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Fu Gu
The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

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Journal article
Published: 03 July 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Separation is crucial for recycling heavy metals, however, most of the reported processes focus on separating metals from non-metals. Here we propose a magnetic levitation (MagLev) configuration to separate heavy metals from metallic mixtures. The novel configuration is able to levitate substances with specific densities over 5.00 g/cm3, while the extant MagLev devices can only handle materials that have specific densities no more than 3.00 g/cm3. We mathematically model the proposed MagLev configuration and apply the approach to separate rare earth metals from fluorescent powders as well as indium contents from indium-tin oxide (ITO)/glass mixtures, mechanically processed liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and ITO powder. The results show that the recovery rates of ITO from ITO/glass mixtures are over 95%, the concentrations of indium in separated LCD shreds are doubled (from 912.0 ppm to 1873.1 ppm), and the purities of separated In2O3 from ITO powder are around 90%. The method is controllable and requires no energy or chemical inputs, and it thereby has tremendous prospects in heavy metal recycling.

ACS Style

Chengqian Zhang; Daofan Tang; Mingyi Cao; Fu Gu; Xiangyu Cai; Xuetao Liu; Zhaoyu Cheng; Philip Hall; Jianzhong Fu; Peng Zhao. A novel MagLev-based separation approach for heavy metal recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 174, 105769 .

AMA Style

Chengqian Zhang, Daofan Tang, Mingyi Cao, Fu Gu, Xiangyu Cai, Xuetao Liu, Zhaoyu Cheng, Philip Hall, Jianzhong Fu, Peng Zhao. A novel MagLev-based separation approach for heavy metal recycling. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 174 ():105769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengqian Zhang; Daofan Tang; Mingyi Cao; Fu Gu; Xiangyu Cai; Xuetao Liu; Zhaoyu Cheng; Philip Hall; Jianzhong Fu; Peng Zhao. 2021. "A novel MagLev-based separation approach for heavy metal recycling." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 174, no. : 105769.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inspires various conspiracy theories, which could divert public attention, alter human behaviors, and consequently affect the spread of the pandemic. Here we estimate the relation of the online attention on COVID-19-related conspiracy theories to human mobility, as well as to the numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases, during 14 March 2020 to 28 August 2020. We observe that the online attention to COVID-19 conspiracy theories is significantly and negatively related to human mobility, but its negative impact is noticeably less than those of the attention to official information and personal protection measures. Since human mobility significantly promotes the spread of COVID-19, the attention to official information and personal protection measures lowers COVID-19 cases by 16.16% and 9.41%, respectively, while attention to conspiracy theories only reduces the COVID-19 cases by 6.65%. In addition, we find that in the states with higher online attention to COVID-19 conspiracy theories, the negative relation of the attention to conspiracy theories is much weaker than that in states where there is less concern about conspiracies. This study stresses the necessity of restricting the online transmission of unfounded conspiracy theories during a pandemic.

ACS Style

Fu Gu; Yingwen Wu; Xinyu Hu; Jianfeng Guo; Xiaohan Yang; Xinze Zhao. The Role of Conspiracy Theories in the Spread of COVID-19 across the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3843 .

AMA Style

Fu Gu, Yingwen Wu, Xinyu Hu, Jianfeng Guo, Xiaohan Yang, Xinze Zhao. The Role of Conspiracy Theories in the Spread of COVID-19 across the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3843.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fu Gu; Yingwen Wu; Xinyu Hu; Jianfeng Guo; Xiaohan Yang; Xinze Zhao. 2021. "The Role of Conspiracy Theories in the Spread of COVID-19 across the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3843.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2020 in Finance Research Letters
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This work explores the influence of nonspecific factors, including internal parameters such as term, volume, and participants, and external ones such as risk-free interest rates, private lending interest rates, and online attention, on the average interest rate of peer-to-peer (P2P) microloans in China. Empirical findings reveal that with a positive coefficient, the private lending interest rate is the most significant influencing factor. China's P2P market was changed on June 15, 2018; the effect of the private lending interest rate turned insignificant, and the negative coefficient of the loan term, short-term risk-free interest rate, and online attention became positive.

