibilidades para o campo, incluindo expansões conceituais e metodológicas capazes de reconhecer as conexões entre forma urbana, cognição e dinâmicas sociais. Segundo, ilustra essas possibilidades com uma nova abordagem sobre a forma urbana como “informação”. A abordagem explora os modos como preservamos informação no ambiente físico e semântico das cidades e como usamos essa informação ambiental para atuar e tomar decisões sobre ações e interações a realizar. Para entender o papel da informação ambiental na ação e cooperação social, a abordagem reúne modelos computacionais de cidades e comportamentos bem como medidas de informação e entropia latentes nas estruturas físicas e semânticas das cidades. Esses métodos permitem examinar cidades com grande grau de detalhe e interpretar diferenças entre ambientes urbanos como “assinaturas de informação” potencialmente consistentes com diferentes culturas espaciais. Finalmente, a abordagem permite avaliar o impacto de diferentes ambientes urbanos sobre ações e graus de cooperação entre as pessoas.
Vinicius M. Netto. Da forma urbana à cidade como informação. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto. Da forma urbana à cidade como informação. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana. 2020; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto. 2020. "Da forma urbana à cidade como informação." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 12, no. : 1.
Revista de Morfologia Urbana. Uma publicação do PNUM Portuguese-Speaking Network of Urban Morphology
David Seamon; Vinicius M. Netto. In Memoriam: Bill Hillier (1937–2019). Revista de Morfologia Urbana 2019, 7, e00122 -e00122.
AMA StyleDavid Seamon, Vinicius M. Netto. In Memoriam: Bill Hillier (1937–2019). Revista de Morfologia Urbana. 2019; 7 (2):e00122-e00122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Seamon; Vinicius M. Netto. 2019. "In Memoriam: Bill Hillier (1937–2019)." Revista de Morfologia Urbana 7, no. 2: e00122-e00122.
Revista de Morfologia Urbana. Uma publicação do PNUM Portuguese-Speaking Network of Urban Morphology
Vinicius M. Netto. ‘Olhos novos’: Traços de Bill Hillier no labirinto da memória. Revista de Morfologia Urbana 2019, 7, e00119 -e00119.
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto. ‘Olhos novos’: Traços de Bill Hillier no labirinto da memória. Revista de Morfologia Urbana. 2019; 7 (2):e00119-e00119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto. 2019. "‘Olhos novos’: Traços de Bill Hillier no labirinto da memória." Revista de Morfologia Urbana 7, no. 2: e00119-e00119.
Na recente chamada de artigos para a Revista de Morfologia Urbana, fizemos a autores nos países lusófonos a seguinte pergunta: O que a forma das cidades tem a ver com as formas de apropriação das cidades? Recebemos dezenas de artigos buscando e desenvolvendo respostas, que foram avaliados e selecionados para compor o volume 7(1) da RMU.
Júlio Celso Borello Vargas; Renato T. Saboya; Vinicius M. Netto. A forma urbana no "aqui" e no "agora" (Editorial). Revista de Morfologia Urbana 2019, 7, e00090 -e00090.
AMA StyleJúlio Celso Borello Vargas, Renato T. Saboya, Vinicius M. Netto. A forma urbana no "aqui" e no "agora" (Editorial). Revista de Morfologia Urbana. 2019; 7 (1):e00090-e00090.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJúlio Celso Borello Vargas; Renato T. Saboya; Vinicius M. Netto. 2019. "A forma urbana no "aqui" e no "agora" (Editorial)." Revista de Morfologia Urbana 7, no. 1: e00090-e00090.
Resumo Cidades crescem em importância como polos de concentração de população, assim como em seu papel potencial como fontes de poluição atmosférica. Este artigo investiga possíveis impactos de aspectos da forma urbana nas concentrações desses contaminantes. Dado que esse é um tema ainda incipiente em estudos urbanos no Brasil, a pesquisa traz uma abordagem panorâmica do problema. O artigo discute o estado da arte sobre interações entre poluição, elementos naturais e condições climáticas. Expõe uma série de impactos da poluição do ar para a população e o meio ambiente e as interações entre a qualidade do ar e forma urbana apontando a carência de pesquisas na área. Em seguida, desenvolve uma forma de modelagem e avaliação dessas relações, e apresenta um estudo de caso na cidade do Rio de Janeiro envolvendo métodos estatísticos aplicados aos poluentes monóxido de carbono (CO), dióxido de enxofre (SO2) e partículas inaláveis (PI); a variáveis morfológicas (taxa de ocupação e percentagem de verticalização de quadras); e meteorológicas (direção e velocidade do vento, precipitação pluvial e temperatura do ar). A pesquisa encontra indícios de relações entre forma urbana e poluentes atmosféricos, apontando graus de influência da taxa de ocupação e da verticalização na concentração dos poluentes considerados, e sugere novas frentes de abordagem empírica e metodológica.
