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Prof. Dr. Cristina Cortis
Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino e Lazio Meridionale

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0 Exercise
0 sport
0 Monitoring and Evaluation
0 evaluation and assessment
0 Physical Activity and Health

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Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Exercise prescription based on exercise test results is complicated by the need to downregulate the absolute training intensity to account for cardiovascular drift in order to achieve a desired internal training load. We tested a recently developed generalized model to perform this downregulation using metabolic equivalents (METs) during exercise testing and training. A total of 20 healthy volunteers performed an exercise test to define the METs at 60, 70, and 80% of the heart rate (HR) reserve and then performed randomly ordered 30 min training bouts at absolute intensities predicted by the model to achieve these levels of training intensity. The training HR at 60 and 70% HR reserve, but not 80%, was significantly less than predicted from the exercise test, although the differences were small. None of the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values during training were significantly different than predicted. There was a strong overall correlation between predicted and observed HR (r = 0.88) and RPE (r = 0.52), with 92% of HR values within ±10 bpm and 74% of RPE values within ±1 au. We conclude that the generalized functional translation model is generally adequate to allow the generation of early absolute training loads that lead to desired internal training loads.

ACS Style

Tristan Tyrrell; Jessica Pavlock; Susan Bramwell; Cristina Cortis; Scott Doberstein; Andrea Fusco; John Porcari; Carl Foster. Functional Translation of Exercise Responses from Exercise Testing to Exercise Training: The Test of a Model. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 66 .

AMA Style

Tristan Tyrrell, Jessica Pavlock, Susan Bramwell, Cristina Cortis, Scott Doberstein, Andrea Fusco, John Porcari, Carl Foster. Functional Translation of Exercise Responses from Exercise Testing to Exercise Training: The Test of a Model. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (3):66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tristan Tyrrell; Jessica Pavlock; Susan Bramwell; Cristina Cortis; Scott Doberstein; Andrea Fusco; John Porcari; Carl Foster. 2021. "Functional Translation of Exercise Responses from Exercise Testing to Exercise Training: The Test of a Model." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 3: 66.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Walking tests, such as the 6-min walk test (6MWT), are popular methods of estimating peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in clinical populations. However, the strength of the distance vs. VO2peak relationship is not strong, and there are no equations for estimating ventilatory threshold (VT), which is important for training prescription and prognosis. Since the 6MWT is often limited by walking mechanics, prediction equations that include simple additional predictors, such as the terminal rating of perceived exertion (RPE), hold the potential for improving the prediction of VO2max and VT. Therefore, this study was designed to develop equations for predicting VO2peak and VT from performance during the 6MWT, on the basis of walking performance and terminal RPE. Clinically stable patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program (N = 63) performed the 6MWT according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. At the end of each walk, the subject provided their terminal RPE on a 6–20 Borg scale. Each patient also performed a maximal incremental treadmill test with respiratory gas exchange to measure VO2peak and VT. There was a good correlation between VO2peak and 6MWT distance (r = 0.80) which was improved by adding the terminal RPE in a multiple regression formula (6MWT + RPE, R2 = 0.71, standard error of estimate, SEE = 1.3 Metabolic Equivalents (METs). The VT was also well correlated with walking performance, 6MWT distance (r = 0.80), and was improved by the addition of terminal RPE (6MWT + RPE, R2 = 0.69, SEE = 0.95 METs). The addition of terminal RPE to 6MWT distance improved the prediction of maximal METs and METs at VT, which may have practical applications for exercise prescription.

ACS Style

John Porcari; Carl Foster; Maria Cress; Rachel Larson; Hannah Lewis; Cristina Cortis; Scott Doberstein; Marc Donahue; Andrea Fusco; Kimberly Radtke. Prediction of Exercise Capacity and Training Prescription from the 6-Minute Walk Test and Rating of Perceived Exertion. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 52 .

