Hemotropic mycoplasmas are Gram-negative bacteria and are recognized as primary causative agents of feline infectious anemia, with a worldwide distribution and variable pathogenicity. This case report describes an unusual clinical presentation of hemoplasmosis in a seventeen-year-old spayed female cat that presented with severe flea infestation accompanied by marked weakness and lethargy. It was febrile, tachycardic, and tachypnoic, with prominent pallor of the mucous membranes. Laboratory analysis revealed severe, non-regenerative, microcytic and (falsely) hyperchromic anemia, with mild lymphopenia and slightly increased plateletcrit. The cat also tested positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Blood smear examination raised suspicion of hemoplasmosis, which was later confirmed and identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as Candidatus Mycoplasma haematominutum. Following the treatment of ectoparasites, the cat was successfully treated with enrofloxacin and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), avoiding blood transfusion, and afterwards made a full clinical recovery. Although immunocompromised due to FIV, the cat lived for an additional five years without further relapses. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented and PCR-confirmed case of feline hemoplasmosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It also highlights the need for conducting a larger study in this region to evaluate hemoplasma prevalence in this species.

Pulse pressure (PP) reflects ventricular stroke volume and arterial compliance, but its utility as a marker of cardiac disease in animals is not well established. This study evaluated the association between PP and echocardiographically confirmed cardiac abnormalities in dogs and horses and assessed its potential in pre-anesthetic evaluation. Clinical and echocardiography examination of 20 dogs and 20 horses was sufficient for inter-group comparisons and assignments to a Cardiac group (echocardiographically confirmed cardiac disease) or a Control group (healthy animals). Non-invasive oscillometric blood pressure was measured, and PP was calculated. Animals with cardiac abnormalities showed significantly higher PP but not mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) compared with healthy subjects. In horses, PP was approximately 22 mmHg higher in the Cardiac group (p = 0.042), while in dogs, the increase was 25 mmHg (p < 0.001). Regression analysis confirmed cardiac status as an independent predictor of elevated PP (p = 0.001) with excellent and good discriminatory performance between healthy and diseased dogs (AUC = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.77–1.00) and healthy and diseased horses (AUC = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.61–1.00), respectively. These results suggest that PP may serve as a sensitive and practical hemodynamic indicator of underlying cardiac disease.