Juliana Lúcio Motta Maia; Vinicius M. Netto; Bruno Lucian Gonçalves da Costa. Forma urbana e poluição atmosférica: impactos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 2019, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleJuliana Lúcio Motta Maia, Vinicius M. Netto, Bruno Lucian Gonçalves da Costa. Forma urbana e poluição atmosférica: impactos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana. 2019; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuliana Lúcio Motta Maia; Vinicius M. Netto; Bruno Lucian Gonçalves da Costa. 2019. "Forma urbana e poluição atmosférica: impactos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 11, no. : 1.
From physics to the social sciences, information is now seen as a fundamental component of reality. However, a form of information seems still underestimated, perhaps precisely because it is so pervasive that we take it for granted: the information encoded in the very environment we live in. We still do not fully understand how information takes the form of cities, and how our minds deal with it in order to learn about the world, make daily decisions, and take part in the complex system of interactions we create as we live together. This paper addresses three related problems that need to be solved if we are to understand the role of environmental information: (1) the physical problem: how can we preserve information in the built environment? (2) The semantic problem: how do we make environmental information meaningful? and (3) the pragmatic problem: how do we use environmental information in our daily lives? Attempting to devise a solution to these problems, we introduce a three-layered model of information in cities, namely environmental information in physical space, environmental information in semantic space, and the information enacted by interacting agents. We propose forms of estimating entropy in these different layers, and apply these measures to emblematic urban cases and simulated scenarios. Our results suggest that ordered spatial structures and diverse land use patterns encode information, and that aspects of physical and semantic information affect coordination in interaction systems.
Vinicius M. Netto; Edgardo Brigatti; João Meirelles; Fabiano L Ribeiro; Bruno Pace; Caio Cacholas; Patricia Sanches. Cities, from Information to Interaction. Entropy 2018, 20, 834 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, Edgardo Brigatti, João Meirelles, Fabiano L Ribeiro, Bruno Pace, Caio Cacholas, Patricia Sanches. Cities, from Information to Interaction. Entropy. 2018; 20 (11):834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; Edgardo Brigatti; João Meirelles; Fabiano L Ribeiro; Bruno Pace; Caio Cacholas; Patricia Sanches. 2018. "Cities, from Information to Interaction." Entropy 20, no. 11: 834.
From physics to the social sciences, information is now seen as a fundamental component of reality. However, a form of information seems still underestimated, perhaps precisely because it is so pervasive that we take it for granted: the information encoded in the very environment we live in. We still do not fully understand how information takes the form of cities, and how our minds deal with it in order to learn about the world, make daily decisions, and take part in the complex system of interactions we create as we live together. This paper addresses three related problems that need to be solved if we are to understand the role of environmental information: (1) the physical problem: how can we preserve information in the built environment? (2) The semantic problem: how do we make environmental information meaningful? And (3) the pragmatic problem: how do we enact environmental information in our daily lives? Attempting to devise a solution to these problems, we introduce a three-layered model of information in cities, namely environmental information in physical space, environmental information in semantic space, and the information enacted by interacting agents. We propose forms of calculating entropy in these different layers, and apply these measures to archetypal urban cases and simulated scenarios. Our results suggest that ordered spatial structures and diverse land use patterns encode information, and that aspects of physical and semantic information affect coordination in interaction systems.
Vinicius M. Netto; Edgardo Brigatti; João Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro; Bruno Pace; Caio Cacholas; Patricia Sanches. Cities, from Information to Interaction. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, Edgardo Brigatti, João Meirelles, Fabiano L. Ribeiro, Bruno Pace, Caio Cacholas, Patricia Sanches. Cities, from Information to Interaction. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; Edgardo Brigatti; João Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro; Bruno Pace; Caio Cacholas; Patricia Sanches. 2018. "Cities, from Information to Interaction." , no. : 1.