AMA Style

John Porcari, Carl Foster, Maria Cress, Rachel Larson, Hannah Lewis, Cristina Cortis, Scott Doberstein, Marc Donahue, Andrea Fusco, Kimberly Radtke. Prediction of Exercise Capacity and Training Prescription from the 6-Minute Walk Test and Rating of Perceived Exertion. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (2):52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

John Porcari; Carl Foster; Maria Cress; Rachel Larson; Hannah Lewis; Cristina Cortis; Scott Doberstein; Marc Donahue; Andrea Fusco; Kimberly Radtke. 2021. "Prediction of Exercise Capacity and Training Prescription from the 6-Minute Walk Test and Rating of Perceived Exertion." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 2: 52.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Exercise training is an important component of clinical exercise programs. Although there are recognized guidelines for the amount of exercise to be accomplished (≥70,000 steps per week or ≥150 min per week at moderate intensity), there is virtually no documentation of how much exercise is actually accomplished in contemporary exercise programs. Having guidelines without evidence of whether they are being met is of limited value. We analyzed both the weekly step count and the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) of patients (n = 26) enrolled in a community clinical exercise (e.g., Phase III) program over a 3-week reference period. Step counts averaged 39,818 ± 18,612 per week, with 18% of the steps accomplished in the program and 82% of steps accomplished outside the program. Using the sRPE method, inside the program, the patients averaged 162.4 ± 93.1 min per week, at a sRPE of 12.5 ± 1.9 and a frequency of 1.8 ± 0.7 times per week, for a calculated exercise load of 2042.5 ± 1244.9 AU. Outside the program, the patients averaged 144.9 ± 126.4 min, at a sRPE of 11.8 ± 5.8 and a frequency of 2.4 ± 1.5 times per week, for a calculated exercise load of 1723.9 ± 1526.2 AU. The total exercise load using sRPE was 266.4 ± 170.8 min per week, at a sRPE of 12.6 ± 3.8, and frequency of 4.2 ± 1.1 times per week, for a calculated exercise load of 3359.8 ± 2145.9 AU. There was a non-linear relationship between steps per week and the sRPE derived training load, apparently attributable to the amount of non-walking exercise accomplished in the program. The results suggest that patients in a community clinical exercise program are achieving American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, based on the sRPE method, but are accomplishing less steps than recommended by guidelines.

ACS Style

Katrina Schultz; Carl Foster; Kimberley Radtke; Susan Bramwell; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; John Porcari. Workload Accomplished in Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 47 .

AMA Style

Katrina Schultz, Carl Foster, Kimberley Radtke, Susan Bramwell, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, John Porcari. Workload Accomplished in Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (2):47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katrina Schultz; Carl Foster; Kimberley Radtke; Susan Bramwell; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; John Porcari. 2021. "Workload Accomplished in Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 2: 47.

Editorial
Published: 23 March 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Ever since the farm boy, Milo of Crotone, lifted a growing bullock every day, to become the strongest man in the world, and six-time champion of the ancient Olympic Games, we have known about the principle of progression of exercise training

ACS Style

Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco. Exercise Evaluation and Prescription. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 31 .

AMA Style

Carl Foster, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco. Exercise Evaluation and Prescription. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (1):31.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco. 2021. "Exercise Evaluation and Prescription." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 1: 31.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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During competitive events, the pacing strategy depends upon how an athlete feels at a specific moment and the distance remaining. It may be expressed as the Hazard Score (HS) with momentary HS being shown to provide a measure of the likelihood of changing power output (PO) within an event and summated HS as a marker of how difficult an event is likely to be perceived to be. This study aimed to manipulate time trial (TT) starting strategies to establish whether the summated HS, as opposed to momentary HS, will improve understanding of performance during a simulated cycling competition. Seven subjects (peak PO: 286 ± 49.7 W) performed two practice 10-km cycling TTs followed by three 10-km TTs with imposed PO (±5% of mean PO achieved during second practice TT and a self-paced TT). PO, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), lactate, heart rate (HR), HS, summated HS, session RPE (sRPE) were collected. Finishing time and mean PO for self-paced (time: 17.51 ± 1.41 min; PO: 234 ± 62.6 W), fast-start (time: 17.72 ± 1.87 min; PO: 230 ± 62.0 W), and slow-start (time: 17.77 ± 1.74 min; PO: 230 ± 62.7) TT were not different. There was a significant interaction between each secondary outcome variable (PO, RPE, lactate, HR, HS, and summated HS) for starting strategy and distance. The evolution of HS reflected the imposed starting strategy, with a reduction in PO following a fast-start, an increased PO following a slow-start with similar HS during the last part of all TTs. The summated HS was strongly correlated with the sRPE of the TTs (r = 0.88). The summated HS was higher with a fast start, indicating greater effort, with limited time advantage. Thus, the HS appears to regulate both PO within a TT, but also the overall impression of the difficulty of a TT.