ACS Style

Jianfeng Guo; Xiaojie Liu; Changnan Cui; Fu Gu. Influence of nonspecific factors on the interest rate of online peer-to-peer microloans in China. Finance Research Letters 2020, 41, 101839 .

AMA Style

Jianfeng Guo, Xiaojie Liu, Changnan Cui, Fu Gu. Influence of nonspecific factors on the interest rate of online peer-to-peer microloans in China. Finance Research Letters. 2020; 41 ():101839.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianfeng Guo; Xiaojie Liu; Changnan Cui; Fu Gu. 2020. "Influence of nonspecific factors on the interest rate of online peer-to-peer microloans in China." Finance Research Letters 41, no. : 101839.

Research article
Published: 29 June 2020 in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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Separating multiple mixed wastes in one step remains a serious challenge because mixtures often have to be separated using a stepwise approach. Bidirectional magnetic projection was thereby developed; the process separates mixed materials simultaneously in a container full of paramagnetic medium by sending the materials from the releasing position to their corresponding landing zones upwardly or downwardly, with the aid of the resultant force of buoyance and gravity, and the magnetic force provided by a permanent magnet placed beside the container. A mathematic model of this process was proposed, with drag considered. The validity of the model was experimentally proved, as the calculated trajectories and landing zones are well correlated with the experimental outcomes. The process can separate particles with minor density differences, and stronger magnetic force enlarges separation distances. Further, the method was applied to separate simulated plastic wastes and real plastic wastes, and to extract aluminum from mixed construction materials. The results show that in the separation tests, the recovery rates for all materials exceeded 95 wt.% with the impurities are no more than 5.6 wt.%. This approach, which has superior maneuverability and requires no external energy input, achieves efficient and effective one-step separation of mixed wastes.

ACS Style

Peng Zhao; Xuechun Zhang; Fu Gu; Hao Hu; Chengqian Zhang; Jianzhong Fu. Bidirectional Magnetic Projection: One-Step Separation for Recycling Mixed Wastes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Peng Zhao, Xuechun Zhang, Fu Gu, Hao Hu, Chengqian Zhang, Jianzhong Fu. Bidirectional Magnetic Projection: One-Step Separation for Recycling Mixed Wastes. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Zhao; Xuechun Zhang; Fu Gu; Hao Hu; Chengqian Zhang; Jianzhong Fu. 2020. "Bidirectional Magnetic Projection: One-Step Separation for Recycling Mixed Wastes." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This paper pioneers to investigate the endowment effect in the European Union mission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as well as the impacts of trading experience and compliance pressure on the endowment effect. This study is based on the complete transaction records of the market. In the data set, the records of two consecutive reverse transactions from a same emitting company are selected. The lowest price that the buyer is willing to pay (WTP) and the maximum price the seller is willing to accept (WTA) are evaluated by excluding their risk cost that is used to avoid short-term fluctuations in the price. By distinguishing the difference between WTA and WTP, and long-term fluctuations in the prices during the two transactions, the trader’s endowment effect can be quantitively assessed. The results show that the degree of endowment effect of traders follows the trading experience. In addition, since the EU ETS is a cap-and-trade market, the traders face different levels of compliance pressure; when the pressure of the emission companies increases, the degree of endowment effect will also decrease.

ACS Style

Jiqiang Wang; Fu Gu; Yingpeng Liu; Ying Fan; Jianfeng Guo. An Endowment Effect Study in the European Union Emission Trading Market based on Trading Price and Price Fluctuation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3343 .

AMA Style

Jiqiang Wang, Fu Gu, Yingpeng Liu, Ying Fan, Jianfeng Guo. An Endowment Effect Study in the European Union Emission Trading Market based on Trading Price and Price Fluctuation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (9):3343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiqiang Wang; Fu Gu; Yingpeng Liu; Ying Fan; Jianfeng Guo. 2020. "An Endowment Effect Study in the European Union Emission Trading Market based on Trading Price and Price Fluctuation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9: 3343.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2020 in Nature Communications
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The EU Emission Trading System (ETS) is the oldest and currently the largest carbon market in the world, but its purpose of stimulating carbon emissions via trading profits remains unexamined. Based on the complete firm-level transaction records of the EU ETS Phases I and II, here we show that the participating firms’ trading profits and their emission abatements are positively correlated, and the correlation becomes stronger in Phase II than Phase I. Specifically, we observe that non-linearity exists in the correlation; higher firm-level emission abatements can realize larger trading profits. This pattern affects the market fairness, though it may be helpful to incentivise emission abatements. The correlation is more regulated in Phase II than it is in Phase I, thereby indicating that the Phase II is more mature. We also observe that the state-level abatements are largely driven by industrial giants.

