Background: One of the consequences of the presentation of reproductive failures in sows is the economic losses in production because it alters the estimated values of the volume of production, decreasing the productivity of the farm. Porcine circovirosis by porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) has been associated with reproductive disorders, and porcine parvovirus (PVP) is one of the pathological agents most related to the presentation of reproductive failure in pigs. In Colombia, there are reports of the presence of PCV2 through molecular techniques, and PVP through serum tests; however, in the department of Tolima, the prevalence of these two viruses is unknown.Objective: In this study, the aim was to establish a report of the prevalence of viruses in five municipalities of the department of Tolima‐Colombia.Methods: Blood samples from 150 breeding sows of five municipalities in Tolima, Colombia, were obtained. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the PCV2 and PVP virus in the blood samples followed by PCR and sequencing of 16 PCR products of the amplification of thecapgene of PCV2. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to identify the genotype of the PCV2 virus.Results: The presence of PCV2d in sows was detected in 135 samples (90%), as well as the identification of PVP in 2.6% of the samples. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis showed that 16 isolates were the PCV2d2 genotype.Conclusion: PCV2d and PVP were found to coinfect the females, and the identification of variability in regions in the predicted amino acid sequence of the PCV2 capsid may be associated with virus pathogenicity.

Background: There is a growing interest to decipher the genetic background of resilience and its possible improvement through selective breeding. The objective of the present study was to provide new insights into the genetic make-up of resilience in growing pigs by identifying genomic regions and candidate genes associated with resilience indicators. Commercial Duroc pigs were challenged with an attenuated Aujeszky vaccine at 12 weeks of age. Two resilience indicators were used: deviation from the expected body weight at 16 weeks of age given the growth curve of non-vaccinated pigs (∆BW) and the increase in acute-phase protein haptoglobin at four days post-vaccination (∆HP). Genome-wide association analyses were carried out on 445 pigs, using genotypes at 41,165 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and single-marker and Bayesian multiple-marker regression approaches. Results: Genomic regions on pig chromosomes 2, 8, 9, 11 (∆BW) and 8, 9, 13 (∆HP) were found to be associated with the resilience indicators and explained high proportions of their genetic variance. The genomic regions that were associated explained 27 and 5% of the genetic variance of ∆BW and ∆HP, respectively. These genomic regions harbour promising candidate genes that are involved in pathways related to immune response, response to stress, or signal transduction ( CD6 , PTGDR2 , IKZF1 , RNASEL and MYD88 ), and growth ( GRB10 and LCORL ). Conclusions: Our study identified novel genomic regions that are associated with two resilience indicators (∆BW and ∆HP) in pigs. These associated genomic regions harbour potential candidate genes involved in immune response and growth pathways, which emphasise the strong relationship between resilience and immune response.

El objetivo del estufio fue evaluar la suplementacion de Lactobacillus casei en cerdas y su efecto sobre los parámetros zootécnicos de los lechones. Se trabajo con 18 cerdas F1 Landrace x Large White distribuidas en tres grupos completamente al azar: control y dos grupos suplementados con L. casei (T1: 10 x 106 UFC [unidades formadoras de colonias]; T2: 10 x108 UFC). Las dosis fueron administradas semanalmente por vía oral 2 h después de la primera alimentación del día (09:00) durante 180 días, cubriendo un ciclo productivo. Se analizaron los resultados de las variables zootécnicas de cada hembra y sus lechones al periparto, al destete y al nuevo servicio de cubrición de la hembra. En el periparto se encontró un mayor peso promedio de nacidos totales (PPNT) y peso promedio de nacidos vivos (PPNV) en los animales suplementados en comparación con el grupo control (p<0.05). En la fase de lactancia se evidenció mayor peso total por camada al destete (PTCD), peso promedio lechón desteto (PPLD), ganancia total por camada desteta por hembra (GTCDH), ganancia total promedio por lechón, (GTPL) y ganancia promedio por lechón día (GPLD) en los animales suplementados con el probiótico comparado con el grupo control (p<0.01). En ninguna de las variables se evidenció diferencias entre los grupos suplementados. Se concluye que la suplementación oral con el probiótico Lactobacillus casei en las cerdas en fase de gestación y lactancia mejora los índices productivos en el periodo periparto y en la fase de lactancia de los lechones.

Dissecting genetic variation of local breeds is important for the success of conservation. In this research, we investigated the genomic variation of Colombian Creole (CR) pigs, with a focus on the breed-specific variants in the exonic region of 34 genes with reported effects on adaptive and economic traits. Seven individuals of each of the three CR breeds (CM, Casco de Mula; SP, San Pedreño; and ZU, Zungo) were whole-genome sequenced along with 7 Iberian (IB) pigs and 7 pigs of each of the four most used cosmopolitan (CP) breeds (Duroc, Landrace × Large White, and Pietrain). Molecular variability in CR (6,451,218 variants; from 3,919,242, in SP, to 4,648,069, in CM) was comparable to that in CP, but higher than in IB. For the investigated genes, SP pigs displayed less exonic variants (178) than ZU (254), CM (263), IB (200), and the individual CP genetic types (201 to 335). Sequence variation in these genes confirmed the resemblance of CR to IB and indicates that CR pigs, particularly ZU and CM, are not exempt from selective introgression of other breeds. A total of 50 exonic variants were identified as being potentially specific to CR, including a high-impact deletion in the intron between exons 15 and 16 of the leptin receptor gene, which was only found in CM and ZU. The identification of breed-specific variants in genes related to adaptive and economical traits can bolster the understanding of the role of gene-environment interactions on local adaptation and points the way for effective breeding and conservation of CR pigs.

Adiposity results from a complex interplay among host genetics, diet and gut microbiota. Major genes are valuable models for unravelling how host genetics