ACS Style

Sylvia Binkley; Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Jos de Koning; Christopher Dodge; Scott Doberstein; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; John Porcari. Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1984 .

AMA Style

Sylvia Binkley, Carl Foster, Cristina Cortis, Jos de Koning, Christopher Dodge, Scott Doberstein, Andrea Fusco, Salvador Jaime, John Porcari. Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1984.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sylvia Binkley; Carl Foster; Cristina Cortis; Jos de Koning; Christopher Dodge; Scott Doberstein; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; John Porcari. 2021. "Summated Hazard Score as a Powerful Predictor of Fatigue in Relation to Pacing Strategy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1984.

Brief report
Published: 20 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Although cycling class intensity can be modified by changing interval intensity sequencing, it has not been established whether the intensity order can alter physiological and perceptual responses. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of interval intensity sequencing on energy expenditure (EE), physiological markers, and perceptual responses during indoor cycling. Healthy volunteers (10 males = 20.0 ± 0.8years; 8 females = 21.3 ± 2.7years) completed three randomly ordered interval bouts (mixed pyramid—MP, ascending intervals—AI, descending intervals—DI) including three 3-min work bouts at 50%, 75%, and 100% of peak power output (PPO) and three 3-min recovery periods at 25% PPO. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were expressed as percentages of maximal HR (%HRmax) and VO2 (%VO2max). EE was computed for both the work bout and for the 5-min recovery period. Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE) and Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES) were recorded. No differences emerged for % HRmax (MP = 73.3 ± 6.1%; AI = 72.1 ± 4.9%; DI = 71.8 ± 4.5%), % VO2max (MP = 51.8 ± 4.6%; AI = 51.4 ± 3.9%; DI = 51.3 ± 4.5%), EE (MP = 277.5 ± 39.9 kcal; AI = 275.8 ± 39.4 kcal; DI = 274.9 ± 42.1 kcal), EES (MP = 4.9 ± 1.0; AI = 5.3 ± 1.1; DI = 4.9 ± 0.9), and sRPE (MP = 4.9 ± 1.0; AI = 5.3 ± 1.1; DI = 4.9 ± 0.9). EE during recovery was significantly (p < 0.005) lower after DI (11.9 ± 3.2 kcal) with respect to MP (13.2 ± 2.5 kcal) and AI (13.3 ± 2.5 kcal). Although lower EE was observed during recovery in DI, interval intensity sequencing does not affect overall EE, physiological markers, and perceptual responses.

ACS Style

Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Mitchell Cook; Scott Doberstein; Cordial Gillette; John Porcari; Carl Foster. Indoor Cycling Energy Expenditure: Does Sequence Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 870 .

AMA Style

Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Mitchell Cook, Scott Doberstein, Cordial Gillette, John Porcari, Carl Foster. Indoor Cycling Energy Expenditure: Does Sequence Matter? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Mitchell Cook; Scott Doberstein; Cordial Gillette; John Porcari; Carl Foster. 2021. "Indoor Cycling Energy Expenditure: Does Sequence Matter?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 870.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.

ACS Style

Alice Iannaccone; Daniele Conte; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco. Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 392 .

AMA Style

Alice Iannaccone, Daniele Conte, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco. Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (2):392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alice Iannaccone; Daniele Conte; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco. 2021. "Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2: 392.

Journal article
Published: 04 January 2021 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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TeamGym is a popular form of gymnastics, including tumbling (Tu), trampette (Tr) and floor exercises (F) characterized by intensive practice placing high levels of stress on athletes. The aim of the study was to investigate athletes’ stress-related changes during TeamGym training and competition, considering hormonal and enzymatic responses (i.e., salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase). Ten (5 males and 5 females) TeamGym athletes (age: 22–28 y) were tested twice at the same time before training and competition; furthermore, for excluding circadian effect on hormonal and enzymatic responses, they were tested at the same time during a rest day. Alpha-amylase and cortisol were measured 15 min before the beginning of exercise, after each gymnastic equipment performance, and after thirty minutes from the end of the performance. Factorial ANOVA with repeated measures was used to verify differences between training and competition (p < 0.05). Competition elicited higher values of alpha-amylase than training (p ranging from 0.001 to 0.019) and rest (p ranging from 0.001 to 0.019). Cortisol showed no exercise induced increase, and its concentrations were higher prior to training compared to competition. TeamGym responses confirm other sports findings in stating that competition elicits higher stress response than training and suggest that salivary alpha-amylase is a more sensitive marker than cortisol to psychophysiological stress also in gymnastics intermittent performance.

