Background: With the rapid digital transformation and the extensive use of social media platforms, disseminating various forms of harmful digital content—including illegal content and false or misleading information, particularly when financially incentivised—has become a pressing global challenge. These practices threaten digital trust and pose significant risks to societal stability. Despite the growing legal efforts to address these crimes, a unified and comprehensive legal framework remains lacking. This study examines the criminal liability associated with paid disinformation in the digital world, comparing the legal approach under UAE law with the European Digital Services Act (DSA). While the UAE has enacted specific provisions targeting the monetisation of disinformation, the European framework primarily focuses on the responsibilities of digital platforms without explicitly addressing individual actors involved in such activities. Methods: This study employs a comparative legal analysis, focusing on relevant legislative provisions in both jurisdictions. The research applies an analytical and comparative approach, examining Article 55 of the UAE’s Anti-Rumours and Cybercrime Law, which explicitly criminalises financial incentives for disseminating illegal content. In contrast, the study assesses the European DSA, which primarily regulates platform accountability but lacks direct provisions on individual criminal liability for paid disinformation. The analysis also incorporates doctrinal legal research and case studies to highlight the effectiveness and limitations of each legal system in combating this issue. Results and Conclusions: The study finds that UAE law provides a more structured and detailed legal framework for addressing paid disinformation, offering clear criminal sanctions for individuals engaged in such acts. Conversely, the European DSA adopts a broader regulatory approach, focusing on institutional oversight without directly addressing the criminal liability of individuals involved in monetised disinformation. The research recommends that European legislation adopt a more specific model to combat these crimes, integrating direct criminal accountability alongside platform regulation. Additionally, the study emphasises the need for enhanced international cooperation and regulatory harmonisation to strengthen digital transparency and mitigate the risks posed by financially motivated disinformation.

Corruption is a constant dilemma that challenges societies and manifests itself differently in every state and civilization. This phenomenon has disastrous consequences on the economy and society. After clarifying the different approaches to corruption, this paper sheds light on the types of corruption and its causes. Sources of corruption can lie in the weakness of the rule of law, judiciary, internal control system, and low wages (Sumpf, Araji, & Crompton, 2016). This paper also examines important anti-corruption instruments such as international and regional organizations, and governmental and non-governmental bodies. It intends to review the state of corruption at the national level and how Jordan and Iraq tackled corruption by analyzing the data of the reports published by the transparency organization and the local authorities: the Jordanian Integrity and Anti-Corruption Commission and the Iraqi Federal Commission of Integrity. The aim is to show what these nations have done on a domestic level to fulfill the international requirement to reduce corruption. This study found that most anti-corruption laws are laws to establish relevant bodies and departments, but they are not special laws to combat corruption crimes. Moreover, although Iraq and Jordan joined international and regional conventions to combat corruption, they have not been fully successful in curbing it. The main recommendations based on these findings are to increase the role of international and local monitoring agencies, enforce written laws, and enhance cooperation between agencies. Arab countries must establish clear public policies and strategies for combating corruption.

In the light of the state’s economic revolution and tremendous techniques sweeping the communication in the recent years which seeks to establish the concept of e­government practically, and the huge increase in using the Internet by all member of society including companies that depend on e-commerce, the UAE legislator is keen to report on criminal protection of a website by issuing the Federal Decree-Law No. 34 for the year 2021 on Combating Rumours and Cybercrime. This research aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the UAE law in combating hackers who attack and spy on sensitive data of financial, commercial, or economic establishments. To achieve that, the researcher examined the concept, legal nature, and components of a website similar to a previous study conducted in Ukraine (Nekit, Ulianova, & Kolodi, 2019). The researcher opted to check what the website means and state its advantages and disadvantages, and then dealt with all forms of penal protection of the website in the UAE law as well as the general rules of responsibility for the crimes of hacking, and finished the research by conclusion including the most important findings and recommendations such as that the UAE legislator needs to amend the text of Article 75 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, so as to monitor wired and wireless conversations including the website. A command should be issued from the judge, so as to be justified and useful in revealing the truth

Background: In the rapidly evolving landscape of genomics and biotechnology, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has launched the Emirates Genome Program to harness the potential of genomic technologies for advancing healthcare services. Central to this initiative is the informed and voluntary participation of citizens in genetic research aimed at contributing to national health objectives through genetic data utilisation. Notably, the enactment of UAE Decree-Law No. (49) of 2023 underscores the importance of safeguarding genomic privacy as a foundational element for data security and individual rights. This study addresses the challenge of striking a delicate balance between individual genetic rights and the pressing scientific and medical needs of genomic research. It aims to analyse the right to genomic privacy and examine crimes associated with the unauthorised analysis of biological samples. Methods: This research employed an analytical legal methodology and a comparative approach to explore the crime of disclosing genomic data. By analysing Decree-Law No. (49) of 2023 and other relevant Emirati legislation, we examined the legal framework governing genomic research and data protection in the UAE. Comparative legal analysis was then conducted between Emirati and French laws to identify similarities and differences in approaches to genomic data disclosure crimes. The study also considered international standards and ethical principles to provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary understanding of the intersection of law, ethics, and science in genomic privacy. Results and conclusions: This study’s findings underscore the necessity of establishing a robust legal framework that safeguards individual rights and ensures the confidentiality of genetic data. Such measures are crucial for fostering public trust in genomic research and aligning the UAE's genomic endeavours with rigorous ethical and legal standards. Ultimately, Decree-Law No. (49) of 2023 exemplifies the state's commitment to promoting ethical and legal practices in genomic research, thereby facilitating sustainable advancements in medical science.

1. Introduction. – 1.1. The Study Importance. – 1.2. The Study Problem. – 1.3. The Study Objectives. – 1.4. The Study Approach. – 2. The Meaning of the Crimes of Disseminating and Promoting Discrimination and Hate Speech. – 2.1. The Definition of Discrimination and Hate in Jurisprudential Terms. – 2.2. The Definition of Discrimination and Hate Crimes In Law. – 2.3. The Characteristics of Disseminating and Promoting Discrimination and Hate Speech. – 3. The Penalty for the Crime of Disseminating and Promoting Discrimination and Hate Speech in the Emirati Law. – 3.1. Lenient Sentencing. – 3.2. Penalty with its Severe Image (Severe Conditions). – 4. Results and Conclusions. – 5. Recommendations.

Money laundering is one of the most serious economic crimes. It is linked to all criminal activities, generates substantial illegal profits, and has always posed a serious threat to national and international economies. Most countries employ multiple approaches to fight this crime. The UAE has implemented several laws to tackle money laundering. In this regard, the UAE issued Federal Law No. 4 of 2002 on Anti-money Laundering. This article defines the concept of money laundering and explores its economic effects in the UAE. It also identifies the approaches taken against this crime at national and international levels. It concludes with recommendations for further research.