The chapter examines territorial inequalities in Italy’s ‘inner areas’, defined as fragile due to demographic, social, economic, and environmental factors. Brought back to national attention by the National Strategy for Inner Areas, these regions have seen growing academic and policy interest. However, the chapter stresses the need to view them as structurally disadvantaged, lacking essential services and shaped by long-term marginalization and depopulation. It highlights the importance of territorial context in shaping life opportunities and explores the multiple dimensions of fragility affecting these areas.

This paper examines several trends in contemporary tourism: the broadening of the very notion of a “tourist destination”, alongside the growing importance of providing a diversified and territorially integrated supply; the opportunities that tourism may offer to some “marginal” areas; and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which calls for a rethinking of more sustainable and responsible forms of travel, both for the environment and for the people encountered along the way. Tourism related to walking routes and trails appears to benefit from all of these trends, and indeed, this segment has shown clear growth in Italy. The paper then considers the potential and critical issues of this sector in Forlì-Cesena County, with a focus on the nine Apennine municipalities included in the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI). Through an analysis of local tourism promotion websites, a secondary analysis of statistical data, and 19 questionnaire–interviews with local stakeholders, this study examines an area where tourism is growing but remains largely concentrated on the coast. Although the potential of walking routes is confirmed by the various itineraries crossing this area, their actual use and impact on local development still appear limited.