This is an exclusively systematic background study reviewing 85 Mesozoic (latest Jurassic and Cretaceous) cockroaches and praying mantises from northern palaeo-polar (i.e. deposited within polar circles) deposits in Yakutia, Taimyr, Khabarovsk, Magadan and Chukotka (Russia), revealing 15 new species, which are herein characterised using systematic two-way analysis. The taphonomic conditions within these ‘Arctic’ paleo- polar sites were strongly influenced by long periods of pre-depositional transport.

Biomedical data (structured and unstructured) has grown dramatically in strength and volume over the last few years. Innovative, intelligent, and autonomous scientific approaches are needed to examine the large data sets that are gradually becoming widely available. In order to predict unique symmetric and asymmetric patterns, there is also an increasing demand for designing, analyzing, and understanding such complicated data sets. In this paper, we focused on a different way of processing biological and medical data. We provide an overview of known methods as well as a look at optimized mathematical approaches in the field of biological data analysis. We deal with the RGB threshold algorithm, new filtering based on the histogram and on the RGB model, the Image J program, and the structural similarity index method (SSIM) approaches. Finally, we compared the results with the open-source software. We can confirm that our own software based on new mathematical models is an extremely suitable tool for processing biological images and is important in research areas such as the detection of iron in biological samples. We study even symmetric and asymmetric properties of the iron existence as a design analysis of the biological real data. Unique approaches for clinical information gathering, organizing, analysis, information retrieval, and inventive implementation of contemporary computing approaches are all part of this research project, which has much potential in biomedical research. These cutting-edge multidisciplinary techniques will enable the detection and retrieval of important symmetric and asymmetric patterns, as well as the faster finding of pertinent data and the opening of novel learning pathways.

Metals are essential for the physiological and biochemical processes in the human brain. However, their accumulation can cause neurotoxic effects, including the generation of reactive oxygen species and structural changes in biomolecules. This study aimed to assess the presence and distribution of metals in the human globus pallidus internus using Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Post-mortem brain tissue samples from six individuals without clinical neuropathological findings were analysed. PIXE analysis revealed the presence of Fe, Cr, Al, Zn, Pb, and Ca. SEM-EDX analysis provided the qualitative elemental composition of an observed aggregate, revealing C, N, O, Na, Ca, Al, Si, S, K, Mg, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Cr. Our findings suggest that metal accumulation in the brain can result from environmental pollution and protein aggregation, as well as biomineralisation processes that sequester metal ions to mitigate their harmful effects. A deeper understanding of these accumulation pathways could contribute to improved therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases associated with metal toxicity.

This study aims to statistically compare two methods for determining ²¹⁰Pb in tobacco: the molecular recognition sorbent method (AnaLig Sr01) and the extraction chromatography sorbent method (Sr Resin). The TriCarb 3100 TR liquid scintillation spectrometer was used to measure and determine ²¹⁰Pb activity in the tobacco solution. Statistical analysis confirmed the accuracy and precision of the ²¹⁰Pb measurements, with high detection efficiencies of 82% for both AnaLig Sr01 and Sr Resin. The linear model demonstrated that the residuals followed the Gaussian model, without any autocorrelation or trend. Paired t tests showed consistent results across all methods, and all solid-phase extraction methods proved efficient for ²¹⁰Pb separations in tobacco samples. These findings provide support for the suitability of both methods and lay a foundation for future articles on tobacco and cigarette samples.

Background/Objectives: Marginal fit is a key determinant of the clinical performance of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided DesignComputer-Aided Manufacturing) inlay restorations. This in vitro study compared the vertical marginal gap (VMG) of three chairside CAD/CAM inlay materials—VITA Enamic, CEREC Tessera, and Celtra Duo—using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) under a standardized digital workflow. Methods: Standardized Class I inlay preparations were performed in 15 extracted human molars (n = 5/material). Restorations were fabricated using a chairside workflow (Primescan intraoral scanning, CEREC 5.3 design, Primemill milling) followed by material-specific surface treatment and cementation with a self-adhesive resin cement. VMG was measured on SEM micrographs (500× for quantitative measurements; 200× for orientation) at three sites (mesial, central, distal), with three points per site (nine points/tooth; 135 point measurements). Triplicate points were averaged to site-level means and analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model (fixed effects: material, site, material × site; random intercept: tooth), Type II ANOVA, and Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Results: Mean VMG values were lowest for Celtra Duo (8.09 ± 1.98 µm), followed by VITA Enamic (27.90 ± 29.76 µm) and CEREC Tessera (32.72 ± 21.80 µm). The model indicated an overall effect of material (F(2,36) = 3.51, p = 0.040), whereas site and material × site effects were not significant. Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Within the standardized chairside workflow evaluated, an overall material effect on VMG was detected, but pairwise separation was inconclusive in this sample with overlapping distributions. Celtra Duo showed smaller VMG values with narrower dispersion in overall per-tooth means, while VITA Enamic and CEREC Tessera showed wider and overlapping distributions; all group means were below commonly cited clinical acceptability ranges for marginal gap.

Syncytiotrophoblast (STB) vacuolization is common in term placentas, yet identical-appearing vacuoles are interpreted as physiological or degenerative depending on context, and, to our knowledge, a systematic description of their regional distribution within the STB in a defined cohort of uncomplicated term placentas is lacking. This pilot study aimed to define the regional organization of STB vacuolization in terminal villi within a single, consistently defined sampling site in uncomplicated term pregnancies. Using standardized transmission electron microscopy (TEM) protocols and blinded, independent scoring, we qualitatively evaluated vacuolar profiles in the subapical, perinuclear, and basal STB regions of placentas from ten uncomplicated singleton term pregnancies. Vacuolization followed a consistent, recurrent regional pattern across the cohort—small electron-lucent vesicles beneath the microvillous border, heterogeneous membrane-delimited compartments perinuclearly, and occasional larger vacuoles basally. These membrane-delimited profiles (membrane delimitation being an inclusion criterion) were observed in fields with preserved mitochondria and maintained microvillous architecture, suggesting that the regional context within the syncytial cytoplasm, rather than the mere presence of vacuoles, represents a candidate morphological criterion for distinguishing physiological vesicular activity from nonspecific degeneration, requiring direct validation against pathological comparator tissue. This pilot study is descriptive and requires validation in larger cohorts, pathological comparator groups, and complementary molecular approaches before its conclusions can be generalized; the proposed preliminary descriptive framework may offer a starting point for future studies interpreting trophoblast alterations in placental pathology and for contextualizing emerging environmental exposures, such as microplastic particles, at the maternal–fetal interface.