ACS Style

Roberta De Pero; Carlo Minganti; Giuseppe Cibelli; Cristina Cortis; Maria Piacentini. The Stress of Competing: Cortisol and Amylase Response to Training and Competition. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2021, 6, 5 .

AMA Style

Roberta De Pero, Carlo Minganti, Giuseppe Cibelli, Cristina Cortis, Maria Piacentini. The Stress of Competing: Cortisol and Amylase Response to Training and Competition. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2021; 6 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta De Pero; Carlo Minganti; Giuseppe Cibelli; Cristina Cortis; Maria Piacentini. 2021. "The Stress of Competing: Cortisol and Amylase Response to Training and Competition." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 1: 5.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the intensity of SuperJump® workout as a home-based activity for fulfilling physical activity recommendations during COVID-19 home-confinement. Seventeen (males: n = 10; females: n = 7) college students (age: 25.8 ± 2.7 years; height: 1.7 ± 0.1 m; weight: 66.2 ± 12.1 kg) participated in the study. To assess the intensity of the activity (30-min), heart rate (HR), expressed as percentages of age-predicted maximal HR (%HRmax), and session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), collected on a CR10 scale, were used. %HRmax data were categorically separated in five classes of intensity according to the American College of Sport Science’s guidelines. Enjoyment was evaluated using the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate differences (p < 0.05) in relation to gender and exercise intensity. No gender difference emerged for %HRmax and sRPE. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) %HRmax were found for the moderate intensity (47.1 ± 34.4%) with respect to very light (3.6 ± 6.9%), light (14.5 ± 23.3%) and vigorous (34.6 ± 39.6%) and for the vigorous intensity with respect to very light; no near maximal to maximal values were observed. Subjects perceived SuperJump® as moderate (sRPE = 3.1 ± 1.2) while showing high levels of enjoyability (PACES = 86.6 ± 16.2%). SuperJump® can be classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity, representing an effective alternative and enjoyable home-based activity for preventing the effects of a sedentary lifestyle during home-confinement.

ACS Style

Alice Iannaccone; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Sara Baldassano; Jill Cooper; Patrizia Proia; Cristina Cortis. Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10135 .

AMA Style

Alice Iannaccone, Andrea Fusco, Salvador Jaime, Sara Baldassano, Jill Cooper, Patrizia Proia, Cristina Cortis. Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10135.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alice Iannaccone; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Sara Baldassano; Jill Cooper; Patrizia Proia; Cristina Cortis. 2020. "Stay Home, Stay Active with SuperJump®: A Home-Based Activity to Prevent Sedentary Lifestyle during COVID-19 Outbreak." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10135.

Journal article
Published: 13 September 2020 in Heliyon
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Computerized wobble boards (WB) are used to objectively assess balance in healthy and chronic ankle instability individuals. As in field setting health professionals might not own WB, objective evaluations are not always feasible. Therefore, the aim of this tudy was to investigate the contribution of sagittal plane joints angular-displacement and anthropometrics to predict equations to estimate WB performance by portable two-dimensional motion analysis (2D-MA) and cross-validate the developed equations in chronic ankle instability individuals. Thirty-nine healthy and twenty chronic ankle instability individuals stood on a WB in single stance position. The balance test consisted of three 30s trials per limb keeping the platform flat at 0°. Trials were video recorded, and three time-segments joints angular-displacement analyzed with 2D-MA: segment 1 (T1) including 30s data, segment 2 (T2) from second 0 to 10, segment 3 (T3) only the first 5s. Mixed regression for multilevel models was used to estimate WB performance for each time-segment and to examine limb differences for the predicted WB performance in chronic ankle instability sample. The accuracy of the equations to detect injured limbs was calculated via area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic. Ankle and knee angular-displacement parameters, body height and lower limb length were the major predictors of WB performance for the extrapolated models (p < 0.05; R2 = 0.83–0.56). The measured WB performance and T1 model showed significant (p < 0.05) performance differences between the injured and uninjured limbs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an asymptotic significance of 0.03 for T1 equation with area under the curve of 0.70. The proposed models provide different methods to quantify the performance and accurately detect the injured limb in individuals with unilateral chronic ankle instability, when measuring balance via WB might not be feasible. App-makers may use the equations to provide an automatic all-in-one system to monitor the performance status and progress.