ACS Style

Jianfeng Guo; Fu Gu; Yinpeng Liu; Xi Liang; Jianlei Mo; Ying Fan. Assessing the impact of ETS trading profit on emission abatements based on firm-level transactions. Nature Communications 2020, 11, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Jianfeng Guo, Fu Gu, Yinpeng Liu, Xi Liang, Jianlei Mo, Ying Fan. Assessing the impact of ETS trading profit on emission abatements based on firm-level transactions. Nature Communications. 2020; 11 (1):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianfeng Guo; Fu Gu; Yinpeng Liu; Xi Liang; Jianlei Mo; Ying Fan. 2020. "Assessing the impact of ETS trading profit on emission abatements based on firm-level transactions." Nature Communications 11, no. 1: 1-8.

Research article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Analytical Chemistry
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Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising technology for density-based analysis and manipulation of diamagnetic ob-jects of various physical forms. However, one major drawback is that MagLev can only be performed along the central axis (one- dimensional MagLev), thereby leading to (i) no knowledge about the magnetic field in regions other than the axial region, (ii) inability to handle objects of similar densities, because they are aggregated in the axial region, and (iii) objects that can only be manipulated (e.g., separated or assembled) in one single direction; that is, the axial direction. This work explores a novel approach named “axial-circular MagLev” to expand the operational space from one dimension to three dimensions, enabling substances to be stably levitated in both the axial and circular regions. Without noticeably sacrific-ing the total density measurement range, the highest sensitivity of the axial-circular MagLev device can be adjusted up to 1.5 × 104 mm/(g/cm3), approximately 115 × better than that of the standard MagLev of two square magnets. Being able to fully utilize the operational space gives this approach greater maneuverability, as the three-dimensional self-assembly of controllable ring-shaped structures is demonstrated. Full space utilization extends the applicability of MagLev to bioengi-neering, pharmaceuticals, and advanced manufacturing.

ACS Style

Chengqian Zhang; Peng Zhao; Fu Gu; Xuechun Zhang; Jun Xie; Yong He; Huamin Zhou; Jianzhong Fu; Lih-Sheng Turng. Axial-Circular Magnetic Levitation: A Three-Dimensional Density Measurement and Manipulation Approach. Analytical Chemistry 2020, 92, 6925 -6931.

AMA Style

Chengqian Zhang, Peng Zhao, Fu Gu, Xuechun Zhang, Jun Xie, Yong He, Huamin Zhou, Jianzhong Fu, Lih-Sheng Turng. Axial-Circular Magnetic Levitation: A Three-Dimensional Density Measurement and Manipulation Approach. Analytical Chemistry. 2020; 92 (10):6925-6931.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengqian Zhang; Peng Zhao; Fu Gu; Xuechun Zhang; Jun Xie; Yong He; Huamin Zhou; Jianzhong Fu; Lih-Sheng Turng. 2020. "Axial-Circular Magnetic Levitation: A Three-Dimensional Density Measurement and Manipulation Approach." Analytical Chemistry 92, no. 10: 6925-6931.

