A comparison between different modern multi-objective optimization methods applied to the design of concentric rings antenna arrays is presented in this paper. This design of concentric rings antenna arrays considers the optimization of the amplitude and phase excitations across the antenna elements in order to generate the trade-off curves between side lobe level and directivity for a scannable pattern with optimal performance in the whole azimuth plane. Simulation results by using evolutionary multi-objective optimization methods, such as: NSGA-II, DEMO, and EM-MOPSO are provided in this document. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the performance between these algorithms is presented.

The design of antenna arrays in a cubic geometry is presented in this paper. The decision variables considered for this synthesis problem are: the amplitude and phase excitations. The synthesis process is carried out by the technique of DEMO (Differential Evolution for Multi-objective Optimization) and NSGA-II (Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm). Simulation results detailed by using an antenna array with isotropic elements and with circular patch antenna optimized by DEMO and NSGA- II are provided and compared. The disk patch antenna is formulated by the well-known cavity model. Furthermore, in order to discover which design case could provide a better performance in side lobe level, directivity, and the dynamic range ratio, a comparative analysis of the performance of the optimized design case with a conventional-phased cubic array is undertaken.

This paper proposes an analytical method to calculate the switch-on sequences that provides Time Modulated Antenna Arrays (TMAA) with beam scanning in the sideband region. Such time sequences can be calculated to locate the main beam both in the azimuth and elevation planes. A comparison between H. Shanks’ method and the method proposed in this paper is presented. The radiation patterns of uniform linear, square and circular arrays are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Additionally, a 6-element circular antenna array prototype for 5G applications was constructed. Such array resonates at the frequency of 3.612 GHz. The radiation patterns were measured in the anechoic chamber, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The experimental study conducted in an automotive company aimed to optimize the process flow and redesign service lines in the final assembly area, thereby creating physical space for the integration of new lines. Three pivotal tools were employed: the Guerchet methodology, lean manufacturing techniques, and process simulation before physical alterations. The outcomes revealed a substantial increase in production, ranging between 17% and 20%, following the implementation of the proposed changes. Furthermore, there was a reduction of 25 square meters in the physical space occupied by the final assembly service lines. This productivity enhancement signifies a significant advancement in the automotive industry, marking a milestone in service parts efficiency. In addition to the productivity impact, these changes brought about economic savings for the company. Decision-making relied on positive simulation results, allowing physical modifications solely upon their proven effectiveness in a virtual environment. This strategy not only drove productivity improvements but also positioned the company on the path towards the digitalization of its processes, as a prelude to a transition towards Industry 4.0. This strategic approach not only demonstrates enhancements in operational efficiency but also underscores the value of prior planning and the gradual adoption of digital technologies in the current manufacturing landscape. The integration of these tools offers not only immediate improvements but also a long-term vision toward a more efficient and adaptable manufacturing environment.

This study presents a technically validated and sustainable manufacturing strategy for producing medical-grade drainage tubing using recycled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) derived from post-industrial waste. A 25% blend of regranulated PVC was compounded with 75% virgin resin and processed under standardized extrusion conditions in an ISO 13485-certified medical device facility. The approach aims to enable circular economy implementation in precision polymer processing without compromising product quality or regulatory compliance. The methodology involved mechanical compounding of the recycled blend, extrusion under controlled conditions, and validation of the tubing’s physical and functional properties using ASTM-standard testing protocols. A total of fifty tubing prototypes were manufactured and evaluated through hardness, specific gravity, tensile strength, sealing integrity, and closure force measurements. The process incorporated real-time monitoring via laser gauges and pressure/temperature sensors, ensuring repeatability and dimensional consistency. The results confirmed that tubing with 25% recycled content met all acceptance criteria for Class I non-invasive medical devices, including dimensional specifications, bond strength, and biocompatibility standards. A cradle-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed environmental improvements over the conventional process, including a 22% reduction in plastic waste, 15% lower energy use, and 15% fewer CO ₂ emissions. Additionally, the substitution strategy led to annual cost savings of over USD 442,000, calculated for the standard yearly production volume of peritoneal dialysis drainage tubing, by reducing virgin resin and energy consumption. This work offers a scalable and industrially validated model for sustainable manufacturing in the healthcare sector. It demonstrates that recycled materials can be reliably reintegrated into regulated production lines without altering infrastructure, enabling practical transitions toward green manufacturing.