ACS Style

Andrea Fusco; Philip X. Fuchs; Marianna De Maio; Herbert Wagner; Cristina Cortis. A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Heliyon 2020, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Andrea Fusco, Philip X. Fuchs, Marianna De Maio, Herbert Wagner, Cristina Cortis. A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Heliyon. 2020; 6 (9):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Fusco; Philip X. Fuchs; Marianna De Maio; Herbert Wagner; Cristina Cortis. 2020. "A novel approach to measuring wobble board performance in individuals with chronic ankle instability." Heliyon 6, no. 9: 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Applied Sciences
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether coordinative jump training that induces neuromuscular stimuli can affect balance performance, associated with injury risk, in elite-level female volleyball players. During the competitive season, the balance performance of 12 elite female players (highest Austrian division) was obtained via a wobble board (WB; 200 Hz) placed on an AMTI force plate (1000 Hz). Three identically repeated measurements defined two intervals (control and intervention phases), both comparable in duration and regular training. The intervention included 6 weeks of differential training (8 sessions of 15–20 min) that delivered variations in dynamics around the ankle joints. Multilevel mixed models were used to assess the effect on postural control. WB performance decreased from 27.0 ± 13.2% to 19.6 ± 11.3% during the control phase and increased to 54.5 ± 16.2% during the intervention (β = 49.1 ± 3.5; p < 0.001). Decreased sway area [cm²] (β = −7.5 ± 1.6; p < 0.001), anterior–posterior (β = −4.1 ± 0.4; p < 0.001) and mediolateral sway [mm] (β = −2.7 ± 0.6; p = 0.12), and mean velocity [mm∙s−1] (β = −9.0 ± 3.6; p < 0.05) were observed during the intervention compared with the control phase. Inter-limb asymmetry was reduced (β = −41.8 ± 14.4; p < 0.05). The applied training concept enhanced balance performance and postural control in elite female volleyball players. Due to the low additional physiological loads of the program and increased injury risk during the competitive season, we recommend this intervention for supporting injury prevention during this period.

ACS Style

Philip Fuchs; Andrea Fusco; Cristina Cortis; Herbert Wagner. Effects of Differential Jump Training on Balance Performance in Female Volleyball Players. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5921 .

AMA Style

Philip Fuchs, Andrea Fusco, Cristina Cortis, Herbert Wagner. Effects of Differential Jump Training on Balance Performance in Female Volleyball Players. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):5921.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip Fuchs; Andrea Fusco; Cristina Cortis; Herbert Wagner. 2020. "Effects of Differential Jump Training on Balance Performance in Female Volleyball Players." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 5921.

Viewpoint
Published: 12 August 2020 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Although there is evidence supporting the benefit of regular exercise, and recommendations about exercise and physical activity, the process of individually prescribing exercise following exercise testing is more difficult. Guidelines like % heart rate (HR) reserve (HRR) require an anchoring maximal test and do not always provide a homogenous training experience. When prescribing HR on the basis of % HRR, rating of perceived exertion or Talk Test, cardiovascular/perceptual drift during sustained exercise makes prescription of the actual workload difficult. To overcome this issue, we have demonstrated a strategy for “translating” exercise test responses to steady state exercise training on the basis of % HRR or the Talk Test that appeared adequate for individuals ranging from cardiac patients to athletes. However, these methods depended on the nature of the exercise test details. In this viewpoint, we combine these data with workload expressed as Metabolic Equivalent Task (METs). We demonstrate that there is a regular stepdown between the METs during training to achieve the same degree of homeostatic disturbance during testing. The relationship was linear, was highly-correlated (r = 0.89), and averaged 71.8% (Training METs/Test METs). We conclude that it appears possible to generate a generalized approach to correctly translate exercise test responses to exercise training.

ACS Style

Carl Foster; James Anholm; Daniel Bok; Daniel Boullosa; Giancarlo Condello; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Jos De Koning; Alejandro Lucia; John Porcari; Kim Radtke; Jose Rodriguez-Marroyo. Generalized Approach to Translating Exercise Tests and Prescribing Exercise. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 63 .