Journal article
Published: 17 March 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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To promote low-carbon economy and sustainable energy consumption, new energy vehicles (NEVs), a typical eco-innovation, are drawing intensive attention from manufacturers, administrators and academics. Despite extensive literature investigates factors that affect research and development (R&D) of NEVs, yet little is known about the role of technological capability as well as the interaction between internal technological capability and external resources (e.g., ownership, government subsidy and external cooperation). This might lead to the overlook of technological capabilities and the misallocation of external resources. In present study, we investigate how firm-level technological capability (measured by R&D expenditure) affects its eco-innovation performance (measured by eco-innovation patents), as well as the moderating impacts of ownership and governmental support (i.e., subsidy). Further, we explore the correlation between firm’s technological capability and its R&D strategy (i.e., internal R&D or cooperative R&D). Our investigation is based on a unique set of panel data from 127 listed companies in the Chinese automotive industry, spanning from 2009 to 2018. The empirical findings demonstrate that firm-level technological capability is positively related to eco-innovation performance, and state ownership intensifies this positive relationship. Surprisingly, increasing government subsidy tends to weaken this correlation. The results also show that firms with higher technological capabilities prefer cooperative R&D, while those with lower technological capabilities tend to choose internal R&D. These findings promote the understanding on the cost-effectiveness of R&D investment in the NEV industry, and also shed light on the interactions of internal and external resources. The study offers managerial implications to promote the prosperity of the NEV industry.

ACS Style

Yingwen Wu; Fu Gu; Yangjian Ji; Jianfeng Guo; Ying Fan. Technological capability, eco-innovation performance, and cooperative R&D strategy in new energy vehicle industry: Evidence from listed companies in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 261, 121157 .

AMA Style

Yingwen Wu, Fu Gu, Yangjian Ji, Jianfeng Guo, Ying Fan. Technological capability, eco-innovation performance, and cooperative R&D strategy in new energy vehicle industry: Evidence from listed companies in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 261 ():121157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yingwen Wu; Fu Gu; Yangjian Ji; Jianfeng Guo; Ying Fan. 2020. "Technological capability, eco-innovation performance, and cooperative R&D strategy in new energy vehicle industry: Evidence from listed companies in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 261, no. : 121157.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Repurposing spent batteries in communication base stations (CBSs) is a promising option to dispose massive spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from electric vehicles (EVs), yet the environmental feasibility of this practice remains unknown. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in this study to compare the environmental impacts of repurposed EV LIBs and lead-acid batteries (LABs) used in conventional energy storage systems (ESSs) of CBSs. The economic-based allocation method is used in the multi-functional system. The LCA results suggest that the manufacturing and reusing stages are the dominant contributors to the environmental impacts of repurposed LIBs, whereas battery recycling can reduce environmental impacts. In addition, the secondary use of EV LIBs results in less environmental impact than the use of LABs in all selected categories, except for metal depletion, which is attributed to the large lead consumption and low energy density of LABs. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to measure the influences of two alternative allocation methods (i.e., cut-off allocation and 50/50 allocation), the cycle life, and the electricity sources on the results. It is found that repurposing spent LIBs with 50/50 allocation method has the poorest environmental performance and is not sufficiently advantageous over using LABs. Moreover, extending the cycle life of repurposed LIBs and using a cleaner energy mix significantly reduce environmental impacts. This study offers implications to mitigate the end-of-life management problem of EV LIBs, including a life cycle management platform, an effective integration of the supply chain, and references for the ongoing “green” transition of the communication industry.

ACS Style

Jie Yang; Fu Gu; Jianfeng Guo. Environmental feasibility of secondary use of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in communication base stations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2020, 156, 104713 .

AMA Style

Jie Yang, Fu Gu, Jianfeng Guo. Environmental feasibility of secondary use of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in communication base stations. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2020; 156 ():104713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Yang; Fu Gu; Jianfeng Guo. 2020. "Environmental feasibility of secondary use of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in communication base stations." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 156, no. : 104713.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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The application of integrated municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become increasingly common for the mitigation of the ever-growing MSW stream. However, despite their popularity across the globe, little is known about the performance of integrated MSW management (MSWM) plants. This study quantitively investigates the environmental and economic performance of an integrated MSW treatment center in the city of Horqin Left Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia Province, China, using a combined life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) methodology. Results indicate that the integrated MSWM plant is sustainable in both environmental and economic aspects, as the life cycle environmental impacts and economic costs can be offset by substituting virgin products with recycled counterparts. Amongst the included treatments, MSW separation, brick making and plastic recycling are the greatest contributors to the total environmental burdens and economic expenses. LCC results demonstrate that the equipment cost, tax and other asset costs are the greatest contributors to the total costs of the plant. Sensitivity analysis confirms that the increasing source separation ratio results in the reduction of environmental burdens and economic expenses via the usage of biogas and photovoltaic power. Furthermore, we offer recommendations for the promotion of the environmental and economic sustainability of integrated MSW treatment facilities.