From physics to the social sciences, information is now seen as a fundamental component of reality. However, a form of information seems still underestimated, perhaps precisely because it is so pervasive that we take it for granted: the information encoded in the very environment we live in. We still do not fully understand how information takes the form of cities, and how our minds deal with it in order to learn about the world, make daily decisions, and take part in the complex system of interactions we create as we live together. This paper addresses three related problems that need to be solved if we are to understand the role of environmental information: (1) the physical problem: how can we preserve information in the built environment? (2) The semantic problem: how do we make environmental information meaningful? and (3) the pragmatic problem: how do we use environmental information in our daily lives? Attempting to devise a solution to these problems, we introduce a three-layered model of information in cities, namely environmental information in physical space, environmental information in semantic space, and the information enacted by interacting agents. We propose forms of estimating entropy in these different layers, and apply these measures to emblematic urban cases and simulated scenarios. Our results suggest that ordered spatial structures and diverse land use patterns encode information, and that aspects of physical and semantic information affect coordination in interaction systems.
Vinicius M. Netto; Edgardo Brigatti; João Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro; Bruno Pace; Caio Cacholas; Patricia Mara Sanches. Cities, from information to interaction. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, Edgardo Brigatti, João Meirelles, Fabiano L. Ribeiro, Bruno Pace, Caio Cacholas, Patricia Mara Sanches. Cities, from information to interaction. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; Edgardo Brigatti; João Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro; Bruno Pace; Caio Cacholas; Patricia Mara Sanches. 2018. "Cities, from information to interaction." , no. : 1.
Resumo Como ações pessoais, aparentemente caóticas, podem gerar os imensos sistemas de interações em que vivemos? Neste artigo, buscamos responder a esta pergunta sugerindo que há um papel para as cidades, na forma de coordenar nossas ações. Investigamos esse processo explorando um conceito particular: a “entropia” ou como sistemas lidam com a incerteza e imprevisibilidade na transição de ações individuais para sistemas de ação. Examinando as condições de (i) as ações como dependentes da informação em seu ambiente e de (ii) a cidade como ambiente de informação, propomos que (iii) a cidade produz diferenças na probabilidade de que certas interações venham a ser realizadas. Investigamos este processo através de simulações de diferentes cenários, de modo a identificar o espaço como uma condição necessária, mas não suficiente, para reduzir entropia social. Finalmente, sugerimos que os estados e flutuações da entropia são uma parte vital da reprodução social, e revelam profundas conexões entre sistemas sociais, informacionais e espaciais.
Vinicius M. Netto; João Meirelles; Fabiano L Ribeiro. Cidade e interação: o papel do espaço urbano na organização social. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 2018, 10, 249 -267.
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, João Meirelles, Fabiano L Ribeiro. Cidade e interação: o papel do espaço urbano na organização social. urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana. 2018; 10 (2):249-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; João Meirelles; Fabiano L Ribeiro. 2018. "Cidade e interação: o papel do espaço urbano na organização social." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 10, no. 2: 249-267.
Vinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Maíra Pinheiro; Henrique Lorea. A temporal geography of encounters. Cybergeo 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, João Vitor Meirelles, Maíra Pinheiro, Henrique Lorea. A temporal geography of encounters. Cybergeo. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Maíra Pinheiro; Henrique Lorea. 2018. "A temporal geography of encounters." Cybergeo , no. : 1.
Integrating social and spatial networks will be critical to new approaches to cities as systems of interaction. In this paper, we focus on the spatial and temporal conditions of encounters as a key condition for the formation of social networks. Drawing on classic approaches such as Freeman’s concept of segregation as ‘restriction on contact’, Hägerstrand’s time-geography, and recent explorations of social media locational data, we analysed the space-time structure of potential encounters latent in the urban trajectories of people with different income levels in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This approach allows us to estimate trajectories examining spatiotemporal positions in tweets, and assess spaces of potential encounter and levels of social diversity on the streets. Finally, we discuss the utility and limitations of an approach developed to grasp how clusters of encounters between groups with different income levels are produced.
Vinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Maíra Pinheiro; Henrique Lorea. A temporal geography of encounters. 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, João Vitor Meirelles, Maíra Pinheiro, Henrique Lorea. A temporal geography of encounters. . 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Maíra Pinheiro; Henrique Lorea. 2018. "A temporal geography of encounters." , no. : 1.