AMA Style

Carl Foster, James Anholm, Daniel Bok, Daniel Boullosa, Giancarlo Condello, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Salvador Jaime, Jos De Koning, Alejandro Lucia, John Porcari, Kim Radtke, Jose Rodriguez-Marroyo. Generalized Approach to Translating Exercise Tests and Prescribing Exercise. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (3):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carl Foster; James Anholm; Daniel Bok; Daniel Boullosa; Giancarlo Condello; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Salvador Jaime; Jos De Koning; Alejandro Lucia; John Porcari; Kim Radtke; Jose Rodriguez-Marroyo. 2020. "Generalized Approach to Translating Exercise Tests and Prescribing Exercise." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 3: 63.

Editorial
Published: 18 July 2020 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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We are glad to introduce the Third Journal Club of Volume five, the third issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last years in the field of PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the Sports Medicine and Movement Sciences seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.

ACS Style

Grazia Maugeri; Velia D’Agata; Federico Roggio; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Carl Foster; Mark M. Mañago; Michael O. Harris-Love; Veronica Vleck; Maria Francesca Piacentini; Giuseppe Musumeci. The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 52 .

AMA Style

Grazia Maugeri, Velia D’Agata, Federico Roggio, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Carl Foster, Mark M. Mañago, Michael O. Harris-Love, Veronica Vleck, Maria Francesca Piacentini, Giuseppe Musumeci. The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (3):52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grazia Maugeri; Velia D’Agata; Federico Roggio; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Carl Foster; Mark M. Mañago; Michael O. Harris-Love; Veronica Vleck; Maria Francesca Piacentini; Giuseppe Musumeci. 2020. "The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 3: 52.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2020
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We are glad to introduce the Third Journal Club of Volume five, the third issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last years in the field of PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the Sports Medicine and Movement Sciences seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.

ACS Style

Grazia Maugeri; Velia D’Agata; Federico Roggio; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Carl Foster; Mark M. Mañago; Michael O. Harris-Love; Veronica Vleck; Maria Francesca Piacentini; Giuseppe Musumeci. The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion. 2020, 5, 52 -52.

AMA Style

Grazia Maugeri, Velia D’Agata, Federico Roggio, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Carl Foster, Mark M. Mañago, Michael O. Harris-Love, Veronica Vleck, Maria Francesca Piacentini, Giuseppe Musumeci. The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion. . 2020; 5 (3):52-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grazia Maugeri; Velia D’Agata; Federico Roggio; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Carl Foster; Mark M. Mañago; Michael O. Harris-Love; Veronica Vleck; Maria Francesca Piacentini; Giuseppe Musumeci. 2020. "The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: PhysioMechanics of Human Locomotion." 5, no. 3: 52-52.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Cristina Cortis; Alice Iannaccone; Salvador J. Jaime; Giovanna Vozza; Maria Gessica Diana; Annalisa Iodice; Sara Baldassano; Jill Cooper; Patrizia Proia; Andrea Fusco. A Superjump® Into ACSM Guidelines. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2020, 52, 37 -37.

AMA Style

Cristina Cortis, Alice Iannaccone, Salvador J. Jaime, Giovanna Vozza, Maria Gessica Diana, Annalisa Iodice, Sara Baldassano, Jill Cooper, Patrizia Proia, Andrea Fusco. A Superjump® Into ACSM Guidelines. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2020; 52 (7S):37-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Cortis; Alice Iannaccone; Salvador J. Jaime; Giovanna Vozza; Maria Gessica Diana; Annalisa Iodice; Sara Baldassano; Jill Cooper; Patrizia Proia; Andrea Fusco. 2020. "A Superjump® Into ACSM Guidelines." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 7S: 37-37.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
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Fusco, A, Giancotti, GF, Fuchs, PX, Wagner, H, Varalda, C, Capranica, L, and Cortis, C. Dynamic balance evaluation: reliability and validity of a computerized wobble board. J Strength Cond Res 34(6): 1709–1715, 2020—Computerized wobble boards (WBs) are inexpensive, transportable, and user-friendly devices to objectively quantify the dynamic balance performances out of laboratory settings, although it has not been established if they are reliable and valid tools. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a computerized WB. Thirty-nine (18 females and 21 males) young adults (age: 23.3 ± 2.1 years; body mass: 65.9 ± 1.8 kg; height: 168.2 ± 8.8 cm; leg length: 78.8 ± 5.7 cm; and body mass index: 23.2 ± 2.1 kg·m−2) participated in the study. Subjects were assessed during 3 separate sessions on different days with a 48-hour rest in between. A total number of 2 WB single limb tests and 1 Y Balance Test (YBT) were performed. The WB performance was registered using the proprietary software and represented by the time spent in the target zone, which represented the 0° tilt angle measured by the triaxial accelerometer in the WB. YBT normalized reach distances were recorded for the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% confidence interval, SEM, minimal detectable change, and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate intrasession and intersession reliability, whereas Pearson product moment correlation was used to determine concurrent validity. Reliability ranged from fair to excellent, showing acceptable levels of error and low minimal detectable change. However, all correlation coefficients between WB and YBT outcomes were poor. Despite the 2 methods addressing different aspects of balance performance, WB seems to validly serve its purpose and showed good reliability. Therefore, computerized WBs have the potential to become essential devices for dynamic balance assessment.