ACS Style

Zhiguo Wang; Jingxiang Lv; Fu Gu; Jie Yang; Jianfeng Guo. Environmental and economic performance of an integrated municipal solid waste treatment: A Chinese case study. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 709, 136096 .

AMA Style

Zhiguo Wang, Jingxiang Lv, Fu Gu, Jie Yang, Jianfeng Guo. Environmental and economic performance of an integrated municipal solid waste treatment: A Chinese case study. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 709 ():136096.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhiguo Wang; Jingxiang Lv; Fu Gu; Jie Yang; Jianfeng Guo. 2019. "Environmental and economic performance of an integrated municipal solid waste treatment: A Chinese case study." Science of The Total Environment 709, no. : 136096.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2019 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) is regarded as an effective measure to mitigate air pollution. Although intensive efforts have been invested on examining the factors affect the adoption of EVs, the potential impact of air pollution on EV sales is severely underexamined. In this study, we pioneer to examine the relation of air pollution (measured in terms of the concentrations of PM2.5) to the sales of EVs. Our empirical analysis is based on a unique panel data comprises of the monthly sales volumes of EVs and the monthly average PM2.5 concentration levels from 20 major cities in China. The data spans from 1st May 2014 to 30th April 2018. Additionally, we employ the urban population, industrial output and disposable income per capita as controls. The results show that the PM2.5 concentrations are significantly positively correlated to the sales volumes of EVs as well as those of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), while no significant relationship between the PM2.5 concentrations and the hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) sales is observed. The significant and positive effect of the PM2.5 concentrations on the EVs sales persists, in EVs with different brand popularities and in cities of different average income levels. Amongst the selected controls, only disposable income is significantly and positively related to the sales volumes of EVs, while the others only impart insignificant effects on the EV sales. Further, we confirm the robustness of the results by using the different sectors of the panel data. Our findings contribute to the growing body of EV adoption literature, and policy implications are provided.

ACS Style

Jianfeng Guo; Xuemei Zhang; Fu Gu; Hanqi Zhang; Ying Fan. Does air pollution stimulate electric vehicle sales? Empirical evidence from twenty major cities in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 249, 119372 .

AMA Style

Jianfeng Guo, Xuemei Zhang, Fu Gu, Hanqi Zhang, Ying Fan. Does air pollution stimulate electric vehicle sales? Empirical evidence from twenty major cities in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 249 ():119372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianfeng Guo; Xuemei Zhang; Fu Gu; Hanqi Zhang; Ying Fan. 2019. "Does air pollution stimulate electric vehicle sales? Empirical evidence from twenty major cities in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 249, no. : 119372.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2019 in Sustainability
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Mobile power bank (MPB) is an emerging consumer electronic that stores and delivers electricity to other electronics. Nowadays, MPBs are produced and discarded in massive quantities, yet their environmental impacts have never been quantitatively evaluated. Employing a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, this study assesses the life cycle environmental impacts of MPBs, with a specific focus on comparing the environmental performance of different MPBs that are based on two types of batteries, namely, lithium-ion battery (LIB) and lithium-ion polymer battery (LIPB). The results suggest that battery production is the greatest contributor to the environmental impacts of both MPBs. LIPB based MPB is environmentally friendlier due to its higher energy density and longer cycle life. In addition, it is found that recycling can reduce the environmental burden of MPB industry as well as ease the vast depletion of metals such as cobalt and copper. The sensitivity analysis shows that figuring out an optimal retirement point and using less carbon-intensive electricity can reduce the climate change potential of MPBs. This study provides recommendations to further improve the environmental performance of MPB, including the usage of more sustainable cathode materials, market promoting direction, and formulation of end-of-life management policy.

ACS Style

Jie Yang; Fu Gu; Jianfeng Guo; Bin Chen. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Mobile Power Banks with Lithium-Ion Battery and Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5148 .

