In the context of promoting strategies to mitigate the global warming effect resulting from greenhouse gas emissions produced by human activities, ammonia stands out as an important player in the decarbonization of various sectors, including transportation, energy, and other industries. Ammonia is an effective carrier of hydrogen, having three times the volumetric energy density of hydrogen itself. In this study, the authors present findings obtained from a group of experiments and simulations conducted on a diesel engine operating at a constant speed and under different loads, using a dual-fuel method in which ammonia was injected into the intake manifold to partially replace the original diesel fuel. The results demonstrate that it is possible to reduce fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions. NO_x dropped by 40.8% and soot by 13.4% under heavy load, while under light load, they dropped by 50.5% and 23.3%, respectively.

In the current context of developing strategies to mitigate global warming driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, hydrogen and ammonia have emerged as critical vectors for the decarbonization of the transportation, energy, and industrial sectors. Ammonia, specifically, serves as a highly effective hydrogen carrier, possessing three times the volumetric energy density of hydrogen. In this study, the authors present experimental findings from a compression ignition (CI) engine operating at a constant speed across two distinct loads. A dual-fuel strategy was employed, wherein ammonia was injected into the intake manifold to partially displace conventional diesel fuel. The results demonstrate that optimizing ammonia injection leads to a significant smoke reduction of up to 73.43% and a decrease in CO₂ emissions of approximately 15.7%, albeit with a relative BTE penalty of 9.14% and an NO_x increase of 9.30% at the lower load setting. These findings strongly align with earlier research, providing further evidence that ammonia effectively mitigates soot and carbon-based emissions while simultaneously reducing fuel consumption and smoke opacity.