ACS Style

Andrea Fusco; Giuseppe F. Giancotti; Philip X. Fuchs; Herbert Wagner; Carlo Varalda; Laura Capranica; Cristina Cortis. Dynamic Balance Evaluation: Reliability and Validity of a Computerized Wobble Board. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2020, 34, 1709 -1715.

AMA Style

Andrea Fusco, Giuseppe F. Giancotti, Philip X. Fuchs, Herbert Wagner, Carlo Varalda, Laura Capranica, Cristina Cortis. Dynamic Balance Evaluation: Reliability and Validity of a Computerized Wobble Board. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2020; 34 (6):1709-1715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Fusco; Giuseppe F. Giancotti; Philip X. Fuchs; Herbert Wagner; Carlo Varalda; Laura Capranica; Cristina Cortis. 2020. "Dynamic Balance Evaluation: Reliability and Validity of a Computerized Wobble Board." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34, no. 6: 1709-1715.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2020 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and session RPE (sRPE) are reliable tools for predicting exercise intensity and are alternatives to more technological and physiological measurements, such as blood lactate (HLa) concentration, oxygen consumption and heart rate (HR). As sRPE may also convey some insights into accumulated fatigue, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of progressive fatigue in response to heavier-than-normal training on sRPE, with absolute training intensity held constant, and determine its validity as marker of fatigue. Twelve young adults performed eight interval workouts over a two-week period. The percentage of maximal HR (%HRmax), HLa, RPE and sRPE were measured for each session. The HLa/RPE ratio was calculated as an index of fatigue. Multilevel regression analysis showed significant differences for %HRmax (p = 0.004), HLa concentration (p = 0.0001), RPE (p < 0.0001), HLa/RPE ratio (p = 0.0002) and sRPE (p < 0.0001) across sessions. Non-linear regression analysis revealed a very large negative relationship between HLa/RPE ratio and sRPE (r = −0.70, p < 0.0001). These results support the hypothesis that sRPE is a sensitive tool that provides information on accumulated fatigue, in addition to training intensity. Exercise scientists without access to HLa measurements may now be able to gain insights into accumulated fatigue during periods of increased training by using sRPE.

ACS Style

Andrea Fusco; William Sustercich; Keegan Edgerton; Cristina Cortis; Salvador J. Jaime; Richard P. Mikat; John P. Porcari; Carl Foster. Effect of Progressive Fatigue on Session RPE. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 15 .

AMA Style

Andrea Fusco, William Sustercich, Keegan Edgerton, Cristina Cortis, Salvador J. Jaime, Richard P. Mikat, John P. Porcari, Carl Foster. Effect of Progressive Fatigue on Session RPE. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (1):15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Fusco; William Sustercich; Keegan Edgerton; Cristina Cortis; Salvador J. Jaime; Richard P. Mikat; John P. Porcari; Carl Foster. 2020. "Effect of Progressive Fatigue on Session RPE." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 1: 15.

Editorial
Published: 19 January 2020 in Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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We are glad to introduce the first Journal Club of volume five, the first issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last years in the field of eccentric training, chosen by our editorial board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from a scientific point of view. The editorial board members wish you an inspiring lecture.

ACS Style

James P. Fisher; Silvia Ravalli; Luke Carlson; Lee A. Bridgeman; Federico Roggio; Simone Scuderi; Mario Maniaci; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Giuseppe Musumeci. The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Utility and Advantages of the Eccentric Training through the Isoinertial System. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2020, 5, 6 .