AMA Style

Jie Yang, Fu Gu, Jianfeng Guo, Bin Chen. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Mobile Power Banks with Lithium-Ion Battery and Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Yang; Fu Gu; Jianfeng Guo; Bin Chen. 2019. "Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Mobile Power Banks with Lithium-Ion Battery and Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5148.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2019 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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ACS Style

Wujie Zhang; Fu Gu; Jianfeng Guo. Can smart factories bring environmental benefits to their products?: A case study of household refrigerators. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019, 23, 1381 -1395.

AMA Style

Wujie Zhang, Fu Gu, Jianfeng Guo. Can smart factories bring environmental benefits to their products?: A case study of household refrigerators. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2019; 23 (6):1381-1395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wujie Zhang; Fu Gu; Jianfeng Guo. 2019. "Can smart factories bring environmental benefits to their products?: A case study of household refrigerators." Journal of Industrial Ecology 23, no. 6: 1381-1395.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2019 in Waste Management
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A novel magnetic separation method, denoted as “magnetic projection”, was proposed. The method is based on a simple configuration: a container full of paramagnetic medium is placed beside a permanent magnet. Particles of different densities that submerge in the medium are driven by the magnetic force, moving in accordance with different trajectories, and are finally landed in different collection regions. We applied this method to separate mixed plastics, because most of the extant plastic separation processes can only deal with binary mixture. In the experiment, four common plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were used to simulate the plastic mixture. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively separate the plastic mixture, as the purity of each type of recovered plastics was over 95 wt%. This approach demonstrates its tremendous potential in solid waste management and worth further investigation.

ACS Style

Xuechun Zhang; Fu Gu; Jun Xie; Chengqian Zhang; Jianzhong Fu; Peng Zhao. Magnetic projection: A novel separation method and its first application on separating mixed plastics. Waste Management 2019, 87, 805 -813.

AMA Style

Xuechun Zhang, Fu Gu, Jun Xie, Chengqian Zhang, Jianzhong Fu, Peng Zhao. Magnetic projection: A novel separation method and its first application on separating mixed plastics. Waste Management. 2019; 87 ():805-813.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xuechun Zhang; Fu Gu; Jun Xie; Chengqian Zhang; Jianzhong Fu; Peng Zhao. 2019. "Magnetic projection: A novel separation method and its first application on separating mixed plastics." Waste Management 87, no. : 805-813.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Ubiquitous utilization of video surveillance systems is supposed to promote safety, yet whether these systems improve the residents’ perception of safety is unknown. Moreover, the factors that affect the perception of safety are also unclear. We seek to fill these knowledge gaps via a survey-based study, which aims at evaluating the impact of video surveillance systems on perceived safety from crimes and accidents and on behavioral preferences, as well as the attitudes towards such systems. A total of 1080 residents in Beijing, China are validly surveyed, and the surveys returned are exploited for univariate analysis and regression analysis. The analysis results indicate that female respondents are more accustomed to adopt video surveillance systems, as they feel safer and more comfortable with the existence of surveillance systems. Higher levels of education, greater length of residency, and richer knowledge of surveillance systems tend to increase the perception of safety, while age and monthly income act negatively. The effects of these factors should be considered during the implementation of video surveillance systems and recommendations are given to facilitate the adoption of such systems.

ACS Style

Hanqi Zhang; Jianfeng Guo; Chao Deng; Ying Fan; Fu Gu. Can Video Surveillance Systems Promote the Perception of Safety? Evidence from Surveys on Residents in Beijing, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1595 .

