Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has been investigated in neurological diseases, encompassing both central nervous system malignancies and autoimmune disorders, thereby extending its application beyond hematological cancers. This scoping review evaluates CAR T‐cell therapy applications in neurological conditions, assessing therapeutic efficacy, safety profiles, and neurotoxicity management strategies. A literature search across four databases (January 2020–December 2025) identified 33 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, encompassing original and secondary research from international centers. CAR T‐cell therapy demonstrated promising efficacy across diverse neurological conditions. In glioblastoma trials, 44% of patients ( n = 128) achieved partial or complete clinical/radiographic responses with favorable safety profiles. Moreover, compelling results emerged from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder studies, in which 92% of patients (11/12) achieved sustained relapse‐free remission over a median follow‐up of 5.5 months. Multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, and stiff‐person syndrome cases exhibited excellent treatment tolerance without significant immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), which is a major concern affecting 27% of patients with hematological malignancies. Overall, CAR T‐cell therapy emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy in neurology, encompassing both oncological and autoimmune conditions. Toxicity profiles in neurological CAR T‐cell applications differ substantially from those observed in hematologic malignancies, underscoring the need for condition‐specific risk assessment frameworks and customized management approaches. Future research should prioritize larger multicenter trials with extended follow‐up to establish definitive efficacy and safety profiles in neurological indications.

Peritonitis remains a serious complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, often caused by common organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus. However, rare pathogens may also play a role. We report a case of peritonitis in a 41-year-old female on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, in whom Pluralibacter gergoviae was identified as the causative organism. The patient presented with abdominal pain and cloudy dialysate but remained hemodynamically stable. Peritoneal fluid analysis revealed elevated white cell counts, and culture Pluralibacter gergoviae, which was sensitive to multiple antibiotics. Initial empiric therapy was adjusted accordingly, leading to clinical and laboratory improvement. This is the second reported case of Pluralibacter gergoviae-related peritonitis in the literature. This case underscores the importance of recognizing uncommon pathogens in peritoneal dialysis-related infections and the role of prompt microbiological diagnosis in guiding targeted therapy. Increased awareness and reporting of such cases are essential to enhance understanding and optimize patient management.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a leading global non‐communicable disease associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden. Diabetic foot complications represent a leading cause of hospitalization and lower‐limb amputation in this population. Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of educational programmes on nurses' knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care. Methods: A systematic search of quasi‐experimental studies from 2015 to 2024 was performed. Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi‐Experimental Studies was used to evaluate methodological quality. The results were summarized narratively due to variations in study designs, interventions and outcome measures. The GRADE approach was used for assessment of the evidence certainty. Results: A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Educational interventions were found to be consistently linked to enhanced knowledge and/or clinical practice concerning diabetic foot care among nurses in the included studies. Interactive and practical educational approaches appeared particularly promising; however, considerable heterogeneity existed in intervention content, duration, measurement instruments and follow‐up periods. The overall certainty of evidence for both knowledge and practice outcomes was rated as very low. Conclusion: Educational programmes were consistently associated with improvements in nurses' knowledge and practice regarding diabetic foot care. The findings suggest that healthcare training could be integrated with ongoing professional development programmes, emphasizing experiential learning. However, the very low certainty of evidence and predominance of non‐randomized quasi‐experimental designs limit causal inference. More rigorous randomized or cluster‐randomized studies with standardized outcome measures, longer follow‐up and patient‐level outcomes are needed. Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD420261404535

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is no longer just a metabolic diagnosis; it is a daily test of confidence, endurance and quality of life. Traditional measures such as haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) provide only a partial picture, while patients' beliefs about their ability to manage diabetes may be equally crucial. This scoping review examines how self‐efficacy and self‐care behaviours intersect with glycaemic control and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with T2DM across diverse health systems and cultures. Methods: Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across four databases covering January 2016 to March 2026. Studies were eligible if they included adults aged ≥ 18 years with confirmed T2DM and examined at least one of the following: diabetes self‐efficacy, self‐care behaviours, glycaemic control (HbA1c) or HRQoL. Thirteen studies encompassing 5784 adults with T2DM were included, spanning cross‐sectional, longitudinal, quasi‐experimental and randomised controlled trial designs across seven countries. Results: Diabetes management self‐efficacy consistently outperformed knowledge in predicting self‐care behaviours and HbA1c, with patients holding stronger efficacy beliefs demonstrating better metabolic control and higher HRQoL. Interventions grounded in social cognitive theory and empowerment approaches achieved clinically meaningful HbA1c reductions alongside improvements in self‐care and quality of life. Advanced modelling identified a psychological cascade whereby health literacy enhanced empowerment and self‐efficacy, which in turn drove self‐care and improved glycaemic and HRQoL outcomes. Cluster analyses further revealed distinct high‐risk subgroups, underscoring the need for stratified, individualised interventions. Conclusion: In T2DM, self‐efficacy consistently emerged as a central psychological factor associated with self‐care behaviour, glycaemic control and quality of life. The available evidence suggests that theoretically grounded, individually tailored interventions addressing psychological and behavioural determinants, including self‐efficacy, self‐care, empowerment and resilience, hold promise for improving diabetes outcomes. However, further longitudinal and experimental research is needed to confirm these relationships.

Background: Armed conflicts severely disrupt cancer care delivery, destroying infrastructure and limiting access to essential diagnostics and treatments. Evidence on service challenges, adaptations, and policy implications remains fragmented. Methods: This scoping review of four databases (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL) was conducted for original peer-reviewed studies published between January 2020 and August 2025. The search focused on the effect of wars on cancer service delivery in conflict zones, and its impact on cancer care. Results: Wars in conflict-affected countries like Palestine, Sudan, Syria, Iraq, Ukraine, and Afghanistan caused widespread destruction of cancer infrastructure, unsafe hospitals, and interruptions in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Countries faced shortages of specialized centers, technicians/radiologists, and medical records, alongside high costs and supply chain disruptions. Despite these challenges, healthcare systems demonstrated resilience through adaptations including Ukraine’s MedEvac program for EU treatment evacuation, cross-border referrals (Iraq→Lebanon, Afghanistan→Pakistan), telemedicine, mobile diagnostic units, and community-based care models. Policy responses emphasized international aid coordination, conflict-sensitive health planning, and supply chain restoration. Conclusion: Conflicts cause infrastructure destruction, workforce depletion/migration, treatment barriers/delays, drug supply disruptions, and psychosocial/economic impacts, which in turn create urgent policy/governance challenges. Although humanitarian aid may provide temporary relief, sustainable solutions require peace and global commitment, grounded in equity and the fundamental right to health.