A integração de redes sociais e espaciais é fundamental para novas abordagens a cidades como sistemas de interacção. Neste artigo, propomos uma maneira de analisar as condições espaciais e temporais do encontro como condição da formação de redes sociais. Reunindo abordagens clássicas como a geografia temporal de Hägerstrand e o conceito de segregação como ‘restrição de contato’ de Freeman, e explorações recentes de dados de localização via mídia digital, analisamos a estrutura espaço-temporal de encontros potenciais nas trajetórias urbanas de usuários do Twitter diferenciados por níveis de renda no Rio de Janeiro. Esta abordagem permite estimar as posições dos usuários, visualizar grupos de renda e suas trajetórias no espaço urbano, identificar espaços de encontro potencial e os níveis de diversidade e segregação nos espaços públicos. O artigo conclui com uma discussão dos achados empíricos e a utilidade desta ‘geografia temporal dos encontros’ potenciais na cidade, possível a partir da introdução de novas tecnologias de comunicação digital móvel.
Vinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Maíra Pinheiro; Henrique Lorea. Uma geografia temporal do encontro. Revista de Morfologia Urbana 2017, 5, 85 -101.
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, João Vitor Meirelles, Maíra Pinheiro, Henrique Lorea. Uma geografia temporal do encontro. Revista de Morfologia Urbana. 2017; 5 (2):85-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Maíra Pinheiro; Henrique Lorea. 2017. "Uma geografia temporal do encontro." Revista de Morfologia Urbana 5, no. 2: 85-101.
How can individual acts amount to coherent systems of interaction? In this paper, we attempt to answer this key question by suggesting that there is a place for cities in the way we coordinate seemingly chaotic decisions. We look into the elementary processes of social interaction exploring a particular concept, “social entropy,” or how social systems deal with uncertainty and unpredictability in the transition from individual actions to systems of interaction. Examining possibilities that (i) actions rely on informational differences latent in their environments and that (ii) the city itself is an information environment to actions, we propose that (iii) space becomes a form of creating differences in the probabilities of interaction. We investigate this process through simulations of distinct material scenarios, to find that space is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the reduction of entropy. Finally, we suggest that states and fluctuations of entropy are a vital part of social reproduction and reveal a deep connection between social, informational, and spatial systems.
Vinicius M. Netto; Joao Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro. Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy. Complexity 2017, 2017, 1 -16.
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, Joao Meirelles, Fabiano L. Ribeiro. Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy. Complexity. 2017; 2017 ():1-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; Joao Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro. 2017. "Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy." Complexity 2017, no. : 1-16.
This paper introduces the main ideas of an integrated approach intended to address three vital yet relatively little explored dimensions in the social and material shaping of cities. First, it looks into ‘cities as systems of encounters’ in time and space – or how we find ourselves co-present with those like us or those different from us in public and private places. Second, it introduces a view to ‘cities as systems of communication’ – or how cities become contexts that help us to produce linguistic exchanges and create massive action systems from seemingly trivial situations. Third, it looks into ‘cities as systems of material interaction’ – or why we shape and fold space into urban space in order to express interactions in complex conditions of interdependence. Finally, the paper discusses substantive and epistemological issues regarding the improbable connections between the elusiveness of actions and the perennial tangibility of their spatialities.
Vinicius M. Netto. ‘The social fabric of cities’: a tripartite approach to cities as systems of interaction. Area Development and Policy 2017, 2, 130 -153.
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto. ‘The social fabric of cities’: a tripartite approach to cities as systems of interaction. Area Development and Policy. 2017; 2 (2):130-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto. 2017. "‘The social fabric of cities’: a tripartite approach to cities as systems of interaction." Area Development and Policy 2, no. 2: 130-153.
How can individual acts amount to coherent systems of interaction? In this paper, we attempt to answer this key question by suggesting that there is a place for cities in the way we coordinate seemingly chaotic decisions. We look into the elementary processes of social interaction exploring a particular concept, “social entropy,” or how social systems deal with uncertainty and unpredictability in the transition from individual actions to systems of interaction. Examining possibilities that (i) actions rely on informational differences latent in their environments and that (ii) the city itself is an information environment to actions, we propose that (iii) space becomes a form of creating differences in the probabilities of interaction. We investigate this process through simulations of distinct material scenarios, to find that space is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the reduction of entropy. Finally, we suggest that states and fluctuations of entropy are a vital part of social reproduction and reveal a deep connection between social, informational, and spatial systems.
Vinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro. Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy. 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleVinicius M. Netto, João Vitor Meirelles, Fabiano L. Ribeiro. Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy. . 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVinicius M. Netto; João Vitor Meirelles; Fabiano L. Ribeiro. 2017. "Social Interaction and the City: The Effect of Space on the Reduction of Entropy." , no. : 1.