AMA Style

Hanqi Zhang, Jianfeng Guo, Chao Deng, Ying Fan, Fu Gu. Can Video Surveillance Systems Promote the Perception of Safety? Evidence from Surveys on Residents in Beijing, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hanqi Zhang; Jianfeng Guo; Chao Deng; Ying Fan; Fu Gu. 2019. "Can Video Surveillance Systems Promote the Perception of Safety? Evidence from Surveys on Residents in Beijing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1595.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2019 in Sustainability
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As an icon of sharing economy and product service systems, bicycle sharing is gaining an increasing global popularity, yet there is little knowledge about the environmental performance of this emerging traveling mode. To seek the answer to the question, the paper employs a survey-based method and a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. We first conduct a questionnaire-based survey to identify the changes in traveling modes after the introduction of shared bicycles. The survey results show that the use of shared bicycles is more popular among young and low-income populations, and shared bicycles are predominantly used to replace walking and bus-taking. Based on the survey results, we model the environmental impacts of the changed traveling behaviors and the life cycle of shared bicycle with the aid of Gabi software. The LCA results shows that bicycle sharing is currently an environmentally friendly practice, as it brings environmental savings in all the indicators except metal consumption. Further, the results of sensitivity analysis show that aging, rising rental fees, and increasing volume of shared bicycles would impart negative impacts on the environmental performance of bicycle sharing. The findings of this work facilitate the management and development of bicycle sharing.

ACS Style

Fanying Zheng; Fu Gu; Wujie Zhang; Jianfeng Guo. Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1550 .

AMA Style

Fanying Zheng, Fu Gu, Wujie Zhang, Jianfeng Guo. Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1550.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fanying Zheng; Fu Gu; Wujie Zhang; Jianfeng Guo. 2019. "Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1550.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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To mitigate PM2.5 emissions is becoming a pressing concern, because these particles pose a threat to public health. Evidence shows that bead-free nanofiber with diameter of <100 nm is more likely to capture the PM2.5, however, currently it is impossible to fabricate bead-free nanofiber with such diameter without introduction of other substances. To fabricate bead-free polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers with diameter of <100 nm, we improved the electrospinning process of membrane fabrication via design of experiment (DOE), and we then used these nanofibers to filter PM2.5 emissions from burning cigarettes and fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing. The DOE was based on a L27 (313) orthodoxy array, which consists of six controllable factors, that is, the concentration of solution, the spinning voltage, the rotating speed, the tip-to-collector distance, the flow rate of the syringe pump, and the electrospinning temperature, each of them has three levels. The results showed that the nanofibers of the least diameter (i.e., 77 nm) can be fabricated under the following condition: 8 wt% PAN solution, 12 kV voltage, 5000 r/min, 12 cm tip-to-collector distance, 0.6 ml/h flow rate, and 50 °C electrospinning temperature. Range analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the concentration of PAN solution has the most significant effect on the diameter, and their values are positively correlated. An examination in a two-chamber filtering device showed the PAN membrane with the least fiber diameter has a PM2.5 filtration efficiency of 99.26%. A filtration test on standard FDM 3D printing process showed the membrane has a PM2.5 removal efficiency of 81.16%. This work could mitigate PM2.5 emissions from cigarette tobacco and FDM 3D printing, and it would be used to other scenarios, such as industrial and traffic emissions.

ACS Style

Mingyi Cao; Fu Gu; Chengchen Rao; Jianzhong Fu; Peng Zhao. Improving the electrospinning process of fabricating nanofibrous membranes to filter PM2.5. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 666, 1011 -1021.

AMA Style

Mingyi Cao, Fu Gu, Chengchen Rao, Jianzhong Fu, Peng Zhao. Improving the electrospinning process of fabricating nanofibrous membranes to filter PM2.5. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 666 ():1011-1021.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mingyi Cao; Fu Gu; Chengchen Rao; Jianzhong Fu; Peng Zhao. 2019. "Improving the electrospinning process of fabricating nanofibrous membranes to filter PM2.5." Science of The Total Environment 666, no. : 1011-1021.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2018 in Technological Forecasting and Social Change
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Assessing potential disruptiveness of innovations is an important but challenging task for incumbents. However, the extant literature focuses only on technological and marketplace aspects, and most of the documented methods tend to be case specific. In this study, we present a multidimensional measurement framework to assess the disruptive potential of product innovations. The framework is designed based on the concept that the nature of disruptive innovations is multidimensional. Three aspects are considered, i.e., technological features, marketplace dynamics and external environment. Ten indicators of the three categories are proposed and then connected based on the conceptual and literature analysis. Three innovations, namely, WeChat (successful), Modularised Mobile Phone (failed) and Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality (ongoing), are selected as case studies. A panel of industrial experts with PhD degree in engineering is surveyed. The survey results are calculated and analysed according to the framework and then compared against the developments of the innovations. We also check the robustness of this framework by surveying other groups of people, and the results are nearly identical to the previous findings. This study enables a systematic assessment of disruptive potential of innovations using the framework, providing insights for decisions in product launch and resource allocation.