AMA Style

James P. Fisher, Silvia Ravalli, Luke Carlson, Lee A. Bridgeman, Federico Roggio, Simone Scuderi, Mario Maniaci, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, Giuseppe Musumeci. The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Utility and Advantages of the Eccentric Training through the Isoinertial System. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020; 5 (1):6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James P. Fisher; Silvia Ravalli; Luke Carlson; Lee A. Bridgeman; Federico Roggio; Simone Scuderi; Mario Maniaci; Cristina Cortis; Andrea Fusco; Giuseppe Musumeci. 2020. "The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Utility and Advantages of the Eccentric Training through the Isoinertial System." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 1: 6.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2019 in Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
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The multifaceted characteristic and task-specificity of postural control clearly reflects the need of knowing which factors could influence the balance measures in order to provide reliable and unbiased information. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of selected anthropometric characteristics, sex, lower limb’s strength and dominance on the Y balance test (YBT). Descriptive laboratory study Forty-two young adults performed the YBT. The raw and normalized reach distances values were recorded. ANOVA was used to examine differences between sex and limb dominance, whereas multiple linear regression models were built to identify variables associated with better postural control. No significant sex differences were observed, except for the normalized anterior direction (p = 0.0324). No significant differences between limbs emerged. Regression models significantly explained between 8-49% of the variance. Trunk length, strength, and the interaction between sex with strength were the major predictors of the raw measures. Unexpectedly, lower limb length explained only 0.08% of the raw anterior direction variance. Strength and its interaction with sex were positively associated with normalized measures. Surprisingly, the relative lower limb length variable was negatively associated with the normalized measures. Each % point increase in relative lower limb length was associated with a decrease in normalized performance ranging from 1.73-4.91%. Anthropometric characteristics, sex and lower limb strength differently influenced the YBT measures, regardless of limb dominance. Consequently, these variables should be controlled to limit the variability for an accurate evaluation of postural balance, especially if different YBT measures are used.

ACS Style

Andrea Fusco; Giuseppe Francesco Giancotti; Philip X. Fuchs; Herbert Wagner; Rubens A. da Silva; Cristina Cortis. Y balance test: Are we doing it right? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2019, 23, 194 -199.

AMA Style

Andrea Fusco, Giuseppe Francesco Giancotti, Philip X. Fuchs, Herbert Wagner, Rubens A. da Silva, Cristina Cortis. Y balance test: Are we doing it right? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2019; 23 (2):194-199.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Fusco; Giuseppe Francesco Giancotti; Philip X. Fuchs; Herbert Wagner; Rubens A. da Silva; Cristina Cortis. 2019. "Y balance test: Are we doing it right?" Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23, no. 2: 194-199.

Comparative study
Published: 01 August 2019 in International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
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Purpose: The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a well-accepted method of monitoring training load in athletes in many different sports. It is based on the category-ratio (0–10) RPE scale (BORG-CR10) developed by Borg. There is no evidence how substitution of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) might influence the sRPE in athletes. Methods: Systematically training, recreational-level athletes from a number of sport disciplines performed 6 randomly ordered, 30-min interval-training sessions, at intensities based on peak power output (PPO) and designed to be easy (50% PPO), moderate (75% PPO), or hard (85% PPO). Ratings of sRPE were obtained 30 min postexercise using either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE and compared for matched exercise conditions. Results: The average percentage of heart-rate reserve was well correlated with sRPE from both BORG-CR10 (r = .76) and BORG-RPE (r = .69). The sRPE ratings from BORG-CR10 and BORG-RPE were very strongly correlated (r = .90) at matched times. Conclusions: Although producing different absolute numbers, sRPE derived from either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE provides essentially interchangeable estimates of perceived exercise training intensity.

ACS Style

Blaine E. Arney; Reese Glover; Andrea Fusco; Cristina Cortis; Jos J. De Koning; Teun Van Erp; Salvador Jaime; Richard P. Mikat; John P. Porcari; Carl Foster. Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2019, 14, 994 -996.

AMA Style

Blaine E. Arney, Reese Glover, Andrea Fusco, Cristina Cortis, Jos J. De Koning, Teun Van Erp, Salvador Jaime, Richard P. Mikat, John P. Porcari, Carl Foster. Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2019; 14 (7):994-996.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Blaine E. Arney; Reese Glover; Andrea Fusco; Cristina Cortis; Jos J. De Koning; Teun Van Erp; Salvador Jaime; Richard P. Mikat; John P. Porcari; Carl Foster. 2019. "Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7: 994-996.