ACS Style

Jianfeng Guo; Jiaofeng Pan; Jianxin Guo; Fu Gu; Jari Kuusisto. Measurement framework for assessing disruptive innovations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2018, 139, 250 -265.

AMA Style

Jianfeng Guo, Jiaofeng Pan, Jianxin Guo, Fu Gu, Jari Kuusisto. Measurement framework for assessing disruptive innovations. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2018; 139 ():250-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianfeng Guo; Jiaofeng Pan; Jianxin Guo; Fu Gu; Jari Kuusisto. 2018. "Measurement framework for assessing disruptive innovations." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 139, no. : 250-265.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Peng Zhao; Chengchen Rao; Fu Gu; Nusrat Sharmin; Jianzhong Fu. Close-looped recycling of polylactic acid used in 3D printing: An experimental investigation and life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 197, 1046 -1055.

AMA Style

Peng Zhao, Chengchen Rao, Fu Gu, Nusrat Sharmin, Jianzhong Fu. Close-looped recycling of polylactic acid used in 3D printing: An experimental investigation and life cycle assessment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 197 ():1046-1055.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng Zhao; Chengchen Rao; Fu Gu; Nusrat Sharmin; Jianzhong Fu. 2018. "Close-looped recycling of polylactic acid used in 3D printing: An experimental investigation and life cycle assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 197, no. : 1046-1055.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Industrial Crops and Products
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Although flax fibres are largely used to reinforce plastic, the quality of these fibres depends on the cultivation conditions, moreover, the global production volume of these fibres is also limited. The main aim of this current work was to investigate the feasibility of replacing flax fibres with bamboo fibres for reinforcing thermoplastics in terms of mechanical and environmental performance of both fibres. Two types of bamboo fibres, bamboo original fibres (BOF) and bamboo viscose fibres (BVF) and flax fibres as reference were used to reinforce polypropylene (PP). The composites were fabricated into laminates using manual stacking and hot pressing and the mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact) of the composites were evaluated. In order to evaluate the environmental performance of these composites life cycle assessment approach was conducted which showed that the composites reinforced with bamboo fibres were eco-friendlier as compared to the composites with flax fibres. However, the flax fibre-reinforced composite showed better mechanical performance. The BOF/PP composites showed better life cycle environmental performance as compared to both flax/PP and BVF/PP composites. Finally, a compatibilizer, i.e., maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, was added which resulted in better mechanical and environmental performance of the bamboo fibre reinforced composites. Comparison between the environmental impacts of different disposal routes for the composites demonstrated that incineration and recycling are more environmental friendly disposal practises than placing waste in a landfill.

ACS Style

Fu Gu; Yitao Zheng; Wujie Zhang; Xing Yao; Deng Pan; Alecia Sze Mun Wong; Jianfeng Guo; Philip Hall; Nusrat Sharmin. Can bamboo fibres be an alternative to flax fibres as materials for plastic reinforcement? A comparative life cycle study on polypropylene/flax/bamboo laminates. Industrial Crops and Products 2018, 121, 372 -387.

AMA Style

Fu Gu, Yitao Zheng, Wujie Zhang, Xing Yao, Deng Pan, Alecia Sze Mun Wong, Jianfeng Guo, Philip Hall, Nusrat Sharmin. Can bamboo fibres be an alternative to flax fibres as materials for plastic reinforcement? A comparative life cycle study on polypropylene/flax/bamboo laminates. Industrial Crops and Products. 2018; 121 ():372-387.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fu Gu; Yitao Zheng; Wujie Zhang; Xing Yao; Deng Pan; Alecia Sze Mun Wong; Jianfeng Guo; Philip Hall; Nusrat Sharmin. 2018. "Can bamboo fibres be an alternative to flax fibres as materials for plastic reinforcement? A comparative life cycle study on polypropylene/flax/bamboo laminates." Industrial Crops and Products 121, no. : 372-387.